Zur Struktur der zusammengesetzten Sätze in der Textsorte „Leitartikel“

Der Satz gehört zu den grundlegenden Einheiten des sprachlichen Systems. Über die Definition des Satzes wurde von der Entwicklung der Sprachwissenschaft als selbstständiger Disziplin bis heute heftig diskutiert. Es existieren vielfältige Ansätze, den Satzbegriff zu definieren, aber bis heute gibt es keine vollständige Definition dieses Begriffs. Jede linguistische Schule entwickelte ihren eigenen Satzbegriff, und der Satz als sprachliches Phänomen wurde aus logischen, philosophischen, kommunikationswissenschaftlichen und psychologischen Perspektiven beobachtet. Sätze können nach unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten eingeteilt werden, unter anderem gibt es Unterscheidung zwischen dem einfachen und dem zusammengesetzten Satz. Der einfache Satz enthält nur ein einziges Prädikat (finites Verb), während ein zusammengesetzter Satz aus mehreren einfachen Sätzen zusammengesetzt ist. Der Gegenstand unserer Arbeit ist die Analyse der zusammengesetzten Sätze in der Textsorte „Leitartikel“ im Bezug auf die Faktoren der Satzgliedstellung – Strukturtyp, Rahmenkonstruktion, Satzgliedwert und Mitteilungswert

Navier-Stokesove jednadžbe

Navier-Stokesove jednadžbe opisuju gibanje inkompresibilnog Newtonovog fluida. Unatoč detaljnom proučavanju kroz godine (problem je postavljen pred gotovo 200 godina), egzistencija i jedinstvenost glatkog rješenja i dalje su otvoreno pitanje i spadaju u jedan od milenijskih problema. Cilj ovog rada je pokazati egzistenciju i jedinstvenost slabog rješenja u dvije i tri dimenzije pod određenim uvjetima, diskutirati problematiku vezanu uz sama rješenja i konačno dati neke primjere primjena Navier-Stokesovih jednadžbi u realnim fizikalnim problemima.Navier-Stokes equations describe motion of incompressible Newtonian fluid. Although heavily studied over the years (problem was set almost 200 years ago), it is still unsolved problem in classical sense - existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions - and is one of the millennium problems. Objective of this work is to show existence and uniqueness of weak solutions in two and three dimensions under certain conditions, discuss on the major problems, and give some examples of applications together with numerical simulations of real world problems

Navier-Stokesove jednadžbe

Navier-Stokesove jednadžbe opisuju gibanje inkompresibilnog Newtonovog fluida. Unatoč detaljnom proučavanju kroz godine (problem je postavljen pred gotovo 200 godina), egzistencija i jedinstvenost glatkog rješenja i dalje su otvoreno pitanje i spadaju u jedan od milenijskih problema. Cilj ovog rada je pokazati egzistenciju i jedinstvenost slabog rješenja u dvije i tri dimenzije pod određenim uvjetima, diskutirati problematiku vezanu uz sama rješenja i konačno dati neke primjere primjena Navier-Stokesovih jednadžbi u realnim fizikalnim problemima.Navier-Stokes equations describe motion of incompressible Newtonian fluid. Although heavily studied over the years (problem was set almost 200 years ago), it is still unsolved problem in classical sense - existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions - and is one of the millennium problems. Objective of this work is to show existence and uniqueness of weak solutions in two and three dimensions under certain conditions, discuss on the major problems, and give some examples of applications together with numerical simulations of real world problems

