EVASÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO COLÓQUIO INTERNACIONAL DE GESTÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos trabalhos científicos apresentados no Colóquio Internacional de Gestão Universitária – CIGU, que possuem como tema central a evasão na educação superior. Para isso, realizou-se uma bibliotemetria, buscando-se no repositório de trabalhos do evento artigos cujo termo “evasão” foi contemplado no título dos trabalhos. Dos 2.633 artigos já apresentados no CIGU, apenas 28 apresentaram a evasão como foco principal. Destaca-se que, dos trabalhos analisados, houve um equilíbrio entre as abordagens de pesquisa qualitativa (42,86%) e quantitativa (50%). Já em relação à estratégia utilizada, o estudo de caso predominou, com 71,43% dos trabalhos selecionados. Observou-se também que os estudiosos da área ainda tentam compreender as causas desse fenômeno, sem apresentar de maneira mais representativa estratégias que minimizem o abandono escolar. A Educação a Distância – EaD também é um ponto que merece atenção, pois possui características particulares que precisam ser consideradas. Por fim, foi possível perceber que combater a evasão é um grande desafio aos gestores das Instituições de Ensino Superior - IES, já que é necessário olhar de maneira macro para o problema sem perder de vista questões particulares que também impactam nele

Alternativas de conciliación e innovaciones en la oferta deportiva dirigidas a disminuir las barreras para la práctica de actividad física de las personas adultas en España: diferencias de género

En la actualidad, debido a los cambios demográficos acaecidos en las últimas décadas, las personas adultas constituyen aproximadamente la mitad de la población española. En España, aunque se han reducido las desigualdades en el acceso a la práctica deportiva, las mujeres (31%) practican menos deporte que los hombres (49.1%) y las personas adultas continúan siendo uno de los grupos de edad que, junto con los mayores, menos deporte practica (36%)(García y Llopis, 2011). Esta situación impide a un importante segmento de población acceder a los beneficios sociales y de salud que se obtienen con la práctica de actividades físico-deportivas, además de poder afectar negativamente a la práctica deportiva de las futuras generaciones y al gasto sanitario español

Acúmulo de prolina em cana-de-açúcar sob estresse hídrico ou submetida ao ataque de cigarrinha-das-raízes

A cigarrinha-das-raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) tornou-se uma praga importante da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na região centro-sul do Brasil. Estratégias de controle têm sido desenvolvidas, mas os danos promovidos por essa praga e sua interação com a cana-de-açúcar ainda são pouco caracterizados. Em altos níveis de infestação da praga, os sintomas nas plantas são muito semelhantes à restrição hídrica severa. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar se o estresse promovido pela infestação de ninfas de cigarrinha-das-raízes resulta em acúmulo de prolina livre, além de comparar dois genótipos de cana-de-açúcar quanto à tolerância ao déficit hídrico. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 4 com duas cultivares (SP80-1816 e RB72454), dois níveis de estresse (controle e dez ninfas por planta ou 50% de restrição hídrica) e quatro épocas. O déficit hídrico promovido por M. fimbriolata não resultou em acúmulo de prolina, ilustrando a existência de mecanismos distintos para a percepção do estresse hídrico promovido pela praga e pela variação no potencial osmótico nas células das raízes. A cultivar RB72454 acumula maiores teores de prolina livre, e o acúmulo de massa seca e o crescimento dos colmos são menos afetados nessa cultivar sob restrição hídrica. Os teores de solutos compatíveis provavelmente não podem ser utilizados para quantificar o estresse promovido por M. fimbriolata em cana-de-açúcar. A cultivar RB72454 é mais tolerante ao déficit hídrico do que a cultivar SP80-1816.Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) has become a key pest in the sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) fields of center-south Brazil. Although some control technologies have shown to be efficient, the damage promoted by this spittlebug species and its interaction with sugarcane are poorly characterized. At high infestation levels the symptoms are similar to those of severe water restriction. This work was conducted to determine whether the stress promoted by spittlebug infestation can be measured in terms of free proline accumulation. The water restriction tolerance of two sugarcane genotypes was also compared. Two experiments were set up in a greenhouse and arranged in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial, with two cultivars (SP80-1816 and RB72454), two stress levels (control and ten nymphs per plant or 50% water restriction), and four sampling dates. The water deficit caused by spittlebug nymphs sucking xylem sap does not result in proline accumulation, illustrating that there are different mechanisms to sense when the water deficit is caused by insect feeding or water potential variation in root cells. The cultivar RB72454 accumulates more free-proline, and the dry mass accumulation and stalk growth are less affected in this cultivar under water restriction. The levels of compatible solutes probably cannot be used to measure spittlebug infestation stress in sugarcane and RB72454 is more tolerant to water shortage than SP80-1816

