Karakterisasi karbon aktif dari Green Coke dengan perlakuan kimia (Na OH).

Green coke adalah hasil sainping dari destruksi minyak meritah, yang pemanfaatannya sebagiari besar sebagai bahan bakar. Untuk menambah riilai ekonomisnya maka perlu dilakukan pengembangan potensi lain dari green coke yaitu sebagai karbon aktif. Telah dibuat karbon aktif dari green coke dengan perlakuan kimia t'TaOH ,sienganyariasi00,1 H, 0,5 N, 1,0 N dengan temperatur 350 C, 450 C, 550 C, 650c, C. Karbcn aktif hasil percobaan untuk yang terbaik diperoieh pada NaOH sebesar 1,0 N dengan temperatur 650 C dengan kadar air 4,465 %; zat volatile matter 9,295 %; kadar abu 2,927 %; kadar karbon murni 83,085 %; daya scrap terhadap metileri Flue 8,25 ml/gram clan luas permukaan sebesar 51,1349 m is gram. Green coke is the residue of the destructive of crude oil , the mayor uses of green •coke is the burning material, to increase the economic value , it mustbe to developed to use of active carbon. Activated carbon have been made from green coke with NaOH chemical treatment with variety 400,1 N, N and temperature variety is 350°C, 450 C, 550°C, 650°C. C. Characterization for yield activated carbons could be obtained the best for KA 1,0 N NaOH - 650,C with _Moisture 4,645 %, Volatile Matter 9,295 %, Ash Content 2,975 %, Fixed' Carbon 83,085 % , Adsorption getilen of Blue 8,25 ml / gram and Surface area 51,1349 m/ gram

Rawls’s Justification Model for Ethics: What Exactly Does It Justify?

John Rawls is famous for two things: his attempt to ground morality in rationality and his conception of justice as fairness. He has developed and polished both in conjunction over the course of half a century. Yet the moral principles he advocates have always been more doctrinaire than the corresponding justification model should have ever allowed with design details explicitly promising objectivity. This article goes to the beginning, or to a reasonable proxy for it, in the “Outline of a Decision Procedure for Ethics,” with the aim of exposing and examining the discrepancy where it originates. The goal is not to prey on the earliest version of an initiative later undergoing revision but to identify and investigate the inception of a systematic bias that is retained rather than revised in subsequent iterations

Rawls’s Justification Model for Ethics: What Exactly Justifies the Model?

This is a defense of Rawls against recent criticism, ironically my own, though it is also a critique insofar as it addresses a problem that Rawls never does. As a defense, it is not a retraction of the original charges. As a critique, it is not more of the same op-position. In either capacity, it is not an afterthought. The charges were conceived from the outset with a specific solution in mind, which would have been too distracting to pursue in the same article. This is that solution. It also highlights the problem. The original charges were that Rawls’s decision procedure for ethics does not justify his own moral principles, namely his principles of justice, and that the underlying problem may well keep the decision procedure from justifying any moral principles whatsoever, or at least any normatively useful ones. The underlying problem was, and still is, the model’s inherent universalism, which is built into the decision procedure through design specifications precluding relativism, yet only at the cost of limiting the relevant moral principles to generalities that are already widely accepted, thereby render-ing the procedure at best redundant and very likely vacuous as an ethical justification model. These difficulties are manifested in the work of Rawls as the dogmatism of champi-oning a distinctive conception of justice, a liberal one as he himself calls it, through a justification model that is too universalistic to permit such a bias and possibly also too universalistic to permit any substantive conclusions at all. The solution contemplated here is to position the decision procedure as a dynamic justification model responsive to moral progress, as opposed to a static one indifferent to such progress and equally open to all moral input, thus removing the inconsistency between the universalistic design and any distinctive or controversial principles, including the ones Rawls himself recommends, so long as they are consistent with moral progress

Rethought Forms: How Do They Work?

This paper is a critical evaluation of Holger Thesleff’s thinking on Plato’s Forms, especially of his “rethinking” of the matter, as he puts it in the title of his most recent contribution. It lays out a broadly sympathetic perspective through dialectical engagement with the main lines of his interpretation and reconstruction of Plato’s world. The aim is to launch the formal academic reception of that reconstruction (rethinking), which Thesleff cautiously and modestly presents as a “proposal” — his teaser to elicit a reaction, positive or negative. The exegetical focus is on tracing the inspiration and reasoning behind his “two-level” model of Plato’s ontology, which, in turn, supports his tripartite classification of Forms. The critical focus is on identifying potential areas of misunderstanding and supplying any explanations, analyses, or arguments that may enhance the clarity of the respective positions

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Does Plato Make Room for Negative Forms in His Ontology?