Kvaliteta života bolesnika s epilepsijom - naša iskustva

A prospective study was carried out at the Zagreb University Hospital Centre to evaluate the relationship between epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and quality of life (QoL) in patients with epilepsy (PE), and its association with depressive symptoms and sexual dysfunction (SD). QoL was assessed by use of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Inventory (QOLIE-31), SD by the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), and depressive symptoms by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17). The study included 108 PE (women 63% and men 37% men), mean age 39.54±15.91 years. Focal type epilepsy was diagnosed in 14.8%, generalized type in 35.2%, and both types were present in 40.7% of study patients. Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) was present in 44/108 and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was implanted in 27/44 patients. The mean response on QOLIE-31 was 62.88±17.21 with no significant differences according to gender, type of epilepsy, and age. A statistically significantly lower QoL was found in the ‘Overall QoL’ domain (35-55 vs. <35 age group). Patients taking both types of AEDs had a significantly lower QoL compared to those on newer types of AEDs. Higher QoL was associated with less pronounced depressive symptoms (p=0.000). Significant correlations were found between lower QoL and SD (p=0.001). In 27 patients with DRE having undergone VNS, a favorable effect of VNS implantation on the QoL and mood was observed as compared with 18 patients without VNS (p=0.041).Provedeno je prospektivno istraživanje u KBC-u Zagreb s ciljem procjene povezanosti epilepsije, antiepileptičkih lijekova (antiepileptic drug, AED) i kvalitete života (quality of life, QoL) u bolesnika s epilepsijom, kao i učestalosti depresije i seksualne disfunkcije (SD). QOLIE-31 (Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 Inventory) je primijenjen za procjenu QoL-a, ASEX (Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale) za SD i HAM-D17 (Hamilton Rating Scale) za depresiju. Uključeno je 108 bolesnika s epilepsijom (63% žena, 37% muškaraca; srednja dob 39,54±15,91 godina). Žarišnu epilepsiju imalo je 14,8% i generaliziranu 35,2% bolesnika, dok je obje vrste epilepsije imalo 40,7% bolesnika. Farmakorezistentnu epilepsiju (drug-resistant epilepsy, DRE) imalo je 44/108 bolesnika, a kod njih 27/44 ugrađen je stimulator vagusnog živca (vagus nerve stimulation, VNS). Srednji odgovor na QOLIE-31 bio je 62,88±7,21 bez značajnih razlika u odnosu na spol, vrstu epilepsije i dob. Statistički značajno niži QoL nađen je u domeni ‘Sveukupni QoL’ (dobna skupina 35-55 godina u odnosu na dobnu skupinu <35). Bolesnici koji su uzimali obje vrste AED imali su značajno niži QoL u usporedbi s onima na novijim AED. Viši QoL bio je povezan s manje izraženim simptomima depresije (p=0,000). Pronađene su značajne korelacije između nižeg QoL-a i SD (p=0,001). U bolesnika s DRE utvrđen je pozitivan utjecaj ugradnje VNS-a na QoL i raspoloženje (27 bolesnika s VNS-om u usporedbi s 18 bolesnika bez VNS-a, p=0,041)

Navier-Stokesove jednadžbe

Navier-Stokesove jednadžbe opisuju gibanje inkompresibilnog Newtonovog fluida. Unatoč detaljnom proučavanju kroz godine (problem je postavljen pred gotovo 200 godina), egzistencija i jedinstvenost glatkog rješenja i dalje su otvoreno pitanje i spadaju u jedan od milenijskih problema. Cilj ovog rada je pokazati egzistenciju i jedinstvenost slabog rješenja u dvije i tri dimenzije pod određenim uvjetima, diskutirati problematiku vezanu uz sama rješenja i konačno dati neke primjere primjena Navier-Stokesovih jednadžbi u realnim fizikalnim problemima.Navier-Stokes equations describe motion of incompressible Newtonian fluid. Although heavily studied over the years (problem was set almost 200 years ago), it is still unsolved problem in classical sense - existence and uniqueness of smooth solutions - and is one of the millennium problems. Objective of this work is to show existence and uniqueness of weak solutions in two and three dimensions under certain conditions, discuss on the major problems, and give some examples of applications together with numerical simulations of real world problems