Comparison of satisfaction, motivation, flexibility and delayed onset muscle soreness between modern Pilates method and unstable Pilates method

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a satisfação e motivação para a prática de exercício físico, flexibilidade e dor muscular tardia (DMT) em participantes saudáveis após exercícios de duas modalidades do método Pilates. Para isso, cinquenta participantes saudáveis realizaram uma sessão de exercícios do Pilates moderno e outra do Pilates instável. Foram avaliados os desfechos satisfação e motivação após as sessões, flexibilidade posterior do tronco e membros inferiores (banco de Wells) antes e após cada sessão, e DMT 24, 48 e 72 horas após cada sessão (Escala Numérica de Dor). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as duas modalidades do Pilates para satisfação e motivação, flexibilidade e DMT 72 horas após a sessão (p>;0,05). Para a DMT foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as duas modalidades 24 horas (diferença entre as médias: -0,7; IC a 95%: -1,5 a 0,0) e 48 horas (diferença entre as médias: -0,8; IC a 95%: -1,4 a -0,2) após a sessão, com maior dor no Pilates instável. Como conclusão, as duas modalidades do Pilates apresentaram o mesmo nível de satisfação e motivação e ganho similar de flexibilidade. No entanto, o Pilates instável causou mais DMT após 24 e 48 horas, mas essa diferença não foi clinicamente relevante.El objetivo de este estudio ha sido comparar la satisfacción y motivación para la práctica de ejercicio físico, flexibilidad y dolor muscular tardío (DMT) en participantes sanos después de ejercicios de dos modalidades del método Pilates. Para ello, cincuenta participantes sanos realizaron una sesión de ejercicios del Pilates moderno y otra del Pilates inestable. Se evaluaron los resultados de satisfacción y motivación después de las sesiones, flexibilidad posterior del tronco y miembros inferiores (banco de Wells) antes y después de cada sesión, y DMT 24, 48 y 72 horas después de cada sesión (Escala Numérica de Dolor). Los resultados mostraron que no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las dos modalidades del Pilates para satisfacción y motivación, flexibilidad y DMT 72 horas después de la sesión (p>;0.05). Para la DMT se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las dos modalidades 24 horas (diferencia entre las medias: -0.7, IC a 95%: -1.5 a 0.0) y 48 horas (diferencia entre las medias: -0.8, IC a 95%: -1.4 a -0.2) después de la sesión, con mayor dolor en el Pilates inestable. Como conclusión, las dos modalidades del Pilates presentaron el mismo nivel de satisfacción y motivación y benificio similar de flexibilidad. Sin embargo, el Pilates inestable causó más DMT después de 24 y 48 horas, pero esa diferencia no ha sido clínicamente relevante.The aim of our study was to compare the satisfaction and motivation for the practice of exercise, flexibility and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in healthy participants after exercises in two types of the Pilates method. For this, 50 healthy participants performed a session of exercises of modern Pilates and other of unstable Pilates. We evaluated the outcomes for satisfaction and motivation after sessions, posterior flexibility of the torso and lower extremities (sit-and-reach box) before and after each session, and DOMS 24, 48 and 72 hours after each session (Numeric Pain Rating Scale). Results showed no statistically significant difference between both types of Pilates for satisfaction and motivation, flexibility and DOMS 72 hours after the session (p>;0.05). Regarding the DOMS we observed statistically significant difference between the two types 24 hours (difference between the means: -0.7; 95%CI: -1.5 to 0.0) and 48 hours (difference between means: -0.8; 95%CI: -1.4 to -0.2) after the session, with greater pain in unstable Pilates. As a conclusion, both categories of Pilates showed the same level of satisfaction and motivation and similar flexibility gain. However, unstable Pilates caused more DOMS after 24 and 48 hours, but this difference was not clinically relevant