Plato seems to countenance both positive and negative Forms, that is to say, both good and bad ones. He may not say so outright, but he invokes both and rejects neither. The apparent finality of this impression creates a lack of direct interest in the subject: Plato scholars do not give negative Forms much thought except as the prospect relates to something else they happen to be doing. Yet when they do give the matter any thought, typically for the sake of a prior concern, they try either to support the textual evidence or to contradict it, indicating that the evidence does not stand on its own. The purpose of this paper is to determine why they tend to affirm or deny the obvious, how they try to confirm or dispute it, and what this says about Plato’s position. The strategic vehicle is a comparative case study. The confirmation comes from Debra Nails (2013), who needs to embrace negative Forms to demonstrate that the unhypothetical first principle of the all is not identical to the Form of the good, something she cannot do unless Plato recognizes negative Forms. The contradiction comes from Holger Thesleff (2013), who needs to reject negative (Ideal) Forms because the defining feature of his (Ideal) Forms is the possession of positive intrinsic value, which cannot be predicated of anything negative. Despite defending opposite views, or perhaps because of this, they jointly make up for any lack of interest in the scholarly community. I appreciate both yet side with Thesleff

Angelique: An Angel in Distress, Morality in Crisis

Michael H. Mitias argues that friendship is a central moral value constituting an integral part of the good life and therefore deserving a prominent place in ethical theory. He consequently calls upon ethicists to make immediate and decisive adjustments toward accommodating what he regards as a neglected organic relationship between friendship and morality. This is not a fanciful amendment to our standard conception of morality but a radical proposal grounded in a unifying vision to recapture the right way of doing ethics. While the assessment is compelling, and the plea well-placed, neither has been fully understood in the scholarly reception of Mitias. This paper clarifies both. What sets it apart from other reactions to Mitias is a holistic approach drawing on literary considerations as well as philosophical ones. The combined aim is to demonstrate that Mitias is not seeking simply to restore friendship to its rightful place in normative ethical theory, which is indeed the full extent of his formal mission, but that he is seeking to do so specifically within virtue ethics. This interpretation rests on a broad engagement with Mitias’s publications beyond the recent treatise often taken understandably yet erroneously to be his only work on the subject

Factors which influenced the reorganisation of a sub-district administration programme (an evaluation study of planning in Mataram City, Lombok, Indonesia) : a thesis completed and submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resource and Environmental Planning (M.R.P.), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Inequality between sub-district institutions as centres of public services within Mataram City area and the growth of Mataram city's population is projected to be an alarming problem to maintaining a continuous, good quality of public service. At the same time, all government regions, including Mataram City, have to comply with new physical regulations, required to be in existence by the central government of Indonesia, in order to govern each regional territory. These two mandates legitimise the government of Mataram City in the implementation of a programme called the reorganisation of the sub-district by means of a division of sub-district territories and their administrations'. This research attempts to evaluate the implementation of this programme, by focussing on factors such as stakeholders' influence, boundary determination and demography. In addition, it also addresses the assistance to be offered to policymakers in Mataram City, to determine suitable locations for the newly reorganised sub-districts, in terms of public services accessibility for the local community. Many types of research methods were involved, in order to investigate and then evaluate the process of the sub-district reorganisation programme, including the use of interviews and questionnaire instruments for selected city stakeholders. Similar information relating to sub-national reorganisation programme implementation, undertaken by advanced countries, was gained from online sources, to make comparisons with regional government experiences in Indonesia, in order that the criteria of a sub-national reorganisation could be attained. It can be evaluated that the government of Mataram City is the most influential stakeholder in setting up the direction of a sub-district reorganisation programme, although, to some extent, parts of their collaborative planning lay an emphasis on involving other city stakeholders and thus they demonstrate local democracy. However, most of the sub-district reorganisation programme, in the case of Indonesia, is conducted by means of territorial division, to the extent that development financial assistance is available from central government. It can be noted that sub-national reorganisation programmes, in the case of advanced countries, are generally implemented by the use of an amalgamation system, in order to avoid unnecessary expenses during public services provision. The Government of Mataram City believe that, through the reorganisation programme, which divides the existing sub-districts territory, there will be a reduction in the inequality between resources at sub-district level, thus providing direct public services to the growing population. In addition, the demographic situation was considered by the sub-district reorganisation programme team, at a communal meeting, in order to anticipate any escalation of conflict that may occur, due to the multicultural situation in Mataram City. It suggested that the policy to redistribute available resources, at the sub-district level, should be accompanied by a determination to find appropriate locations for the new sub-districts offices in order to provide better public service quality, particularly in relation to accessibility to service centres

