OCORRÊNCIA DE TRIATOMÍNEOS EM AMBIENTES INTRA E PERIDOMICILIARES DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAMPOS SALES, CEARÁ

The present study aimed to verify the occurrence of triatominic in the intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary environments of rural and outskirts areas of the municipality of Campos Sales – CE and the infection of these insects by Trypanosoma cruzi. Secondary data on triatomines and their infectivity were obtained from the Municipal Health Secretary and the 20th Regional Health Coordination of the Chagas Disease Control Program. Data analysis showed that 4.77% of the residences were infested by the Triatominae species Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, Panstrongylus megistus and P. lutzi, with 83.1% of the samples captured in the peridomicile area. The species Triatoma brasiliensis had a higher incidence in the intradomiciliary environment while T. pseudomaculata had a higher incidence in the peridomicile. The general infection rate of triatomines by T. cruzi was 1.82%, with P. lutzi being the species with the highest infection percentage, 16.67%. All samples of this species were captured inside the residences. The infection percentage was 3.23% in the intradomicile and 1.54% in the peridomicile area. The fact that most of the triatomines infected by Trypanosoma cruzi have been captured inside the residences increases the possibility that the residents of Campos Sales are infected or will acquire the Chagas disease, besides serving as reservoir for the disease. Keywords: Triatominae, ecotopes, Chagas disease.O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de triatomíneos nos ambientes intra e peridomiciliares de áreas ru­­rais e periféricas do município de Campos Sales–CE e a infecção destes insetos pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Os dados secundários sobre os triatomíneos e sua infectividade foram obtidos junto à Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e na 20ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde do Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas. Análises dos dados demonstraram que 4,77% dos domicílios estavam infestados por triatomíneos das espécies Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, Panstrongylus megistus e P. lutzi, sendo 83,1% dos exemplares capturados no peridomicílio. A espécie T. brasiliensis teve maior incidência no ambiente intradomiciliar e a T. pseudomaculata no peridomicílio. O índice geral de infecção dos triatomíneos por T. cruzi foi de 1,82%, sendo P. lutzi a espécie com maior percentual de infecção 16,67% e todos os exemplares desta espécie foram capturadas dentro das residências. O percentual de infecção foi de 3,23% no intradomicílio e de 1,54% no peridomicílio. O fato da maioria dos triatomíneos infectados pelo T. cruzi ter sido capturados no interior das residências, aumenta a possibilidade de campossalenses estarem com a doença de Chagas ou vir a adquirir, bem como servirem de reservatórios da doença.Palavras-chave: Triatominae, ecótopos, doença de Chagas

VIGILÂNCIA SOROLÓGICA DA LEISHMANIOSE HUMANA E CANINA NO MUNICÍPIO DE FARIAS BRITO, ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL

This article aims to analyze canine serological surveys in the municipality of Farias Brito, Ceará State, and relate the occurrence areas of dogs and humans diagnosed with some form of leishmaniasis in 2014 and 2015. This is a quantitative and descriptive research, which analyzed secondary data obtained from the Leishmaniosis Control Program of the Municipal Secretary of Farias Brito, as well as from the database of Information System of Notification Injury. Of 431 analyzed animals, 63,34% were positive in DPP test and 45,42% were positive in ELISA. 77,87% of these lived in urban areas and 75,36% were aged greater or equal four years. During the studied period, 28 cases of leishmaniasis in humans were diagnosed, most of them in men; 42,86% of the cases were of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with greater occurrence in rural areas, and 57,14% of visceral leishmaniasis, more prevalent in urban areas. It was concluded that the incidence of dogs that reacted to leishmaniasis was high, and that they lived in specific areas of the city that have had confirmed cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and American Visceral Leishmaniasis. Therefore, is possible that dogs are acting as a reservoir for the disease and may be the only means of transmission in the study area.Keywords: Dogs; reservoirs; human disease.Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar inquéritos sorológicos canino no município de Farias Brito, estado do Ceará e, realizar uma relação entre áreas de ocorrências dos cães e de humanos diagnosticado com algum tipo de leishmaniose entre os anos de 2014 e 2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, onde se analisou dados secundários obtidos junto ao Programa de Controle das Leishmanioses da Secretaria Municipal de Farias Brito e do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Dos 431 animais analisados, 63,34% estavam positivos no teste DPP e 45,42% no ELISA, dos quais 77,87% viviam em áreas urbanas e 75,36% tinham idade maior ou igual quatro anos. No período estudado, foram diagnosticados 28 casos de leishmaniose em humanos, sendo maior parte do sexo masculino. Um total de 42,86% dos casos foram de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, com maior ocorrência em áreas rurais, e 57,14% de leishmaniose visceral americana, mais prevalente em áreas urbanas. Conclui-se que foi elevada a incidência de cães reagentes para leishmaniose e que estes viviam em áreas específicas do município as quais tiveram casos confirmados de LTA e LVA em humanos, portanto, possivelmente os cães estejam atuando como reservatório da doença e que provavelmente seja o único meio de transmissão na área em estudo.Palavras-chave: Cães, reservatórios, doença em humanos

Perfil entomológico da doença de Chagas no município de Potengi – CE, Brasil

This study aimed to determine the entomological profile of Chagas disease in rural and peri-urban areas in Potengi – CE, and triatomine bugs’ infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Secondary data were obtained from the 20th Regional Health Coordination of Chagas Disease Control Program, originated from active search of Agents for Combating Endemic Diseases made between 2013 and 2015. It was found that 69.23% of surveyed homes were infested by triatomine bugs, being 1.150 specimens collected in peridomicile and 145 in intradomicile. The species Triatoma pseudomaculata, T. brasiliensis, Panstrongylus lutzi, and Rhodnius nasutus were identified, being T. pseudomaculata the most prevalent, followed by T. brasiliensis. Amongst the captured triatomine bugs, 1.34% were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, of which Triatoma pseudomaculata had the highest infection representativeness. Triatomine bugs’ infestation in residences and annexes in Potengi municipality shows their colonization and adaption to domestic environment, being necessary improvements epidemiological surveillances and control of these vectors.Este estudo objetivou determinar o perfil entomológico da doença de Chagas em áreas rurais e periurbanas de Potengi – CE e a infecção de triatomíneos pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Dados secundários foram obtidos da 20ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde do Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas, oriundos de buscas ativas dos Agentes de Combate às Endemias realizadas entre 2013 a 2015. Verificou-se que 69,23% dos domicílios pesquisados encontravam-se infestados por triatomíneos, sendo 1.150 exemplares capturados no peridomicílio e 145 no intradomicílio. Triatoma pseudomaculata, T. brasiliensis, Panstrongylus lutzi e Rhodnius nasutus foram identificadas, sendo T. pseudomaculata com maior prevalência, seguida por T. brasiliensis. Dentre os triatomíneos capturados 1,34% estavam infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi, dos quais Triatoma pseudomaculata teve maior representatividade de infecção. A infestação triatomínica em residências e anexos no município de Potengi demonstra colonização por estes insetos e adaptação ao ambiente doméstico, sendo necessárias melhorias na vigilância epidemiológica e controle desses vetores

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica, Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia, Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium, Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.) from Corylus avellana. Brazil, Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada, Cuphophyllus bondii fromagrassland. Croatia, Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus, Amanita exilis oncalcareoussoil. Czech Republic, Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark, Lasiosphaeria deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceousdebris. Dominican Republic, Calocybella goethei among grass on a lawn. France (Corsica) , Inocybe corsica onwetground. France (French Guiana) , Trechispora patawaensis on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. [...]P.R. Johnston thanks J. Sullivan (Lincoln University) for the habitat image of Kowai Bush, Duckchul Park (Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research) for the DNA sequencing, and the New Zealand Department of Conservation for permission to collect the specimens; this research was supported through the Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Biota Portfolio with funding from the Science and Innovation Group of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. V. Hubka was supported