Noise in air handling and ventilation systems

Kao što sami naslov kaže, rad se bavi bukom u klimatizacijskim i ventilaciskim sustavima. Rad se proteže u osam cjelina, u kojima govori općenito o zvuku, akustičnim karakteristikama, parametrima akustičkog polja, samoj arhitekturi akustike i širenju zvuka u prostoru. Obradili su se i osnovni pojmovi klimatizacijskih i ventilacijskih sustava, kao što su zračni sustavi i sustavi zonske klimatizacije. Važan pojam je i distribucija zraka u klimatizacijskim sustavima jer bez dobre distribucije zraka u sustavu nebi bilo dobre ventilacije prostora. Nakon opisanih općih pojmova vezanih za akustiku i klimatizaciju, dolazi se do tebe rada, a to je proračun buke u klimatizacijskim i ventilacijskim sustavima. Gledala se razlika između izračunate buke u sustavima, dane od proizvođača i stvarne izmjerene vrijednosti buke. Opisivali su se postupci mjerenja i prikazali rezultati. Provjerom rezultata sa izmjerenim vrijednostima došlo se do zaključka da li je proizvođač dao točne podatke za svoje proizvode. !As the title says, this work deals with noise in the air conditioning and ventilation systems. The work extends into eight units, which speaks generally about the sound, acoustic characteristics, parameters of the acoustic field, the architecture acoustics and sound propagation in space. Basic concepts of air conditioning and ventilation systems are processed in this work, such as air systems and air conditioning systems of the zone. An important concept is the distribution of air in air-conditioning systems because without good distribution of air in the system would not be good ventilation of space. After describing the general concepts related to acoustics and air conditioning, it comes to the themes of work, and it's calculation of noise in air conditioning and ventilation systems. The differences between the calculated noise in the system, provided by the manufacturer and the actual measured values of noise. The methods for the measurement and display results are shown. Checking the results with measured values comes the conclusion that the manufacturer have provided accurate information for their products

ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA TO THE EUROZONE

Pristupanje Republike Hrvatske eurozoni označava značajan korak prema dubljoj ekonomskoj i monetarnoj integraciji s ostalim zemljama Europske unije koje koriste euro kao svoju službenu valutu. Ovaj proces uključuje prihvaćanje eura kao zamjenu za nacionalnu valutu - hrvatsku kunu. Pristupanje eurozoni donosi niz ekonomskih i financijskih implikacija, ali i potencijalnih prednosti za Hrvatsku. Prije nego što je postala punopravna članica eurozone, Hrvatska je morala zadovoljiti određene uvjete koji se odnose na stabilnost ekonomske i monetarne politike. Ovi uvjeti uključuju kriterije konvergencije kao što su stabilnost cijena, dugoročne kamatne stope, stabilnost tečaja i fiskalna disciplina. Hrvatska će morati dokazati svoju sposobnost održavanja ovih ekonomskih parametara kako bi osigurala stabilnost unutar eurozone. Pristupanje eurozoni nosi potencijalne koristi za Hrvatsku. Korištenje iste valute kao i druge zemlje članice olakšava trgovinu i poslovanje te eliminira potrebu za deviznim transakcijama i promjenama tečaja. To može potaknuti investicije i trgovinu, te povećati gospodarsku integraciju s ostalim članicama eurozone. Također, zajednička valuta pruža veću stabilnost tečaja i smanjuje rizik od valutnih fluktuacija. Hrvatska je morala prilagoditi svoj financijski sustav, administraciju i regulatorni okvir kako bi se uskladila s pravilima i standardima eurozone. Također, treba voditi brigu o mogućim negativnim posljedicama, kao što su inflacija i prilagodba na nove ekonomske uvjete. Kroz proces pristupanja eurozoni, Hrvatska je postala punopravna članica europskog monetarnog kluba.The accession of the Republic of Croatia to the Eurozone signifies a significant step towards deeper economic and monetary integration with other European Union countries that use the euro as their official currency. This process involves adopting the euro as a replacement for the national currency - the Croatian kuna. Accession to the Eurozone brings forth a range of economic and financial implications, as well as potential benefits for Croatia. Prior to becoming a full-fledged member of the Eurozone, Croatia had to meet specific criteria related to the stability of economic and monetary policies. These criteria include convergence requirements such as price stability, long-term interest rates, exchange rate stability, and fiscal discipline. Croatia will need to demonstrate its capacity to maintain these economic parameters to ensure stability within the Eurozone.Accession to the Eurozone holds potential advantages for Croatia. Utilizing the same currency as other member states facilitates trade and business operations, eliminating the need for foreign exchange transactions and exchange rate fluctuations. This can stimulate investments, trade, and enhance economic integration with fellow Eurozone members. Additionally, a common currency provides greater exchange rate stability and reduces the risk of currency fluctuations. Croatia had to adjust its financial system, administration, and regulatory framework to align with Eurozone rules and standards. Care must also be taken to address potential adverse consequences, such as inflation and adaptation to new economic conditions. Through the process of joining the Eurozone, Croatia will become a full-fledged member of the European monetary club

