Inmigración internacional y movilidad entre sectores: Una exploración de escenarios alternativos para España

Este trabajo explora los efectos económicos de la inmigración internacional en España a través de la construcción de un modelo de equilibrio general computable. Uno de los aspectos en los que se centra el trabajo es la influencia que tiene el grado de movilidad intersectorial de los trabajadores extranjeros, planteando dos escenarios alternativos: uno de perfecta movilidad y otro en el cual únicamente pueden trabajar en tres sectores concretos. Otra cuestión que se toma en cuenta a la hora de plantear las simulaciones es el grado de discriminación salarial de los inmigrantes frente a los trabajadores nativos. Los resultados sugieren que la selección de sectores estratégicos para recibir a los inmigrantes es un factor que mejoraría los efectos económicos de la inmigración. El régimen salarial es también un parámetro importante para explicar el impacto en el corto y en el largo [email protected]

Shifts in the Beveridge Curve in spain and their macroeconomic effects.

In this article, we construct a homogeneous series of vacancies for the Spanish economy from 1980 to 2016, which enables us to perform an analysis of the effects of the economic cycle on the relationship between unemployment and vacancies. The methodology proposes a link between the old series of vacancies from the former INEM (National Employment Institute) and the new series from Eurostat. To that end, we use the information from the Short-Term Labour Survey. An analysis of this new homogeneous series shows that the Beveridge curve shifted between 2008 and 2009 due to the worse efficiency of the process of matching vacancies and unemployed workers. A simulation of the macroeconomic effects of this fall in efficiency in a general equilibrium model for Spain generates movements in GDP and employment in the same direction as those actually observed in the crisis, albeit of lesser magnitude. The evidence offered shows that since 2014, the Beveridge curve has gradually been recovering its pre-crisis position, with a consequent decline in the unemployment rate

An Open-set Recognition and Few-Shot Learning Dataset for Audio Event Classification in Domestic Environments

The problem of training a deep neural network with a small set of positive samples is known as few-shot learning (FSL). It is widely known that traditional deep learning (DL) algorithms usually show very good performance when trained with large datasets. However, in many applications, it is not possible to obtain such a high number of samples. In the image domain, typical FSL applications are those related to face recognition. In the audio domain, music fraud or speaker recognition can be clearly benefited from FSL methods. This paper deals with the application of FSL to the detection of specific and intentional acoustic events given by different types of sound alarms, such as door bells or fire alarms, using a limited number of samples. These sounds typically occur in domestic environments where many events corresponding to a wide variety of sound classes take place. Therefore, the detection of such alarms in a practical scenario can be considered an open-set recognition (OSR) problem. To address the lack of a dedicated public dataset for audio FSL, researchers usually make modifications on other available datasets. This paper is aimed at providing the audio recognition community with a carefully annotated dataset for FSL and OSR comprised of 1360 clips from 34 classes divided into pattern sounds and unwanted sounds. To facilitate and promote research in this area, results with two baseline systems (one trained from scratch and another based on transfer learning), are presented.Comment: To be submitted to Expert System with Application

The stabilizing effects of economic policies in Spain in times of COVID-19

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the stabilizing macroeconomic effects of economic policies during the COVID-19 crisis in Spain. Design/methodology/approach The contribution of the structural shocks that explain the behaviour of the main macroeconomic aggregates during 2020 are estimated, and the effects of economic policies are simulated using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model estimated for the Spanish economy. Findings The results highlight the importance of supply and demand shocks in explaining the COVID-19 crisis. The annual fall in gross domestic product (GDP) moderates at least by 7.6 points in the most intense period of the crisis, thanks to these stabilizing policies. Finally, the potential effects of Next Generation EU in the Spanish economy are estimated. Assuming that Spain may receive from the EU between 1.5 and 2.25 percentage points (pp) of GDP, activity could increase to between 2 and 3 pp in 2024. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the exercises and findings are original. All these results show the usefulness of a DSGE model, such as the estimated rational expectation model for Spain, as a practical tool for the applied economic analysis, the macroeconomic assessment of economic policies and the understanding of the Spanish economy