Chistes y agudeses del astut i rústic Bertoldo

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Tendencias y réplicas en clave internacional

Como en el artículo anterior, los autores formulan algunos tópicos y les dan respuesta a partir de los resultados de PISA analizados por países. Se abordan, así, cuestiones relacionadas con la excelencia del sistema y con su equidad, en un intento de evitar afirmaciones simplistas y de abrir nuevos interrogantes

Llibre de festejá : lo cual se pot compendre [sic] de varies maneres

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Respuesta a ciertos tópicos en clave autonómica

¿Los chicos obtienen mejores resultados que las chicas? ¿La LOGSE es culpable de todos los males? ¿El alumnado de la privada es mejor valorado que el de la pública? ¿La presencia de familias inmigrantes incide en los resultados? Estas y otras cuestiones se abordan a la luz del análisis por comunidades autónomas porque, a pesar de compartir un único sistema educativo, las diferencias entre territorios son notables.Los análisis que se presentan en este artículo están fundamentados en una investigación que los autores están realizando en la actualidad por encargo de la Fundación Jaume Bofill bajo el título "El proyecto PISA 2006 en Cataluña: una mirada a las desigualdades educativas". Pertenecen al Grupo Interuniversitario sobre Políticas Educativas (GIPE). Ferran Ferrer y Òscar Valiente son profesores de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Monocarboxylate transporter 1 mediates DL-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid transport across the apical membrane of Caco-2 cell monolayers.

The methionine hydroxy analogue DL-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid (DL-HMB) is a supplementary source of methionine commonlyadded to commercial animal diets to satisfy the total sulfur amino acid requirement. In this study, we characterized DL-HMB transport acrossthe apical membrane of Caco-2 cells to identify the transport mechanism involved in the intestinal absorption of this methionine source. DLHMBtransport induced a significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and was inhibited in the presence of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone. Moreover, both Na1 removal and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride, an inhibitor of apical Na1/H1 exchanger(NHE3), significantly reduced substrate uptake and pHi recovery, suggesting cooperation between H1-dependent DL-HMB transport and NHE3activity. cis-Inhibition experiments with L-Ala, b-Ala, D-Pro, betaine, or glycyl-sarcosine excluded the participation of systems proton amino acidtransporter 1 and peptide transporter 1. In contrast, a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate, phloretin, L-lactate, b-hydroxybutyrate, butyrate, andpyruvate, inhibitors and substrates of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), significantly reduced DL-HMB uptake. Dixon plot analysis of Llactatetransport in the presence of DL-HMB revealed a competitive interaction (inhibition constant, 17.5 6 0.11 mmol/L), confirming theparticipation of system MCT1. The kinetics of DL-HMB uptake was described by a model involving passive diffusion and a single low-affinity,high-capacity transport mechanism (KD, 1.9 nL/mg protein; Km, 13.16 0.04 mmol/L; and Vmax, 43.6 6 0.14 pmol/mg protein) compatible withMCT1 kinetic characteristics. In conclusion, the methionine hydroxy analogue is transported in Caco-2 cell apical membrane by a transportmechanism with functional characteristics similar to those of MCT1.</p

PGE2 promotes Ca2+-mediated epithelial barrier disruption through EP1 and EP4 receptors in Caco-2 cell monolayers

We recently demonstrated that PGE(2) induces the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier function. In the present study, our objectives were to study the role of PGE(2) receptors (EP(1)-EP(4)) and the signaling pathways involved in this event. Paracellular permeability (PP) was assessed in differentiated Caco-2 cell cultures from d-mannitol fluxes and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the presence of different PGE(2) receptor agonists (carbacyclin, sulprostone, butaprost, ONO-AE1-259, ONO-AE-248, GR63799, and ONO-AE1-329) and antagonists (ONO-8711, SC-19220, AH-6809, ONO-AE3-240, ONO-AE3-208, and AH-23848). The results indicate that EP(1) and EP(4) but not EP(2) and EP(3) might be involved in PP regulation. These effects were mediated through PLC-inositol trisphosphate (IP(3))-Ca(2+) and cAMP-PKA signaling pathways, respectively. We also observed an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) strengthened by cAMP formation indicating a cross talk interaction of these two pathways. Moreover, the participation of a conventional PKC isoform was shown. The results also indicate that the increase in PP may be correlated with the redistribution of occludin, zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), and the perijunctional actin ring together with an increase in myosin light chain kinase activity. Although the disruption of epithelial barrier function observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients has been traditionally attributed to cytokines, the present study focused on the role of PGE(2) in PP regulation, as mucosal levels of this eicosanoid are also increased in these inflammatory processes.</p

