From Concept to Policy: Building Regional Innovation Systems in Follower Regions

In the spirit of “The Lisbon strategy”, public policies are redirecting support from investment-driven policies to knowledge building as the main driver for competitiveness and innovation. This re-orientation poses different challenges to regions and RIS concept may be the central element, simultaneously goal and toolbox, for devising innovation promotion policies. The RIS framework stresses the need to combine a systemic and inclusive view of innovation along with territorially embedded specificities. In this paper we explore how to operationalize the concept of RIS in terms of innovation policy, arguing against a “one size fits all” approach. Concentrating our analysis on follower regions, we bridge the concept of RIS with the structural deficiencies and challenges posing to this kind of regions, for which innovation policy should seek an adequate combination between science push and demand pull perspectives. We also address the importance of taking advantage of the catching-up status, building upon R&D cost-advantages and clustering around external initiatives as well as the correction of important constraints to the construction of a RIS.Innovation, Regional Innovation Systems, Innovation Policy, Follower Regions

Acesso ao meio em redes LoRa com múltiplas gateways de baixo custo

With the emergence of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, as support to Internet of Things (IoT) applications, Long-Range (LoRa) popularity emerged, being actually one of the most up-and-coming LPWAN technologies, despite the low-rate transmissions and duty-cycle restrictions. Such recognition is due to LoRa's suitable characteristics for large-scale IoT networks, which span from long-range communications, guaranteed by its proprietary modulation scheme, to low power consumption, a fundamental feature for IoT sensor networks. The focus of this dissertation is the study of medium access control strategies in large-scale single-channel LoRa networks with multiple gateways with respect to the amount of delivered useful information and network access fairness. Firstly, it is proposed and analysed a medium access control strategy for LoRa networks with multiple single-channel gateways and the same transmission parameters are used by the entire network. It is based on the pure- ALOHA protocol used in LoRa, and each end-device uses control packets to advertise its transmissions. In the following, a new access strategy based on channel hopping is proposed. In this, each ED uses the transmission characteristics that are most convenient to it, with respect to the signal's quality with the single-channel GWs that are in its communication range. These strategies aimed to increase the efficiency of the network, allowing end-devices to transmit faster and increasing the percentage of successfully transmitted packets by reducing the amount of collisions, given the regulation of the competition in the access to the transmission medium.Com o aparecimento das tecnologias Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), como suporte para as aplicações da Internet of Things (IoT), Long- Range (LoRa) tornou-se popular, sendo atualmente uma das tecnologias LPWAN mais promissoras, ainda que as suas transmissões tenham baixas taxas de débito e restrições nos ciclos de trabalho. A popularidade deve-se às características que a tecnologia LoRa possui adequadas para redes IoT de larga escala, que vão desde transmissões de longo alcance, garantidas pelo esquema de modulação que esta utiliza, até ao baixo consumo de energia, aspeto crucial em redes de sensores da IoT. O foco desta dissertação é o estudo de estratégias de controlo de acesso ao meio para redes LoRa de grande escala com canal único e múltiplas gateways, relativamente à quantidade de informação útil entregue e à justiça no acesso ao meio. Inicialmente, é proposto e analisado um esquema de controlo de acesso ao meio para redes LoRa com múltiplas gateways e com um único canal, onde os mesmos parâmetros de transmissão são utilizados por toda a rede. Este é baseado no protocolo ALOHA puro utilizado no LoRa, e cada nó terminal utiliza pacotes de controlo para anunciar as suas transmissões. No seguimento, é proposto uma nova estratégia de acesso ao meio baseado na alteração do canal de transmissão. Neste, cada nó terminal usa as características de transmissão que lhe forem mais favoráveis, relativamente à qualidade de sinal que tem com as gateways que se encontram no seu alcance de comunicação. Estas estratégias visaram aumentar a eficiência da rede, permitindo que os nós terminais transmitam mais rapidamente, e aumentando a percentagem de pacotes transmitidos com sucesso através da redução da quantidade de colisões, possibilitada pela regulação da competição no acesso ao canal de transmissão.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe

Ancient tin production: Slags from the Iron Age Carvalhelhos hillfort (NW Iberian Peninsula)

