Storage stability of whole and nibbed, conventional and high oleic peanuts (<i>Arachis hypogeae </i>L.)

Peanuts are increasingly being used as nibbed ingredients in cereal bars, confectionery and breakfast cereals. However, studies on their oxidative stability in this format are limited. Storage trials to determine the stability to oxidation were carried out on whole and nibbed kernels of conventional (CP) and high oleic (HOP) peanuts, with respect to temperature and modified atmosphere packaging. HOP exhibited the highest oxidative stability, with a lag phase in whole kernels of 12–15 weeks before significant oxidation occurred. HOP also showed higher levels of intrinsic antioxidants, a trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 70 mMol equivalence and radical scavenging percentage (RSP) of 99.8 % at the beginning of storage trials, whereas CP showed values of 40 mMol and 81.2 %, respectively. The intrinsic antioxidants at the beginning of these storage trials were shown to affect the peroxide value (PV), where RSP and TEAC decreased, and PV increased. Therefore, in peanuts the processing format (nibbed or whole) had the highest influence on susceptibility of lipid oxidation, highest to lowest importance: processing format &gt; temperature &gt; atmospheric conditions

Diploma in Education? Rethinking the Curriculum.

For well over half a century the traditional end-on diploma year has been under fire from university departments, students, and the teaching profession. How is it possible in one year for students to reach adequate levels of knowledge and understanding in a large number of subjects, epistemologicalIy diverse and frequently outside their undergraduate experience? The answer of course, is that it is not possible to believe otherwise is to labour under gross delusion. A university department of education, acting with the best of intentions, cannot give more than cursory attention to even the most essential elements of a preservice programme within an abbreviated academic year

A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients' health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings

To compare health-related and cost-related outcomes of consultations for symptoms suggestive of minor ailments in emergency departments (EDs), general practices and community pharmacies

School violence, school differences and school discourses

This article highlights one strand of a study which investigated the concept of the violenceresilient school. In six inner-city secondary schools, data on violent incidents in school and violent crime in the neighbourhood were gathered, and compared with school practices to minimise violence, accessed through interviews. Some degree of association between the patterns of behaviour and school practices was found: schools with a wider range of wellconnected practices seemed to have less difficult behaviour. Interviews also showed that the different schools had different organisational discourses for construing school violence, its possible causes and the possible solutions. Differences in practices are best understood in connection with differences in these discourses. Some of the features of school discourses are outlined, including their range, their core metaphor and their silences. We suggest that organisational discourse is an important concept in explaining school effects and school differences, and that improvement attempts could have clearer regard to this concept

Fast determination of thiacloprid by photoinduced chemiluminescence

This paper was published in Applied Spectroscopy and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/as/abstract.cfm?URI=as-68-6-642. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.A new and sensitive application of the chemiluminescence detection has been developed for the determination of the pesticide thiacloprid in water. It was based on the on-line photoreaction of thiacloprid in basic medium, with quinine acting as sensitizer of the chemiluminescent response; Cerium (IV) in sulfuric acid medium was used as oxidant. A high automation and reproducibility was provided by a flow injection analysis (FIA) manifold. The validation of the method was performed in terms of selectivity, linearity, LOD, precision and accuracy. Liquid chromatography with UV detection was used as reference for mineral, tap, ground and spring water samples. The proposed method is fast (throughput of 130 h-1), sensitive (LOD of 0.8 ng mL-1 without preconcentration steps and 0.08 ng mL-1 with solid phase extraction (SPE)), low-cost and possible to couple with separative methods for the simultaneous determination of other pesticides. The enhanced chemiluminescence intensity was linear with thiacloprid concentration over the (2-80) and (80-800) ng mL-1 ranges. A possible reaction mechanism is also discussed.The authors thank the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional for financial support, Project CTM2006-11991.Catalá Icardo, M.; López Paz, JL.; Pérez Plancha, LM. (2014). Fast determination of thiacloprid by photoinduced chemiluminescence. Applied Spectroscopy. 68(6):642-648. https://doi.org/10.1366/13-07330S642648686Tomizawa, M., & Casida, J. E. (2005). 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J., Cesio, V., Heinzen, H., & Fernández-Alba, A. R. (2011). Trace analysis of pesticides in paddy field water by direct injection using liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1218(30), 4790-4798. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.044Seccia, S., Fidente, P., Montesano, D., & Morrica, P. (2008). Determination of neonicotinoid insecticides residues in bovine milk samples by solid-phase extraction clean-up and liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 1214(1-2), 115-120. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.088Wang, W., Li, Y., Wu, Q., Wang, C., Zang, X., & Wang, Z. (2012). Extraction of neonicotinoid insecticides from environmental water samples with magnetic graphene nanoparticles as adsorbent followed by determination with HPLC. Analytical Methods, 4(3), 766. doi:10.1039/c2ay05734dBi, X., & Yang, K.-L. (2009). On-Line Monitoring Imidacloprid and Thiacloprid in Celery Juice Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance. Analytical Chemistry, 81(2), 527-532. doi:10.1021/ac801786aGámiz-Gracia, L., Garcı́a-Campaña, A. M., Soto-Chinchilla, J. J., Huertas-Pérez, J. F., & González-Casado, A. (2005). Analysis of pesticides by chemiluminescence detection in the liquid phase. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 24(11), 927-942. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2005.05.009Roda, A., & Guardigli, M. (2011). Analytical chemiluminescence and bioluminescence: latest achievements and new horizons. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 402(1), 69-76. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5455-8Du, J., & Li, H. (2010). Sensitive Chemiluminescence Determination of Thirteen Cephalosporin Antibiotics with Luminol—Copper(II) Reaction. Applied Spectroscopy, 64(10), 1154-1159. doi:10.1366/000370210792973613Li, Y., Li, Y., & Yang, Y. (2011). Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Lisinopril Using Luminol–KMnO4 Reaction Catalyzed by Silver Nanoparticles. Applied Spectroscopy, 65(4), 376-381. doi:10.1366/10-06115Catalá-Icardo, M., López-Paz, J. L., Choves-Barón, C., & Peña-Bádena, A. (2012). Native vs photoinduced chemiluminescence in dimethoate determination. Analytica Chimica Acta, 710, 81-87. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.043Mestre, Y. F., Zamora, L. L., & Calatayud, J. M. (2001). Flow-chemiluminescence: a growing modality of pharmaceutical analysis. Luminescence, 16(3), 213-235. doi:10.1002/bio.608Lara, F. J., García-Campaña, A. M., & Aaron, J.-J. (2010). Analytical applications of photoinduced chemiluminescence in flow systems—A review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 679(1-2), 17-30. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.001Icardo, M. C., & Calatayud, J. M. (2008). Photo-Induced Luminescence. 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Determination of nitrite and nitrate by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using on-line post-column photolysis with ultraviolet absorbance and electrochemical detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 452, 295-308. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81454-0Gómez-Benito, C., Meseguer-Lloret, S., & Torres-Cartas, S. (2013). Sensitive determination of Fenamiphos in water samples by flow injection photoinduced chemiluminescence. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 93(2), 152-165. doi:10.1080/03067319.2012.663755CATALÁ-ICARDO, M., LÓPEZ-PAZ, J. L., & PEÑA-BÁDENA, A. (2011). FI-photoinduced Chemiluminescence Method for Diuron Determination in Water Samples. Analytical Sciences, 27(3), 291. doi:10.2116/analsci.27.291Hamilton, D. J., Ambrus, Á., Dieterle, R. M., Felsot, A. S., Harris, C. A., Holland, P. T., … Wong, S.-S. (2003). Regulatory limits for pesticide residues in water (IUPAC Technical Report). 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Lethal microbial blooms delayed freshwater ecosystem recovery following the end-Permian extinction

