Breastfeeding the newborn premature in kangaroo method: perceptions about postpartum nursing care

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the perceptions of postpartum women about nursing care to promote breastfeeding the preterm infant in kangaroo care. Method: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, performed with 19 postpartum women. The study setting was the Dona Evangelina Rose Maternity (MDER) located in the southern zone of the Teresina city, PI, specifically in the wards of accommodation special set which are mothers and newborns (NB) preterm and low birth weight, wards of Kangaroo. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview. Results: Grouped into three categories. Conclusion: The study shows that the perception of most women, the care received by nursing staff are commensurate with your role is to take care, guidance and understanding

Outbreak of Type C Botulism in Backyard Poultry in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Background: Botulism is a disease caused by the ingestion of neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, characterized by flaccid paralysis, which can lead to high mortality. They have seven types of neurotoxins (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and, in birds, most cases are attributed to type C. They are considered sources of botulinum toxins where the decomposition of organic matter occurs, like stagnant water and rotting food. The main feature of the disease in birds is ascending symmetric flaccid paralysis. The present study aims to describe an outbreak of type C botulism in backyard poultry in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil.Case: A visit was made to the property with 160 backyard poultry with a history of high mortality in the municipality of Agrolândia, Santa Catarina. Clinical signs were characterized by paralysis of the pelvic limbs, neck and pendular wings, which progressed to death within 48 h. There was a mortality rate of 37.5% (60/160) between March and May 2019. These birds were kept in an overcrowded environment, with different species (chickens, ducks, teals, and turkeys) fed irregularly. The water supplied was provided from kitchen exhaust, accumulating in puddles on the floor that contained organic matter residues such as animal feces, food waste and bone fragments. The disposal of the carcasses of birds that died was in the same enclosure, buried superficially, facilitating the access of other birds to dig them up and consume them. Necropsy was performed on 2 chickens and one duck, no macroscopic or histopathological lesions were observed. Blood, liver, and gastrointestinal content samples were sent for research and identification of botulinum toxin through the serum neutralization test in mice. The presence of type C botulinum toxin was confirmed in the liver chicken of one sampled animals.Discussion: The identification of type C botulism toxin enabled the characterization of the outbreak, which is the toxin most associated with episodes of botulism in birds. It is not always possible to identify the origin of the infection, as intoxication can occur by ingestion of water contaminated with organic waste, however, in this outbreak, as sources of poisoning in birds, it was specified and occurred due to the ingestion of water with organic matter that was stagnant in the floor of the enclosure, and also by ingesting contaminated carcasses present in the area. In subsistence farming, botulism outbreaks are reported with greater frequency in the Northeast and Southeast of Brazil generally, cases in which sanitary conditions and incorrect carcass disposal favor the occurrence of the disease. As noted in the present study, high mortality is a common feature of botulism. The evaluated signs and developed evolution were similar to previous studies, which ranged from 14 to 72 h. The absence of macroscopic and histopathological changes is commonly reported in cases of botulism in domestic animals, since botulinum toxin only causes functional changes, with no tissue damage. The association of clinical signs, epidemiology, post mortem evaluation and detection of type C botulinum toxin concludes the diagnosis of botulism. Avian influenza and Newcastle disease are important diseases that have neurological conditions and high mortality that should be distinguished from botulism. This report confirms the need to associate history, clinical signs, absence of lesions with laboratory research for the diagnosis of botulism in birds. In addition, it reinforces the importance of disclosing basic management measures to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks such as presented in this report.Keywords: Clostridium botulinum, neurotoxin, bird disease, paralysis.Descritores: Clostridium botulinum, neurotoxina, doença de ave, paralisia

Importância das anotações de enfermagem segundo a equipe de enfermagem: implicações profissionais e institucionais