Provenance and production of tin in the Ancient World has since long been a major topic of discussion among archaeologists. In Western Europe, where significant tin ore (cassiterite) deposits are known, only a few remains of ancient tin production, such as tin slags, have been detected. In the present work, elemental and microstructural analyses by WDXRF, SEM-EDS and XRD were performed on recently recognised tin slags from the Iron Age Carvalhelhos hillfort located in NW Iberia, a territory that represents the largest extension with tin mineralisation in Western Europe. Elemental and microstructural characterisation of cassiterite collected in a pilot field survey in the region of the hillfort are presented and discussed, as well as two ceramic fragments that could be part of a smelting structure and an iron slag from the settlement. Results show that the tin slags have variable but high contents in Sn, similarly to Pre-Medieval tin slags found in other Western European areas, but also high contents of Ta and Nb, which specifically distinguish them from other tin slags, such as those found in SW Britain. Tin ores from the hillfort region frequently have Ta and Nb in cassiterite solid solution or as inclusions of columbite group minerals, relating well with the Carvalhelhos tin slags. Up to present, the Carvalhelhos slags are amongst the very few ancient tin slags known in Western Europe, and their study can contribute to a better knowledge on ancient tin sources and trade routes

Optimization of FPSO Glen Lyon Mooring Lines

During oil and gas inspection and extraction operations both in deep and ultra-deep water, vessel mooring is a very important factor for the development of oil fields. For these depths, standard stand-alone surface facilities e.g. jack up rigs or offshore fixed platforms are not suitable due to the harsh collinear and non-collinear environment in-situ (location, waves, surface and underwater current, sea tides, ice, etc.). For deep sea wells clusters, it is usual to use floating production storage offloading (FPSO) as surface platforms for long time exploitation periods. Subsea expenditure, refers the cost of the subsea project and generally includes the capital expenditures (capex) and operational expenditures (opex). In the production of hydrocarbons capex and opex exponentially increases with increasing depth, resulting in a need for precise detailed design phase for analysis of systems to verify components strength, ductility and fatigue, stiffness, instabilities, corrosion etc. The design of oilfields is most of the times overrated (in a very conservative way) due to several requirements and complex models of costs evaluation. After detailed phase and installation of all facilities and components, as well as due to the expected life design for hydrocarbons exploitation all anchoring system shall withstand the environmental loads in order to not compromise the operation. Each oilfield has a unique development, since environmental phenomena are unique in each earth location. This work refers to the optimization process of an anchoring system for deep waters in the Schiehallion Field, or in other words, the complete development of the mooring system for a FPSO, from the positioning in-situ with environmental conditions and vessel characteristics (Orcaflex), further optimization of the mooring system for an equivalent system (Matlab), mechanical design of the mooring system (CATIA), structural detailed analysis (Altair and Nastran) as fatigue life analysis. In order to reproduce all the mooring process, it is performed and initial comparison of the former FPSO (Schiehallion FPSO) that has been working in-situ since 1993 till its replacement for the new vessel (Glen Lyon FPSO). Due to the latest discoveries in the oilfield, the project has to be redesigned alongside with former wells and having in consideration recent discovered wells. Further optimization of the complete fixation system was verified as well as finally detailed structural analysis of specific components in key locations with higher margin of failure. Within this work, all the methodology which led to the optimization of Glen Lyon mooring lines was fully detailed from vessel analysis to detailed mooring mechanical design, constraints and requirements were applied, trade-offs and assumptions made during this critical development phase are presented and discussed.Durante as operações de prospeção e extração de petróleo e gas em águas profundas e ultra profundas, o fundeamento de navios é um importante fator para o desenvolvimento do campo petrolífero. Para estas profundidades, infra-estruturas convencionais e.g. plataformas petrolíferas não são aplicáveis devido ao ambiente violento colinear e não colinear do local (localização, ondas, correntes subaquáticas e de superfície, marés, etc.). Para conjuntos de poços subaquáticos, é comum o uso de Platformas de produção, armazenamento e descarga (FPSO) como plataforma de superficie para periodos de exploração longos. Os custos subaquaticos referem-se ao custo do projeto marinho e normalmente incluem os custos de capital capex e custos operacionais opex. Na produção de hidrocarbonetos os capex e os opex aumentam exponencialmente com o aumento da profundidade, resultando na necessidade do desenvolvimento da fase de projeto detalhado necessário para análises de componentes para verificar a resistência dos mesmos, dutilidade e fadiga, quer na rigidez, instabilidade, corrosão, etc. O projeto de campos petrolíferos são na maioria das vezes sobreestimados (de forma bastante conservativa) devido a imensos requisitos e modelos complexos de avaliação de custos. Após projeto e instalação de todas as infraestruturas e componentes, assim como durante o longo periodo útil de extração de hidrocarbonetos, toda a ancoragem deve suportar as cargas ambientais de forma a não comprometer a operação. Cada campo petrolífero possui um desenvolvimento singular, uma vez que os fenómenos ambientais são únicos em cada localização do globo terrestre. Este trabalho refere a optimização de um sistema de amarração para águas profundas para o campo de Schiehallion, ou por outras palavras, todo o desenvolvimento de ancoragem de um navio FPSO, desde o posicionamento no local com as forças ambientais e as caracteristicas do navio (Orcaflex), posterior otimização do sistema de ancoragem por um sistema equivalente (Matlab), desenho mecânico do sistema de ancoragem (CATIA), cálculo estrutural detalhado (Altair e Nastran) e análise de vida à fadiga. De forma a reproduzir o processo de ancoragem, é efetuada uma comparação inicial do FPSO inicial (Schiehallion FPSO) que esteve em operação no local desde 1993 até à sua substituição pelo novo navio (Glen Lyon FPSO), através da implementação e gestão do campo petrolífero de acordo com os poços antigos como os poços descobertos recentemente. A posterior otimização de todo o sistema de fixação foi verificada assim como a análise estrutural final detalhada dos componentes específicos em localizações especificas com grande probabilidade de falha. Através deste trabalho, todo o processo que leva à otimização das linhas de amarração do Glen Lyon é completamente detalhado desde a análise do navio ao detalhamento do desenho mecânico, os constrangimentos e requisitos que foram aplicados, estudos e opções efetuadas durante a fase de desenvolvimento crítico são apresentados e discutidos