Reflexiones en torno a los enterramientos de la Edad del Bronce en las tierras valencianas. A propósito de la Cova de l’Esbarzer (la Vall de Gallinera, Alacant)

Con ocasión de una reciente síntesis sobre la Edad del Bronce en el Comtat (Hernández y Mataix, 2015) tuvimos ocasión de estudiar los yacimientos y materiales adscritos a esta etapa de nuestra Prehistoria que a lo largo de varias décadas de trabajos de campo miembros del Centre d’Estudis Contestans –C.E.C.- han depositado, junto a la documentación correspondiente, en el Museu Arqueològic i Etnològic del Comtat, en Cocentaina (Ferrer, 2002). Con la ayuda inestimable de Pere Ferrer i Marset, que participó activamente en todas aquellas actuaciones arqueológicas, tuvimos conocimiento de primera mano de los trabajos realizados en los yacimientos que en el registro del museo se identifican como de la Edad del Bronce y se localizan en las tierras montañosas de la actual provincia de Alicante, incluidas en el Prebético Meridional Valenciano, sobre la que en estos momento se última su estudio

Structural control of inherited salt structures during inversion of a domino basement-fault system from an analogue modelling approach

The geometries of inverted rift systems are different depending on a large variety of factors that include, among others, the presence of decoupling layers, the thickness of the pre- and syn-extension successions, or structural inheritances. Our study focuses on the inversion of an extensional domino-style basement-fault system with a pre-extension salt layer using analogue models to understand the role of pre-existing structural features during inversion. Models investigate how different overburden and salt thicknesses, inherited extensional structures, and salt distributions condition the evolution during inversion. The experimental results show that models with thick salt can partially or totally preserve the extensional ramp-syncline basin geometry independently of the overburden thickness. In contrast, models with a thin salt layer result in a total inversion of the ramp-syncline basins with the development of crestal collapse grabens and extensional faults affecting the overburden. Inversion also triggered the growth or reactivation of salt-related structures such as primary weld reopening and/or obliteration, diapir rejuvenation, salt thickening, or thrust emplacement. The use of analogue modelling allowed us to address the processes that controlled the growth and evolution of these structural elements during the inversion. Experimental results also provide a template of different structural styles resulting from the positive inversion of basins with a pre-extensional salt layer that can help subsurface interpretation in areas with poor seismic imaging

Feasibility of face mask spirometry during decannulation in head and neck surgery : prospective cohort study

Objectives: To analyse the relationship between spirometric parameters measured with a face mask versus a mouthpiece, as well as the feasibility of face mask spirometric evaluation in a head and neck surgery (HNS) decannulation context. Furthermore, we examine peak inspiratory flow (PIF) cut-off values before and after decannulation. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Otolaryngology HNS Department of a university teaching hospital. Participants: Twenty-four patients were selected. A maximal flow-volume loop was conducted before (with mouthpiece) and after (with mouthpiece and face mask) decannulation. Main outcome measures: Recorded outcomes were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second, peak expiratory flow, PIF, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC and forced inspiratory flow at 50% of FVC. Spearman correlation coefficients between spirometric parameters measured with a face mask versus a mouthpiece were calculated. Wilcoxon test was used to check differences between mouthpiece and face mask values. Results: Correlation between mouthpiece and face mask spirometric values was moderate to high (r = 0.46-0.95). All parameters measured by spirometry were significantly lower with a face mask than those obtained with a mouthpiece (p < 0.05). Before decannulation, the lowest PIF value (tested with mouthpiece) that allowed successful decannulation was 1 L/s. After decannulation, the lowest PIF value tested with mouthpiece and face mask for successful completion of the decannulation process were 0.77 and 0.56 L/s, respectively. Conclusion: Face mask is a feasible option to perform a spirometry when face diseases hinder spirometric evaluation through a mouthpiece in an HNC surgery context