Dynamics of fast pattern formation in porous silicon by laser interference

Patterns are fabricated on 290 nm thick nanostructured porous silicon layers by phase-mask laser interference using single pulses of an excimer laser (193 nm, 20 ns pulse duration). The dynamics of pattern formation is studied by measuring in real time the intensity of the diffraction orders 0 and 1 at 633 nm. The results show that a transient pattern is formed upon melting at intensity maxima sites within a time 1-µs) upon melting induced by homogeneous beam exposure and related to the different scenario for releasing the heat from hot regions. The diffraction efficiency of the pattern is finally controlled by a combination of laser fluence and initial thickness of the nanostructured porous silicon layer and the present results open perspectives on heat release management upon laser exposure as well as have potential for alternative routes for switching applications.Postprint (published version

European summer temperatures since Roman times

The spatial context is criticalwhen assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a long-term perspective. Recent international initiatives have expanded the number of high-quality proxy-records and developed new statistical reconstruction methods. These advances allow more rigorous regional past temperature reconstructions and, in turn, the possibility of evaluating climate models on policy-relevant, spatiotemporal scales. Here we provide a new proxy-based, annually-resolved, spatial reconstruction of the European summer (June-August) temperature fields back to 755 CE based on Bayesian hierarchical modelling (BHM), together with estimates of the European mean temperature variation since 138 BCE based on BHM and composite-plus-scaling (CPS). Our reconstructions compare well with independent instrumental and proxy-based temperature estimates, but suggest a larger amplitude in summer temperature variability than previously reported. Both CPS and BHM reconstructions indicate that the mean 20th century European summer temperature was not significantly different from some earlier centuries, including the 1st, 2nd, 8th and 10th centuries CE. The 1st century (in BHM also the 10th century) may even have been slightly warmer than the 20th century, but the difference is not statistically significant. Comparing each 50 yr period with the 1951-2000 period reveals a similar pattern. Recent summers, however, have been unusually warm in the context of the last two millennia and there are no 30 yr periods in either reconstruction that exceed the mean average European summer temperature of the last 3 decades (1986-2015 CE). A comparison with an ensemble of climate model simulations suggests that the reconstructed European summer temperature variability over the period 850-2000 CE reflects changes in both internal variability and external forcing on multi-decadal time-scales. For pan-European temperatures we find slightly better agreement between the reconstruction and the model simulations with high-end estimates for total solar irradiance. Temperature differences between the medieval period, the recent period and the Little Ice Age are larger in the reconstructions than the simulations. This may indicate inflated variability of the reconstructions, a lack of sensitivity and processes to changes in external forcing on the simulated European climate and/or an underestimation of internal variability on centennial and longer time scales

Apendicitis aguda en malrotación intestinal. Reporte de caso.: Acute appendicitis in intestinal malrotation. Case report.

Intestinal malrotation is a congenital abnormality of the embryological rotation of the intestine, it is estimated that more than 90% of patients with intestinal malrotation will be presented in the first 12 months of life. The clinical presentation in adults is manifested in a progressive way that usually occurs during the postprandial period, presenting: intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, peritonitis, food intolerance, among Another. Treatment will depend on presentation, either acute or chronic, requiring emergency laparotomy to determine the cause. There is a case of acute surgical abdomen for acute appendicitis in a 27-year-old patient with intestinal malrotation, with initial clinical presentation of severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, positive lumbar percussion fist, which finally reached a Proper resolution and a good prognosis.La malrotación intestinal es una anormalidad congénita de la rotación embriológica del intestino, se estima que más del 90% de pacientes con malrotación intestinal se presentará en los primeros 12 meses de vida. La presentación clínica en adultos se manifiesta de forma progresiva que ocurre generalmente durante el periodo postprandial, presentándose: vómitos intermitentes, dolor abdominal, pérdida de peso, diarrea crónica, peritonitis, intolerancia alimentaria, entre otros.   El tratamiento dependerá de la presentación, ya sea aguda o crónica, requiriendo laparotomía de emergencia para determinar la causa. Se presenta un caso de abdomen agudo quirúrgico por apendicitis aguda en una paciente mujer de 27 años con malrotación intestinal, con presentación clínica inicial de dolor abdominal intenso, diarrea, puño percusión lumbar positiva, que finalmente llegó a una resolución adecuada y un buen pronóstico