A fair channel hopping scheme for LoRa Networks with multiple single-channel gateways

LoRa is one of the most prominent LPWAN technologies due to its suitable characteristics for supporting large-scale IoT networks, as it offers long-range communications at low power consumption. The latter is granted mainly because end-nodes transmit directly to the gateways and no energy is spent in multi-hop transmissions. LoRaWAN gateways can successfully receive simultaneous transmissions on multiple channels. However, such gateways can be costly when compared to simpler single-channel LoRa transceivers, and at the same time they are configured to operate with pure-ALOHA, the well-known and fragile channel access scheme used in LoRaWAN. This work presents a fair, control-based channel hopping-based medium access scheme for LoRa networks with multiple single-channel gateways. Compared with the pure-ALOHA used in LoRaWAN, the protocol proposed here achieves higher goodput and fairness levels because each device can choose its most appropriate channel to transmit at a higher rate and spending less energy. Several simulation results considering different network densities and different numbers of single-channel LoRa gateways show that our proposal is able to achieve a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of around 18% for a network size of 2000 end-nodes and one gateway, and a PDR of almost 50% when four LoRa gateways are considered, compared to 2% and 6%, respectively, achieved by the pure-ALOHA approachinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relação entre a morfologia do arco plantar longitudinal medial e a pressão plantar em indivíduos saudáveis