Objetivos: descrever a importância das anotações de enfermagem no prontuário do paciente para a equipe de enfermagem e discutir as implicações profissionais e institucionais dos registros de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa delineada em estudo de caso com análise de conteúdo fundamentada em Bardin. Doze membros da equipe de enfermagem lotados em enfermaria clínica cirúrgica de hospital de ensino de Minas Gerais que foram entrevistados em fevereiro/março/2015. Resultados: emergiram do agrupamento das unidades de análise as categorias: As anotações conferem respaldo para a equipe de enfermagem e conhecimento acerca da evolução do paciente e Momentos e maneiras em que as anotações de enfermagem são realizadas. Conclusão: foi possível perceber que mesmo com grande parte da equipe reconhecendo a importância dessas anotações, a maioria desconhece a legislação e sanções ético-legais advindas das não conformidades. Reconhece-se a limitação desta pesquisa por ter sido desenvolvida em cenário único com número limitado de participantes, que não pretende gerar a partir de seus resultados a universalização dos dados, porém a generalização dos mesmos na medida em que sensibilizem os profissionais em busca da otimização das anotações de enfermagem reveladoras da qualidade assistencial

Importância das anotações de enfermagem segundo a equipe de enfermagem: implicações profissionais e institucionais

Objetivos: descrever a importância das anotações de enfermagem no prontuário do paciente para a equipe de enfermagem e discutir as implicações profissionais e institucionais dos registros de enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa delineada em estudo de caso com análise de conteúdo fundamentada em Bardin. Doze membros da equipe de enfermagem lotados em enfermaria clínica cirúrgica de hospital de ensino de Minas Gerais que foram entrevistados em fevereiro/março/2015. Resultados: emergiram do agrupamento das unidades de análise as categorias: As anotações conferem respaldo para a equipe de enfermagem e conhecimento acerca da evolução do paciente e Momentos e maneiras em que as anotações de enfermagem são realizadas. Conclusão: foi possível perceber que mesmo com grande parte da equipe reconhecendo a importância dessas anotações, a maioria desconhece a legislação e sanções ético-legais advindas das não conformidades. Reconhece-se a limitação desta pesquisa por ter sido desenvolvida em cenário único com número limitado de participantes, que não pretende gerar a partir de seus resultados a universalização dos dados, porém a generalização dos mesmos na medida em que sensibilizem os profissionais em busca da otimização das anotações de enfermagem reveladoras da qualidade assistencial

Cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients

Cytomegalovirus infection is a frequent complication after transplantation. This infection occurs due to transmission from the transplanted organ, due to reactivation of latent infection, or after a primary infection in seronegative patients and can be defined as follows: latent infection, active infection, viral syndrome or invasive disease. This condition occurs mainly between 30 and 90 days after transplantation. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in particular, infection usually occurs within the first 30 days after transplantation and in the presence of graft-versus-host disease. The major risk factors are when the recipient is cytomegalovirus seronegative and the donor is seropositive as well as when lymphocyte-depleting antibodies are used. There are two methods for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection: the pp65 antigenemia assay and polymerase chain reaction. Serology has no value for the diagnosis of active disease, whereas histology of the affected tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis are useful in the diagnosis of invasive disease. Cytomegalovirus disease can be prevented by prophylaxis (the administration of antiviral drugs to all or to a subgroup of patients who are at higher risk of viral replication) or by preemptive therapy (the early diagnosis of viral replication before development of the disease and prescription of antiviral treatment to prevent the appearance of clinical disease). The drug used is intravenous or oral ganciclovir; oral valganciclovir; or, less frequently, valacyclovir. Prophylaxis should continue for 90 to 180 days. Treatment is always indicated in cytomegalovirus disease, and the gold-standard drug is intravenous ganciclovir. Treatment should be given for 2 to 3 weeks and should be continued for an additional 7 days after the first negative result for viremia