Development of Selfstabilizing Urban Vehicle Based on Gyroscopic Effect

Ovim radom dan je tehnički razvoj i konstrukcija urbanog električnog vozila zasnovanog na žiroskopskom efektu. Rad je podijeljen u sedam cjeline koje su predstavljene poglavljima: Povijesni pregled, Pogon vozila, Sustav ravnoteže i HMI sustav, Zaključak i Literatura. U poglavlju Povijesni pregled, dan je pregled vozila s ravnotežnim sustavom kroz povijest. Osnovna ideja bila je konstruirati vozilo koje bi zauzimalo pola prostora današnjih prometnica, time bi se ostvarila znatna ušteda. U poglavlju Pogon vozila, opisana je izmjena pogona motora s unutrašnjim izgaranjem u električni pogon s istosmjernim motorom. Izmjena samog pogona ostvarena je tako da se proračunalo, modeliralo te simulirao električni pogon u programskom paketu SolidWorks. Nakon simulacija krenulo se u izgradnju prototipa. U poglavlju Sustav ravnoteže, dan je detaljan opis izgradnje ravnotežnog sustava zasnovanom na žiroskopskom efektu. Opisana je konstrukcija i upravljanje žiroskopima pomoću servo i BLDC motora, upravljanja žiroskopima i njihova ugradnja u vozilo. U zadnjem poglavlju opisan je HMI sustav, tj. sustav čovjek-stroj. Uloga takvog sustava je praćenje te prikaz parametra vozila kao što je status napunjenosti baterija, brzina vozila, kontrola brzine, na ekran osjetljiv na dodir. Također implementirala se kontrola vozila na daljinu, na načina da se korisniku preko interneta omogućila kontrola i praćenje vozila.This work gives the technical development and construction of an urban electric vehicle based on a gyroscopic effect. The work is divided into seven chapters that are presented in chapters: Historical review, Vehicle drive, Balance system and HMI system, Conclusion and Literature. In the Historical review chapter, a review of the vehicle with balance system is given trough time. The basic idea was to construct a vehicle that would occupy half the space of today's roads, which would result in considerable savings. Vehicle Drive chapter, follows change from the internal combustion engine drive to an electric drive with a DC motor. Modifying the drive itself has been achieved by computing, modeling, and simulating an electric drive in the SolidWorks software package. After the simulation, a prototype was set up. Balance system, shows a detailed description of the construction of the system based on the gyroscopic effec. The structure and control of the gyroscopes are described by means of servo and BLDC motors, gyroscopes control and their installation in the vehicle. The last chapter describes the HMI system (Human-Machine Interface). The role of this system is tracking and displaying vehicle parameters such as battery charge status, vehicle speed, speed control, on touch screen. It also implemented remote vehicle control, in ways that enabled the user to control and track vehicle over the Internet