A comprehensive fractal approach in determination of the effective thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layers in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

The challenges in the fuel cell industry is to produce the efficient thermal and water management for accurate determination of the effectiveness thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layers (GDL) used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC‟s). This is one of the factors affecting the durability of a fuel cell and need to get a solution to minimize costs and optimize the use of electrodes and cells. The main objectives of this research focus on the capability of the fractal approach for estimation the effectiveness of thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layer. Moreover, on this research also to propose modified fractal equations in determination of the effective thermal conductivity of GDL in PEMFCs based on previous study. Other objectives in this study are demonstrated the thermal conductivity of GDL treated with PTFE contents by using through-plane thermal conductivity experiment method. The through-plane measurement (experiment method) has been used in estimating through-plane thermal conductivity of the GDL. Thermal resistance for GDL also has been investigated under compression pressure 0.1 MPa until 1.0 MPa. In fractal equation, the determination of tortuous and pore fractal dimension can be done by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) method. Determination of effectiveness thermal conductivity using of fractal equation with slightly modified. In findings, it was found that fractal equation have been modified and measured on the GDL parameter characteristics. It was shown that the value of the effectiveness thermal conductivity of the sample using fractal approach is in good agreement with the experimental value. Finally, all the effective thermal conductivity measured by experimental and fractal approach have been determined with the variant temperature and compression pressure to show the validation result between of this two methods

INHIBITING FACTORS IN COMMUNICATION SKILLS DURING THE ONLINE CLASSES

When the pandemic of Covid hit the world in 2020, the teaching and learning activities forced teachers and students to shift to online platforms. This situation provides many obstacles and poses problems. The study's main objective is to examine the factors inhibit communication skills during the online classes of ELED (English Language and Education Department) 2019 students at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. In this study, researchers used qualitative research. Convenient sampling is used to produce a sample based on factors including accessibility, participant consent, availability at a specific moment, and other favorable circumstances. Techniques and instruments used were questionnaires and interviews with a total of 25 questionnaire respondents and 8 respondents in interview. The researchers discovered that students encounter challenges when using online learning. The obstacles experienced by students are divided into two categories: internal and external obstacles. Internal obstacles include disinterest and low self-confidence, while external obstacles include poor internet connectivity, the lecturer's problem of clarity, an unsupportive atmosphere, and adaptation to a new application. With the obstacles experienced by students during online learning, it affects students’ output or learning outcomes, especially in this study where the research found that the development of students in English communication. In this case, researchers found that the development of students after they carried out online classes fell into three categories: increasing, constant, and reducing

Fleksibilitas Hak Perempuan dalam Cerai Gugat di Pengadilan Agama Parepare

This study aimed to know about the flexibility of women's rights in divorce at Parepare Religious Court and how the judge resolved divorce case. This study was conducted with qualitative research with a focus on case studies, with a juridical, socio-anthropological, philosophical and psychological approach. The results of this study shows; 1) Judge's decision in Case No.171/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pare is flexible in deciding divorce case. The case of divorce is a reflection of equality and justice in women's rights to law enforcement in the Religious Courts. Divorced as well as eliminating patriarchal culture by placing women as second class; 2) The judge at Religious Court in Parepare can approve in a divorce case for several reasons as follows; disputes and quarrels occur between husband and wife, the husband persecutes and hurts his wife's body, the husband betrays his wife to another woman.Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji fleksibelitas hak perempuan dalam cerai gugat di Pengadilan Agama Parepare dan bagaimana hakim mengabulkan perkara cerai gugat. Studi ini dilakukan dengan penelitian kualitatif dengan fokus pada studi kasus, dengan pendekatan yuridis, sosio-antropologis, filosofis dan psikologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, 1) Putusan hakim dalam Perkara No.171/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Pare adalah flesibilitas dalam memutus perkara cerai gugat. Perkara cerai gugat adalah refleksi dari kesetaraan dan keadilan dalam hak perempuan kaitannya menegakkan hukum di Pengadilan Agama. Cerai gugat sekaligus menghapus budaya patriarki dengan menempatkan perempuan sebagai second class. 2) Hakim di Pengadilan Agama Parepare mengabulkan perkara cerai gugat dengan beberapa alasan sebagai berikut; perselisihan dan pertengkaran terjadi antara suami dan istri, suami menganiaya dan melukai badan istrinya, dan suami berselingkuh dengan perempuan lain