Biometric Measures, Body Score and Body Mass Index Evaluation in Wild Coatis (Nasua Nasua) Living in the South-Central Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

Background: Coatis (Nasua nasua) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. The proximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eating habits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals’ energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body mass to evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis (Nasua nasua) living in urban areas.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen (16) wild coatis (Nasua nasua), nine females and seven males, were captured at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals were anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. The following variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two body mass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well as the body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantly higher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlation between fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation between BMI2 and body weight, and BCS, than between BMI1 and these two parameters.Discussion: Anthropogenic interactions could change the body condition of these animals and make them prone to obesity, since their body condition scores were altered. With regard to the nutritional body condition, although males were bigger than females, the measures did not show significant differences between them. Results of this parameter varied in different studies with coatis, some studies have shown that males have body mass 1/3 higher than that of females and others have not recorded any difference between sexes. Fat percentage estimated through the metrics used in cats is not a good method when it is applied alone in body condition evaluations. A study that has correlated body mass, body condition score, body fat estimates, body mass index and abdominal circumference recorded positive results between these two evaluation methods. Such finding corroborated with the present study, but it was differed from it in abdominal circumference, which did not correlate to the two body mass indices and to body fat percentage. Therefore, it is possible saying that there is biometric difference between male and female coatis. The body condition score adopted for dogs was efficient for coatis (Nasua nasua), as well as the body mass index used for dogs and cats – the one used for cats was even more efficient. The proximity wild coatis (Nasua nasua) have to humans could change the body condition of these animals and make them prone to obesity

Análise biomecânica do tronco e pelve em exercícios do método pilates: revisão sistemática

O método pilates é atualmente utilizado na reabilitação e na prática de atividade física. Alguns estudos investigaram sua eficácia no tratamento de condições específicas, mas informações sobre a avaliação biomecânica durante a realização dos exercícios ainda são escassas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais com avaliação biomecânica durante os exercícios baseados no método pilates. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus e PubMed. Alguns dos termos relacionados à biomecânica e pilates, como "cinemática" e "eletromiografia", foram interligados por or/and. A análise da qualidade metodológica e da captação do sinal eletromiográfico foi baseada nas diretrizes do STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) e dos Standards for Reporting EMG Data do ISEK, respectivamente. Dos 14 estudos incluídos na revisão sistemática, apenas um utilizou o desenho de estudo transversal do tipo caso e controle. Exercícios de pilates realizados no solo e os músculos multífidos foram os mais avaliados, utilizando principalmente a avaliação eletromiográfica. Os resultados dos estudos permitiram observar que os músculos multífidos foram os mais ativados em alguns exercícios do método pilates e que a ativação muscular é dependente da posição do praticante e da posição das molas. Os 14 estudos publicados possuem qualidade metodológica satisfatória, mas a maioria deles possui descrição incompleta dos registros eletromiográficos. Assim, podemos sugerir que a mudança de posicionamento do praticante/molas e a escolha dos exercícios interferem diretamente na ativação muscular durante a realização de exercícios.La acumulación de la grasa torácica puede contribuir a la reducción de la movilidad torácica (MT) con disminución del volumen pulmonar. También las alteraciones de la MT pueden ocurrir en el envejecimiento, debido a la progresiva calcificación de las articulaciones implicadas en los movimientos respiratorios y a la reducción de los espacios intervertebrales. Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de verificar la influencia de la edad, de las características antropométricas y de la distribución de grasa corporal en conductas de la MT de mujeres, así como verificar cuál de las variables es la más relevante para la MT. Se trata de un estudio transversal, del cual participaron 100 mujeres con edades entre 25 y 75 años y con índice de masa corporal (IMC) entre 18,5 y 55kg/m2. Se midieron las circunferencias del cuello (CC), de la cintura, de las caderas y la relación entre cintura/cadera. Se evaluó la MT a través de la cirtometría torácica en los niveles axilar y xifoides y, tras realizarse las tres mediciones, se determinó la MT por la diferencia entre el valor más grande obtenido en la inspiración y el menor valor en la espiración. Se emplearon los test de correlación y de regresión lineal múltiple. Mediante las correlaciones significativas, los resultados demostraron que la MT disminuye debido al aumento de edad y a la obesidad. La CC tuvo mayor influencia (16,60%) bajo la MT en el nivel axilar y el IMC en el nivel xifoides (18,16%). Se concluyó que la MT redujo con el envejecimiento y la obesidad, y que la acumulación de grasa en el cuello y el aumento del IMC son los factores que más influyen en el comprometimiento de la MT de mujeres.The pilates method is currently used in the rehabilitation and practice of physical activity. Some studies have investigated the effectiveness of the pilates method in the treatment of specific conditions, but information about the Biomechanical evaluation during the exercises are still scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of observational studies with biomechanical evaluation during the exercises based on the pilates method. The search was conducted based on data of the EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and PubMed databases. Some of the terms related to Biomechanics and pilates, as "cinematic" and "electromyography", were connected by or/and. The analysis of the methodological quality and electromyographic signal capture was based on the guidelines of STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) and Standards for Reporting EMG Data of ISEK, respectively. Of the 14 studies included in a systematic review, only one cross-sectional study design was used of the case and control type. pilates exercises carried out in the soil and multifidus muscles were the most evaluated, using mainly the electromyographic evaluation. The results of the studies made it possible to observe that the multifidus muscles were the most used in some exercises of the pilates method and muscle activation is dependent upon the position of the practitioner and the position of the springs. The 14 studies published have a satisfactory methodological quality, but most of them have incomplete description of electromyography records. Thus, we can suggest that the change of positioningof the practitioner/springs and the choice of exercises interfere directly in the muscle activation during exercises of the pilates method

