Place of commission of the so-called transit forbidden act

The subject of the publication is the analysis of the place of comission of the so-called transit forbidden act. The publication explains the meaning of the concept of transit forbidden act and analyses the legal issue concerning the meaning of place of a causal link in determining the place of comission of the so-called transit forbidden act. The results of this analysis are important for determining the scope of application of the territoriality principle. The publication also presents de lege ferenda postulate concerning the analyzed issue.Przedmiotem publikacji jest analiza miejsca popełnienia tzw. tranzytowego czynu zabronionego. W publikacji wyjaśniono znaczenie pojęcia tranzytowy czyn zabroniony oraz poddano analizie zagadnienie prawne dotyczące znaczenia miejsca przebiegu  związku przyczynowego dla ustalenia miejsca popełnienia tzw. tranzytowego czynu zabronionego. Wyniki tej analizy mają istotne znaczenie dla ustalenia zakresu zastosowania zasady terytorialności. W publikacji przedstawiono również postulat de lege ferenda w zakresie analizowanego zagadnienia

Social economy as a new challenge

The article discusses the concept of the social economy. In the first part, some essential historical sources of the subject matter are described. The second part deals with the concept of social economy, taking into special consideration its definitional problems, founding values and characteristic principles as well as the dilemmas and difficulties connected with its implementation.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

„Nowe myślenie” a utrata dualisu. Przyczynek do filozofii dialogu

The “New Thinking”, somewhat unfortunately called the philosophy of dialogue, is still getting stalled in misunderstandings. The objective of this article is such its concise presentation which could prevent these misunderstandings. First of all, the so-called double number, dualis, is recalled, and the argumentation is presented that the loss of dualis has hindered us from understanding the You–I (Ger. Du–Ich) relationship. Meanwhile, this relation, according to the philosophers of dialogue, constitutes the reality of man and is the proper starting point for philosophical thinking, eliminating from this position a classic subject–object reference.„Nowe Myślenie”, nieco niefortunnie nazywane filozofią dialogu, ciągle grzęźnie w nieporozumieniach. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest takie jego zwięzłe przedstawienie, które mogłoby tym nieporozumieniom zapobiegać. Przede wszystkim zostaje przypomniana tzw. liczba podwójna, dualis, oraz przedstawiona argumentacja, wedle której utrata dualisu utrudniła nam rozumienie relacji Ty–Ja. Tymczasem relacja ta według filozofów dialogu konstytuuje rzeczywistość człowieka i jest właściwym punktem wyjścia dla myślenia filozoficznego, rugując z tej pozycji klasyczne odniesienie podmiot–przedmiot

The idea of “sin” in the Five Books of Moses in Oskar Goldberg’s atheological approach and in rabbinical interpretation

Oskar Goldberg’s hermeneutical approach eliminates from the text of the Pentateuch concepts crucial for its traditional - “rabbinic” - understanding. Based on deep etymological analysis, apathetical theory of language leads the German scholar to the conclusion that the idea of “sin” - among many others - was alien to the ancient Hebrews, who knew only the concept of “objective mistake”. Taking a diametrically different approach to the language of the Five Books of Moses, Aramaic translators develop the idea of “sin” as transgression and personal responsibility. This disagreement stems not only from two different visions of language of the Scripture, but is also determined by contrasting visions of god, man and their mutual relations

Influence of temperature on phytohormone interactions with monolayers obtained from phospholipids of wheat calli

The effect of temperatures (15 and 5 °C) on adsorption parameters of phytohormones at monolayers prepared from a mixture of phospholipids extracted from non-embryogenic (NE) and embryogenic (E) winter wheat calli initiated from inflorescences (inf) and embryos (emb) was studied. The surface parameter values, i.e. limiting area and collapse pressure, were determined using the Langmuir method. Phytohormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kinetin, zeatin and zearalenone were investigated. The phytohormones, at a concentration of 0.2 μg/ml dissolved in water, were injected into the subphase. Phospholipids, at the concentration of 2 mg/ml, were spread at the water surface and the monolayer was compressed. The anomalous temperature effect was observed, especially, in non-embryogenic systems. In monolayers obtained from E phospholipids, the temperature effect was dependent on the kind of tissue from which the callus was initiated. Among all the examined phytohormones, the greatest changes (monolayer expansion) were found for IAA and zearalenone. However, this activity depended strongly on the kind of tissue from which the phospholipid mixture was extracted.</jats:p