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjetivo: Comparar a pressão plantar e a velocidade do deslocamento do centro de pressão (CdP) entre pés normais, cavos e planos em indivíduos adultos saudáveis. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo observacional, com 26 indivíduos saudáveis, classificados com pés normais (n=22), pés cavos (n=6) e pés planos (n=24) baseado no Foot Posture Index – 6. Os indivíduos caminharam normalmente ao longo de um espaço de 10 metros, enquanto usavam um sistema de análise de pressão plantar F-scan (Tekscan). Utilizaram-se 5 áreas que incluíram o retropé, médiopé, antepé, dedos e pé total. A pressão plantar máxima (PPmáx) e o integral pressão-tempo (IPT) e o centro de pressão (CdP) foram calculados para cada área. Resultados: não foram encontradas alterações significativas (p> 0,05) entre as variáveis PPmáx e o IPT com o arco plantar, no entanto foram encontradas alterações significativas para a velocidade do CdP com o arco plantar (p 0.05) were found between the variables peak pressure (PP), total pressure-time integral (PTI) with the plantar arch, but significant changes were found for the velocity of center of pressure (COP) with the plantar arch (p <0.05). Conclusion: this study confirms that the medial longitudinal plantar arch influences some plantar pressure variables, namely the velocity of COP.N/

Impact Assessment and Recommendations: Making Sense H2020 CAPS Project

The aim of this report is to address the impact of Making Sense, considering not only citizens and communities involved on the ground level, but also the organizations behind it. We chose to aggregate, summarize and break down our review into five dimensions, adopting a STEEP model and looking into sub-topics inside each of them: Social (Values, representations and practices; Community extension effects; Collective events as awareness raising; Internal communication; Inclusion and fairness; Exchanges and synergies with other organisations), Technoscientific (Open hardware, software and other open tools; Training and education; Materials and tools for local communities; Technical and scientific outputs; Open source platforms), Economic (New entrepreneurial initiatives; Alternative relationships with economic assets; Job creation; Direct exploitation and transfer), Environmental (Igniting environmental changes; Reducing environmental harm; Collective measuring and calibration events; Networking effects; Sustainability plan), Policy (New ways and channels of participation; Communities capacity to impact policy decisions; Organisational influence in political or power dynamics). Through our strategies to measure and assess impact we were able to conclude that Making Sense impact goals were clearly fulfilled, recalling its main intended impacts established at the beginning, first divided in societal objectives: “Make visible and tangible the invisible”, “Understand their environment”, “Turn data and insight into compelling stories & action”, “Using public networks of low cost, open source sensors”, and second into desired results: “Better informed, more engaged citizens”, “Impactful dialogues between citizens and governments”, “More data, more insight, better policies”, “More enjoyable, social, inclusive, healthy & livable cities”.JRC.I.2-Foresight, Behavioural Insights and Design for Polic

Modelos teóricos de las relaciones coparentales: revisión crítica

A investigação empírica e teórica sobre a coparentalidade têm crescido ao longo da última década. A aliança parental tem sido conceptualizada como um dos elementos essenciais para a harmonia sistémica da família, bem como responsável pelas trajectórias (des)adaptadas das crianças. O presente artigo teórico, num primeiro momento, define e delimita o construto de coparentalidade, num segundo momento, apresenta três modelos conceptuais da aliança coparental mais referenciados na literatura científica e, no final, discute as vantagens e limitações conceptuais dos quadros teóricos descritos. Este artigo tem como finalidade contribuir para a clarificação deste construto da Psicologia da Família e informar sobre a sua potencialidade na prática psicológica.The empirical and theoretical research on coparenting have grown over the last decade. The parenting alliance has been defined as a key element for systemic harmony of the family as well as responsible for children’s (des)adjusted pathways. This theoretical article, at first, defines and delimits the construct of coparenting, in a second moment, three conceptual models of coparenting alliance most referenced in the scientific literature will be described and, in the end, the advantages and limitations of the conceptual theoretical frameworks described will be discussed. This article aims to contribute to the clarification of this construct of Psychology of Family and report the potential importance of coparenting in psychological practice.La investigación empírica y teórica sobre la coparentalidad ha crecido en la última década. La alianza parental ha sido conceptualizada como un elemento clave para la armonía sistémica de la familia y responsable de las trayectorias (no) desadaptadas de los niños. Este artículo teórico, en primer lugar, define y delimita lo constructo de coparentalidad, en segundo lugar, se describen tres modelos conceptuales de la alianza coparental más referenciada en la literatura científica y, finalmente, analiza las ventajas y limitaciones de los marcos teóricos conceptuales descritos. Este artículo tiene por objeto contribuir a la clarificación de este constructo de la Psicología de la Familia y el informe sobre su potencial importancia en la práctica psicológica.(undefined