Utilização de medidas biométricas para estimar peso vivo em ovinos

The objective was to evaluate the use of biometric measures to estimate body weight of meat-type sheep, using a total of 200 animals, 42 males and 158 females, between 2 and 42 months of age. Anterior and posterior heights, body length, heart girth, width of rump and chest and thigh circumference, were measured. Body compactness was also estimated as body weight/body length. Body weights were related to biometric values through linear regressions. Among the measures used, heart girth, body length and body compactness were the best options for predicting body weight, as their equations had the highest coefficients of determination, low coefficients of variation, and high significance (P <0.0001). In conclusion, the equations generated from the biometric measures of heart girth and body length can be used to estimate the body weight of male and female meat-type sheep of different breeds and ages.Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de medidas biométricas para estimar o peso corporal de ovinos, utilizando um total de 200 ovinos, sendo 42 machos e 158 fêmeas, entre 2 e 42 meses de idade. Realizou-se as medidas de altura anterior e posterior, comprimento de corpo, perímetro torácico, largura de garupa e de peito e perímetro de coxa. Foi estimada também a compacidade corporal. Os pesos foram relacionados aos valores biométricos através de regressões lineares simples, analisadas pelo programa SAS. Dentre as medidas utilizadas, o perímetro torácico, comprimento de corpo e a compacidade corporal apresentaram-se como as melhores opções para predizer o peso vivo, pois apresentaram equações com os mais altos coeficientes de determinação e baixos coeficientes de variação, além de elevada significância (P < 0,0001). Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que as equações geradas a partir das medidas biométricas de perímetro torácico e comprimento de corpo servem para estimar o peso vivo e compacidade corporal de ovinos de corte, machos e fêmeas, de diferentes raças e idades

Bacterial vaginosis, cervical Human Papillomavirus infection and cervical cytological abnormalities in adult women in Central Brazil: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge and occurs when there is an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, predominantly composed of Lactobacillus spp. Human Papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the world. Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papillomavirus genotypes is the main cause of the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Objective: To investigate the association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical Human Papillomavirus infection and between bacterial vaginosis and cervical cytological abnormalities in adult women. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a gynecology outpatient clinic of the public health network. A total of 202 women were included in the study and underwent gynecological examination with cervical specimen collection. Cervical cytopathological examinations and bacterioscopy by the Nugent method were performed to identify bacterial vaginosis, and PCR and reverse hybridization were carried out for Human Papillomavirus detection and genotyping. Bivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical Human Papillomavirus infection, and between bacterial vaginosis and cervical cytological abnormalities. The odds ratio was calculated, with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and 5% significance level (p≤0.05). Results: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 33.2% (67/202), the prevalence of cervical Human Papillomavirus infection was 38.6% (78/202) and the prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities was 6.0% (12/202). Bivariate analysis showed no significant association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical Human Papillomavirus infection (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.37–1.27; p=0.23), or between bacterial vaginosis and cervical cytological abnormalities (OR 0.65; 95%CI 0.17–2.50; p=0.54). Conclusion: In this study, bacterial vaginosis did not represent a risk factor for cervical Human Papillomavirus infection or for the presence of cervical cytological abnormalities in the investigated adult women

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection caused by the P.1 lineage in Araraquara city, Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Reinfection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) has been reported in many countries, suggesting that the virus may continue to circulate among humans despite the possibility of local herd immunity due to massive previous infections. The emergence of variants of concern (VOC) that are more transmissible than the previous circulating ones has raised particular concerns on the vaccines effectiveness and reinfection rates. The P.1 lineage was first identified in December 2020 in Manaus city and is now globally spread. We report the first case of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 caused by the P.1 variant outside of Manaus. The potential of these new variants to escape naturally and vaccine- induced immunity highlights the need for a global vigilance

Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics.

Zika virus (ZIKV) clinical presentation and frequency/duration of shedding need further clarification. Symptomatic ZIKV-infected individuals identified in two hospitals in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were investigated regarding clinical characteristics, shedding in body fluids, and serodynamics. Ninety-four of 235 symptomatic patients (Site A: 58%; Site B: 16%) had Real-Time PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection; fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent, and rash was more frequent compared to ZIKV-negative patients. Real-Time PCR in serum had worse performance compared to plasma, while urine had the highest sensitivity. Shedding in genital fluids and saliva was rare. IgM positivity was the highest 28 days (24%); IgG positivity increased >14 days (96%) remaining positive in 94% of patients >28 days. ZIKV prevalence varied importantly in two neighboring cities during the same transmission season. Urine Real-Time PCR can improve diagnostic sensitivity; serum testing is less useful. Accurate serological tests are needed to improve diagnosis and surveillance