Harmful algal and bacterial blooms linked to deforestation, soil loss and global warming are increasingly frequent in lakes and rivers. We demonstrate that climate changes and deforestation can drive recurrent microbial blooms, inhibiting the recovery of freshwater ecosystems for hundreds of millennia. From the stratigraphic successions of the Sydney Basin, Australia, our fossil, sedimentary and geochemical data reveal bloom events following forest ecosystem collapse during the most severe mass extinction in Earth’s history, the end- Permian event (EPE; c. 252.2 Ma). Microbial communities proliferated in lowland fresh and brackish waterbodies, with algal concentrations typical of modern blooms. These initiated before any trace of post-extinction recovery vegetation but recurred episodically for \u3e100 kyrs. During the following 3 Myrs, algae and bacteria thrived within short-lived, poorly-oxygenated, and likely toxic lakes and rivers. Comparisons to global deep-time records indicate that microbial blooms are persistent freshwater ecological stressors during warming-driven extinction events

Investigating the missing data mechanism in quality of life outcomes: a comparison of approaches

Background: Missing data is classified as missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) or missing not at random (MNAR). Knowing the mechanism is useful in identifying the most appropriate analysis. The first aim was to compare different methods for identifying this missing data mechanism to determine if they gave consistent conclusions. Secondly, to investigate whether the reminder-response data can be utilised to help identify the missing data mechanism. Methods: Five clinical trial datasets that employed a reminder system at follow-up were used. Some quality of life questionnaires were initially missing, but later recovered through reminders. Four methods of determining the missing data mechanism were applied. Two response data scenarios were considered. Firstly, immediate data only; secondly, all observed responses (including reminder-response). Results: In three of five trials the hypothesis tests found evidence against the MCAR assumption. Logistic regression suggested MAR, but was able to use the reminder-collected data to highlight potential MNAR data in two trials. Conclusion: The four methods were consistent in determining the missingness mechanism. One hypothesis test was preferred as it is applicable with intermittent missingness. Some inconsistencies between the two data scenarios were found. Ignoring the reminder data could potentially give a distorted view of the missingness mechanism. Utilising reminder data allowed the possibility of MNAR to be considered.The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorate. Research Training Fellowship (CZF/1/31

Wigs, disguises and child's play : solidarity in teacher education

It is generally acknowledged that much contemporary education takes place within a dominant audit culture, in which accountability becomes a powerful driver of educational practices. In this culture both pupils and teachers risk being configured as a means to an assessment and target-driven end: pupils are schooled within a particular paradigm of education. The article discusses some ethical issues raised by such schooling, particularly the tensions arising for teachers, and by implication, teacher educators who prepare and support teachers for work in situations where vocational aims and beliefs may be in in conflict with instrumentalist aims. The article offers De Certeau’s concept of ‘la perruque’ to suggest an opening to playful engagement for human ends in education, as a way of contending with and managing the tensions generated. I use the concept to recover a concept of solidarity for teacher educators and teachers to enable ethical teaching in difficult times