Складові компоненти мовної особистості в контексті міжкультурної комунікації

Стаття присвячена аналізу складових компонентів мовної особистості в контексті міжкультурної комунікації, їх взаємодії та функціонуванню з точки зору прагматичної спрямованості мовленнєвого впливу. Детально розглядаються три рівні структури мовної особистості (структурно-мовний, лінгвокогнітивний ті мотиваційний) із визначенням специфіки їхніх складових компонентів.Статья посвящена анализу составляющих компонентов языковой личности в контексте межкультурной коммуникаций, их взаимодействию и функционированию с точки зрения прагматической направленности речевого воздействия. Детально рассматриваются три уровня структуры языковой личности (структурно-языковой, лингвокогнитивный и мотивационный) с последующим определением специфики их составляющих компонентов.The article is dedicated to the linguistic personality constituent components' analysis in terms of cross-cultural communication, their interaction and functioning with the speech influence pragmatic orientation taken into consideration. The three levels of the linguistic personality (that is, structural linguistic, lingo cognitive and motivation ones) are under analysis with the following their constituent components specificity determinatio

Reduced TCA cycle rates at high hydrostatic pressure hinder hydrocarbon degradation and obligate oil degraders in natural, deep-sea microbial communities

Petroleum hydrocarbons reach the deep-sea following natural and anthropogenic factors. The process by which they enter deep-sea microbial food webs and impact the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements is unclear. Hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a distinctive parameter of the deep sea, although rarely investigated. Whether HP alone affects the assembly and activity of oil-degrading communities remains to be resolved. Here we have demonstrated that hydrocarbon degradation in deep-sea microbial communities is lower at native HP (10 MPa, about 1000 m below sea surface level) than at ambient pressure. In long-term enrichments, increased HP selectively inhibited obligate hydrocarbon-degraders and downregulated the expression of beta-oxidation-related proteins (i.e., the main hydrocarbon-degradation pathway) resulting in low cell growth and CO2 production. Short-term experiments with HP-adapted synthetic communities confirmed this data, revealing a HP-dependent accumulation of citrate and dihydroxyacetone. Citrate accumulation suggests rates of aerobic oxidation of fatty acids in the TCA cycle were reduced. Dihydroxyacetone is connected to citrate through glycerol metabolism and glycolysis, both upregulated with increased HP. High degradation rates by obligate hydrocarbon-degraders may thus be unfavourable at increased HP, explaining their selective suppression. Through lab-scale cultivation, the present study is the first to highlight a link between impaired cell metabolism and microbial community assembly in hydrocarbon degradation at high HP. Overall, this data indicate that hydrocarbons fate differs substantially in surface waters as compared to deep-sea environments, with in situ low temperature and limited nutrients availability expected to further prolong hydrocarbons persistence at deep sea

Bistability in the redox chemistry of sediments and oceans.

For most of Earth's history, the ocean's interior was pervasively anoxic and showed occasional shifts in ocean redox chemistry between iron-buffered and sulfide-buffered states. These redox transitions are most often explained by large changes in external inputs, such as a strongly altered delivery of iron and sulfate to the ocean, or major shifts in marine productivity. Here, we propose that redox shifts can also arise from small perturbations that are amplified by nonlinear positive feedbacks within the internal iron and sulfur cycling of the ocean. Combining observational evidence with biogeochemical modeling, we show that both sedimentary and aquatic systems display intrinsic iron-sulfur bistability, which is tightly linked to the formation of reduced iron-sulfide minerals. The possibility of tipping points in the redox state of sediments and oceans, which allow large and nonreversible geochemical shifts to arise from relatively small changes in organic carbon input, has important implications for the interpretation of the geological rock record and the causes and consequences of major evolutionary transitions in the history of Earth's biosphere

Hawaiian beaches as natural analogues for long-term rates and impacts of Coastal Enhanced Silicate Weathering

Silicate weathering is the primary natural sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on geological time scales and Coastal Enhanced Silicate Weathering (CESW) aims to accelerate this process as a Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technology for climate stabilization. However, the CO2 sequestration efficiency and environmental impacts of CESW remain largely unknown as dedicated field studies are lacking and long-term conditions are not yet investigated. However, some natural coastal environments can function as suitable analogues of CESW. Papakōlea Beach in Hawai’i is the world’s largest and best example of such a natural coastal analogue, comprising ∼90 wt % of olivine, a fast weathering Mg-silicate. As time is the critical factor, these beaches are extremely rare because olivine undergoes rapid dissolution in marine settings. It hence provides an opportunity to study the long-term rate and impact of olivine weathering, as envisioned in CESW applications. In summer 2022, field investigations were conducted on Papakōlea beach (olivine sand) and the nearby Richardson Bay (carbonate sands). Sediment incubation were done to investigate the dissolution kinetics under natural conditions, the fate of weathering products from olivine dissolution, and to explore the influence of olivine dissolution on biogeochemical cycling and ecology. Our findings reveal alkalinity release from the incubated olivine sand of Papakōlea beach, as well as the calcium carbonate equivalent from Richardson Bay. The alkalinity released during chemical weathering of silicate minerals results in supplementary transfer of atmospheric CO2 to the coastal ocean, with long-term storage in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3-) thereafter. The increase of alkalinity concentrations correlates with the production of dissolved inorganic carbon, indicating atmospheric CO2 uptake. To characterize the olivine dissolution and reflect surface alteration process on the grain scale, the study included non-destructive scans via electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) of weathered minerals