by the Czech Ministry of Health (grant number NU21-05-00681), and is grateful for the support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science – grant-in-aid for JSPS research fellow (grant no. 20F20772). K. Glässnerová was supported by the Charles University Grant Agency (grant No. GAUK 140520). J. Trovão and colleagues were financed by FEDERFundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 – Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), and by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-PTDC/ EPH-PAT/3345/2014. This work was carried out at the R&D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet (CFE), with reference UIDB/04004/2020, financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). J. Trovão was also supported by POCH – Programa Operacional Capital Humano (co-funding by the European Social Fund and national funding by MCTES), through a ‘FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia’ PhD research grant (SFRH/BD/132523/2017). D. Haelewaters acknowledges support from the Research Foundation – Flanders (Junior Postdoctoral Fellowship 1206620N). M. Loizides and colleagues are grateful to Y. Cherniavsky for contributing collections AB A12-058-1 and AB A12- 058-2, and Á. Kovács and B. Kiss for their help with molecular studies of these specimens. C. Zmuda is thanked for assisting with the collection of ladybird specimens infected with Hesperomyces parexochomi. A.V. Kachalkin and colleagues were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 19-74-10002). The study of A.M. Glushakova was carried out as part of the Scientific Project of the State Order of the Government of Russian Federation to Lomonosov Moscow State University No. 121040800174-6. S. Nanu acknowledges the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) for granting a research fellowship and is grateful to the Chief Conservator of Forests and Wildlife for giving permission to collect fungal samples. A. Bañares and colleagues thank L. Monje and A. Pueblas of the Department of Drawing and Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá for their help in the digital preparation of the photographs, and J. Rejos, curator of the AH herbarium for his assistance with the specimens examined in the present study. The research of V. Antonín received institutional support for long-term conceptual development of research institutions provided by the Ministry of Culture (Moravian Museum, ref. MK000094862). The studies of E.F. Malysheva, V.F. Malysheva, O.V. Morozova, and S.V. Volobuev were carried out within the framework of a research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St Petersburg, Russia (АААА-А18-118022090078-2) using equipment of its Core Facility Centre ‘Cell and Molecular Technologies in Plant Science’.The study of A.V. Alexandrova was carried out as part of the Scientific Project of the State Order of the Government of Russian Federation to Lomonosov Moscow State University No. 121032300081-7. The Kits van Waveren Foundation (Rijksherbariumfonds Dr E. Kits van Waveren, Leiden, Netherlands) contributed substantially to the costs of sequencing and travelling expenses for M.E. Noordeloos. The work of B. Dima was partly supported by the ÚNKP- 20-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund. The work of L. Nagy was supported by the ‘Momentum’ program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (contract No. LP2019- 13/2019 to L.G.N.). G.A. Kochkina and colleagues acknowledge N. Demidov for the background photograph, and N. Suzina for the SEM photomicrograph. The research of C.M. Visagie and W.J. Nel was supported by the National Research Foundation grant no 118924 and SFH170610239162. C. Gil-Durán acknowledges Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología, Conocimiento e Innovación, Gobierno de Chile, for grant ANID – Fondecyt de Postdoctorado 2021 – N° 3210135. R. Chávez and G. Levicán thank DICYT-USACH and acknowledges the grants INACH RG_03-14 and INACH RT_31-16 from the Chilean Antarctic Institute, respectively. S. Tiwari and A. Baghela would like to acknowledge R. Avchar and K. Balasubramanian from the Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra for helping with the termite collection. S. Tiwari is also thankful to the University Grants Commission, Delhi (India) for a junior research fellowship (827/(CSIR-UGC NET DEC.2017)). R. Lebeuf and I. Saar thank D. and H. Spencer for collecting and photographing the holotype of C. bondii, and R. Smith for photographing the habitat. A. Voitk is thanked for helping with the colour plate and review of the manuscript, and the Foray Newfoundland and Labrador for providing the paratype material. I. Saar was supported by the Estonian Research Council (grant PRG1170) and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). M.P.S. Câmara acknowledges the ‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq’ for the research productivity fellowship, and financial support (Universal number 408724/2018-8). W.A.S. Vieira acknowledges the ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Ensino Superior – CAPES’ and the ‘Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado/CAPES – PNPD/CAPES’ for the postdoctoral fellowship. A.G.G. Amaral acknowledges CNPq, and A.F. Lima and I.G. Duarte acknowledge CAPES for the doctorate fellowships. F. Esteve-Raventós and colleagues were financially supported by FEDER/ Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades – Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain)/ Project CGL2017-86540-P. The authors would like to thank L. Hugot and N. Suberbielle (Conservatoire Botanique National de Corse, Office de l’Environnement de la Corse, Corti) for their help. The research of E. Larsson is supported by The Swedish Taxonomy Initiative, SLU Artdatabanken, Uppsala. Financial support was provided to R.J. Ferreira by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and to I.G. Baseia, P.S.M. Lúcio and M.P. Martín by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) under CNPq-Universal 2016 (409960/2016-0) and CNPq-visiting researcher (407474/2013-7). J. Cabero and colleagues wish to acknowledge A. Rodríguez for his help to describe Genea zamorana, as well as H. Hernández for sharing information about the vegetation of the type locality. S. McMullan-Fisher and colleagues acknowledge K. Syme (assistance with illustrations), J. Kellermann (translations), M. Barrett (collection, images and sequences), T. Lohmeyer (collection and images) and N. Karunajeewa (for prompt accessioning). This research was supported through funding from Australian Biological Resources Study grant (TTC217-06) to the Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. The research of M. Spetik and co-authors was supported by project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0 /16_017/0002334. N. Wangsawat and colleagues were partially supported by NRCT and the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. programme, grant number PHD/0218/2559. They are thankful to M. Kamsook for the photograph of the Phu Khiao Wildlife Sanctuary and P. Thamvithayakorn for phylogenetic illustrations. The study by N.T. Tran and colleagues was funded by Hort Innovation (Grant TU19000). They also thank the turf growers who supported their surveys and specimen collection. N. Matočec, I. Kušan, A. Pošta, Z. Tkalčec and A. Mešić thank the Croatian Science Foundation for their financial support under the project grant HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736 (ForFungiDNA). A. Pošta thanks the Croatian Science Foundation for their support under the grant HRZZ-2018-09-7081. A. Morte is grateful to Fundación Séneca – Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (20866/ PI/18) for financial support. The research of G. Akhmetova, G.M. Kovács, B. Dima and D.G. Knapp was supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary (NKFIH KH-130401 and K-139026), the ELTE Thematic Excellence Program 2020 supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (TKP2020-IKA-05) and the Stipendium Hungaricum Programme. The support of the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Bolyai+ New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology to D.G. Knapp is highly appreciated. F.E. Guard and colleagues are grateful to the traditional owners, the Jirrbal and Warungu people, as well as L. and P. Hales, Reserve Managers, of the Yourka Bush Heritage Reserve. Their generosity, guidance, and the opportunity to explore the Bush Heritage Reserve on the Einasleigh Uplands in far north Queensland is greatly appreciated. The National Science Foundation (USA) provided funds (DBI#1828479) to the New York Botanical Garden for a scanning electron microscope used for imaging the spores. V. Papp was supported by the ÚNKP-21-5 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary. A.N. Miller thanks the WM Keck Center at the University of Illinois Urbana – Champaign for sequencing Lasiosphaeria deviata. J. Pawłowska acknowledges support form National Science Centre, Poland (grant Opus 13 no 2017/25/B/NZ8/00473). The research of T.S. Bulgakov was carried out as part of the State Research Task of the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Theme No. 0492-2021- 0007). K. Bensch (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht) is thanked for correcting the spelling of various Latin epithets.Peer reviewe

Avaliação da ocorrência de infestação por triatomíneos em ambientes domicilares do município de Aurora-CE no período entre 2008 a 2012

Background and objectives: Triatomines are invertebrate hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas Disease, a parasitosis that affects mammals, including humans. Considering these insects as natural sources of infection, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of triatomine infestation in home environment in the Municipality of Aurora, CE between 2012 and 2015. Methods: The secondary data on catches of species and analysis of T. cruzi infection were obtained from the Chagas Disease Control Program’s of Medical Entomology Laboratory Médica Zolide Mota Ribeiro in Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Results: A total of 1.176 triatomine specimens were captured, most of them found in the peridomiciliary area (85,71%), and were identified as Triatoma pseudomaculata (81,38%), T. brasiliensis (15,73%), Rhodnius nasutus (1,45%), Panstrongylus lutzi (1,28%), and Panstrongylus megistus (0,17%). Of the analyzed triatomines the majority were nymphs (64,80%), followed by adult males (17,52%) e 0,34% of them were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. These infected insects belonged to the species Triatoma pseudomaculata (0,42%) and T. brasiliensis (0,54%), most of them in nymph stage (80%). Conclusion: The triatominal infestation index is significant in intradomicile and, especially, in the peridomicile, representing a health risk for the population of Aurora, CE, since triatomines parasitized by Trypansoma cruzi have already been diagnosed. Furthermore, the most prevalent species founded in this study are among the main vectors of Chagas disease in Cariri region, State of Ceará and Brazil.Justificación y objetivo: Triatominos son hospedadores invertebrados del Trypanosoma cruzi, el agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas, parasitosis que afecta a los mamíferos, incluyendo los humanos. Dado que estos insectos se consideran fuentes naturales de infección, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de la infestación por triatominos en entorno doméstico de la ciudad de Aurora, CE, de 2012 hasta 2015. Métodos: Los datos secundarios sobre capturas de especies y análisis de infección por T. cruzi se obtuvieron del Laboratorio de Entomología Médica Zolide Mota Ribeiro en Juazeiro do Norte-CE, del Programa de Control de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Resultados: Se capturaron 1.176 ejemplares de insectos, de los cuales se encuentra la mayoría en el peridomicílio (85,71%) y identificados como pertenecientes a las especies Triatoma pseudomaculata (81,38%), T. brasiliensis (15,73%), Rhodnius nasutus (1,45%), Panstrongylus lutzi (1,28%), y P. megistus (0,17%). De los triatominos analizados, la mayoría eran ninfas (64,80%), seguido por machos adultos (17,52%) y 0,34% estaban infectados con Trypanosoma cruzi. Estos insectos infectados pertenecían a las especies T. pseudomaculata (0,42%) y T. brasiliensis (0,55%), siendo el 80% ninfas. Conclusión: Es significativo el índice de infestación por triatominos dentro de las casas y especialmente en el peridomicílio, lo que representa un riesgo para la salud de la población de Aurora, CE, ya que fueron diagnosticados triatominos parasitados por Trypanosoma cruzi. Además, las especies más prevalentes en este estudio se encuentran entre las principales especies de vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en Cariri, Ceará y Brasil.Justificativa e objetivo: Triatomíneos são hospedeiros invertebrados do Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, parasitose que atingem mamíferos, incluindo humanos. Tendo em vista que estes insetos são considerados fontes naturais de infecção, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência da infestação por triatomíneos no ambiente doméstico do Município de Aurora (CE), no período entre 2012 a 2015. Métodos: Os dados secundários sobre capturas de espécies e análise de infecção por T. cruzi foram obtidos junto ao Laboratório de Entomologia Médica Zolide Mota Ribeiro em Juazeiro do Norte, CE, do Programa de Controle da Doença de Chagas. Resultados: Foram capturados 1.176 espécimes de triatomíneos, dos quais 85,71% foram encontrados no peridomicílio e identificados como pertencentes às espécies Triatoma pseudomaculata (81,38%), T. brasiliensis (15,73%), Rhodnius nasutus (1,45%), Panstrongylus lutzi (1,28%) e P. megistus (0,17%). Dos triatomíneos analisados, a maioria eram ninfas (64,80%), seguido por machos adultos (17,52%) e 0,34% estavam infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi. Esses insetos infectados pertenciam às espécies T. pseudomaculata (0,42%) e T. brasiliensis (0,55%), sendo 80% ninfas. Conclusão: É expressivo o índice de infestação triatomínica no intradomicílio e, especialmente, no peridomicílio, representando um risco a saúde da população de Aurora, já que foram diagnosticadas triatomíneos parasitadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Além disso, as espécies mais prevalentes nesse estudo estão entre as principais espécies vetoras do mal de Chagas no Cariri, Ceará e Brasil