Concrete durability in marine environment

Tema ovog završnog rada je određivanje svojstava trajnosti betona u maritimnoj okolini. rad je podijeljen na teoreski dio i eksperimentalni rad. U uvodnom dijelu obrađena problematika trajnosti betona. U idućem poglavlju objašnjene su karakteristike morskog okoliša i njegov utjecaj na beton. Nadalje, opisani su pojavni oblici klorida u betonu mehanizmi transporta klorida u betonusa posebnim naglasom na difuziju. Također je opisan proces korozije armature i formiranja pasivnog sloja na površini čelika kako bi bolje razumjeli ulogu klorida i ugljikova dioksida u koroziji čelične armature. Opisani su procesi degradacije betona i armature uzrokovani kloridima iz mora, te proces karbonatizacije betona. Obrađene su norme, postupci i aparatura za određivanje otpornosti betona na prodor klorida i prolazak plinova kroz njegovu poroznu strukturu. Na kraju, u eksperimentalnom radu ispitana svojsta trajnosti, konkretnije plinopropusnosti i difuzije klorida na 23 uzorka betona koji koristiti u izgradnji buduće trajektne luke, te su analizirani rezultati ispitivanja.The topic of this thesis is determination of durability properties of concrete in the marine environment. This paper is divided into theoretical part and experimental work. The introductory part deals with the issue of concrete durability. The next chapter explains characteristics of the marine environment and its impact on concrete. Furthermore, the of chlorides in concrete and the mechanisms of transport of chlorides in concrete with special emphasis on diffusion are described. Also, the process of armature corrosion and formation of passive layer on steel surface are described in order to better understand the chlorides and carbon dioxide in steel armature corrosion. The processes of degradation concrete and armature caused by chlorides from the sea are described, as well as the process of carbonation of concrete. Standards, procedures and apparatus for determining the resistance of concrete to the penetration of chlorides and the passage of gases through porous structure arediscussed. Finally, in the experimental work, the properties of durability, more specifically gas permeability and chloride diffusion on 23 samples of concrete that be used in the construction of the future ferry port were examined, and the test results analyzed

Concrete durability in marine environment

Tema ovog završnog rada je određivanje svojstava trajnosti betona u maritimnoj okolini. rad je podijeljen na teoreski dio i eksperimentalni rad. U uvodnom dijelu obrađena problematika trajnosti betona. U idućem poglavlju objašnjene su karakteristike morskog okoliša i njegov utjecaj na beton. Nadalje, opisani su pojavni oblici klorida u betonu mehanizmi transporta klorida u betonusa posebnim naglasom na difuziju. Također je opisan proces korozije armature i formiranja pasivnog sloja na površini čelika kako bi bolje razumjeli ulogu klorida i ugljikova dioksida u koroziji čelične armature. Opisani su procesi degradacije betona i armature uzrokovani kloridima iz mora, te proces karbonatizacije betona. Obrađene su norme, postupci i aparatura za određivanje otpornosti betona na prodor klorida i prolazak plinova kroz njegovu poroznu strukturu. Na kraju, u eksperimentalnom radu ispitana svojsta trajnosti, konkretnije plinopropusnosti i difuzije klorida na 23 uzorka betona koji koristiti u izgradnji buduće trajektne luke, te su analizirani rezultati ispitivanja.The topic of this thesis is determination of durability properties of concrete in the marine environment. This paper is divided into theoretical part and experimental work. The introductory part deals with the issue of concrete durability. The next chapter explains characteristics of the marine environment and its impact on concrete. Furthermore, the of chlorides in concrete and the mechanisms of transport of chlorides in concrete with special emphasis on diffusion are described. Also, the process of armature corrosion and formation of passive layer on steel surface are described in order to better understand the chlorides and carbon dioxide in steel armature corrosion. The processes of degradation concrete and armature caused by chlorides from the sea are described, as well as the process of carbonation of concrete. Standards, procedures and apparatus for determining the resistance of concrete to the penetration of chlorides and the passage of gases through porous structure arediscussed. Finally, in the experimental work, the properties of durability, more specifically gas permeability and chloride diffusion on 23 samples of concrete that be used in the construction of the future ferry port were examined, and the test results analyzed