Regional surface temperature simulations over the Iberian Peninsula: evaluation and climate projections

The realism of a specifc confguration of the WRF Regional Climate Model (RCM) to represent the observed temperature evolution over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) in the 1971–2005 period has been analyzed. The E-OBS observational dataset was used for this purpose. Also, the added value of the WRF simulations with respect to the IPSL Earth System Model (ESM) used to drive the WRF RCM was evaluated. In general, WRF presents lower temperatures than in the observations (negative biases) over the IP. These biases are comparatively larger than those of the driving ESM. Once the biases are corrected, WRF provides an added value in terms of a higher spatial representation. WRF introduces more variability in some regions in comparison to gridded observation. Warming trends according to the observations are also well represented by the RCM. In the second part of this study, the projections of future climate performed with both the ESM and the RCM were evaluated for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios during the 21st century. Although both models simulate temperature increases, the RCM simulates a smaller warming than the ESM after the mid-21st century, except for winter. Using the WRF model, the maximum temperature increase reaches 6 ◦C and 3 ◦C for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 in the south east of the Iberian Peninsula by the end of the 21st century, respectively

Summer Whistle Counts, Roadside Counts, and Fall Abundance of Northern Bobwhite

Reliable information on fall abundance of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is important for proper harvest management. Aerial surveys can provide reliable estimates of abundance, but can be expensive. Alternatively, whistle counts and roadside counts are indices of abundance that are relatively inexpensive, simple, and commonly used by biologists. We compared whistle and roadside counts conducted during summer to fall relative abundance (coveys/km) estimates obtained using helicopter surveys. All data were collected at the pasture scale (mean 1⁄4 1,716–2,762 ha) on the King Ranch (334,000 ha), which is comprised of 4 divisions across South Texas. Average survey effort was 245 km/year (1999–2001) and 1,194 km/year (1999–2007) for whistle and roadside counts, respectively, and 48 km/pasture/year (1999–2009) for fall helicopter surveys. Preliminary analyses demonstrate a moderate correlation between whistling bobwhite males and fall relative abundance (r 1⁄4 0.68). We collected age-based (i.e., chicks, juveniles, and adults) and population structure-based (i.e., singles, pairs, or coveys) data for roadside counts. Correlations between roadside counts and fall relative abundance varied by age and population structure. We found moderate correlation between total juveniles and fall relative abundance (r 1⁄4 0.49); all other correlations were low (r 1⁄4 ,0.36). We explore the feasibility of using summer whistle and roadside counts as a surrogate for fall relative abundance and discuss optimum timing to conduct surveys

La enseñanza del Francés en Aragón. Una historia de 450 años

En 1565 Baltasar de Sotomayor publica su ´Grammatica para aprender a leer y escriuir la lengua Francesa conferida con la Castellana´, y Jacques de Liaño su ´Vocabulario´ francés-español. Son los dos primeros manuales impresos en España para la enseñanza del francés. En 1673, Pedro Pablo Billet da a luz en Zaragoza su ´Gramatica francesa´. Dichas obras marcan hitos fundamentales en la tradición editorial de la enseñanza del francés en España. Una tradición de 450 años, iniciada por los primeros maestros de lenguas y secundada en la actualidad por enseñantes de francés de todos los niveles educativos. El presente libro se propone un rápido recorrido por esta historia y un análisis de la situación actual y de las perspectivas de futuro de la enseñanza del francés en Aragón, realizado por quienes son sus protagonistas, profesionales que hacen de esta enseñanza oficio eficaz y vocación decidida. DICLEF (Discurso, Cultura, Lingüística y Enseñanza del Francés) es un grupo de investigación consolidado de la Universidad de Zaragoza, reconocido por el Gobierno de Aragón (H68), y conformado por J. Fidel Corcuera (IP), Chesús Bernal, Pedro Cuenca, Mónica Djian, Antonio Gaspar, Nieves Ibeas, José Ortiz y Javier Vicente