Use of cashew gum combined with galactomannan for encapsulation of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil

Encapsulating matrices are important to maintain the properties, promote the low and controlled release, and avoid these bioactive compounds' undesirable reactions. This study's objective was to evaluate cashew gum (CG) use combined with galactomannan (GAL) in the rosemary essential oil encapsulation by atomization. During the emulsification, the polysaccharides were crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate. The particles obtained after encapsulation were evaluated for moisture, solubility, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, antimicrobial activity, and chemical composition of the essential oil volatiles. GAL/CG blend showed higher encapsulation efficiency and lower oil release than the cashew gum matrix. Undoubtedly, galactomannan combined with cashew gum improved the microparticles' characteristics due to the galactomannan's high emulsifying property even in low concentration. Essential oil maintained its antimicrobial and chemical properties practically after the encapsulation procedure

Antigenotoxic Effects of Piquia (Caryocar villosum) in Multiple Rat Organs

This study investigated the in vivo genotoxicity of piquia pulp (Caryocar villosum) and its potential antigenotoxicity on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage by comet assay and micronucleus test. In addition, the phytochemicals present in piquia pulp were determined. Piquia fruit pulp (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg b.w.) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats for 14 days, and the animals received an injection of saline or DXR (15 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) 24 h before they were euthanized. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carotenoids; phenolic compounds, including flavonoids; tannins and alpha-tocopherol in piquia pulp. No statistically significant differences were observed in the evaluated parameters, demonstrating the absence of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of piquia pulp at all tested doses. In liver, kidney, cardiac and bone marrow cells, piquia significantly reduced the DNA damage induced by DXR. Our results showed that the lowest piquia dose caused the largest decrease in DNA damage and the highest dose caused the smallest decrease, demonstrating an inverse dose-response of piquia pulp. Furthermore, we observed a difference in the potential antigenotoxic effects in several tissues. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that piquia pulp was not genotoxic and inhibited the genotoxicity induced by DXR, but some of the protective effects that were observed depended on the doses and experimental conditions. Therefore, further investigations are needed to clarify how piquia pulp positively affects human health.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2009/15692-0, 2005/59552-6]Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES