IDEB, as mudanças na organização escolar e no trabalho docente em uma escola municipal de Campina Grande/PB

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisou os impactos da divulgação do Ideb na organização escolar e na organização do trabalho docente em uma escola municipal de Campina Grande/Paraíba. Examinou como os resultados do Ideb vem sendo assimilados e utilizados pela escola e de que modo as docentes posicionam-se diante desse índice. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma escola que obteve um resultado no Ideb abaixo da média do município de Campina Grande/PB no ano de 2007. Foi feita uma revisão da bibliografia que trata da reforma do Estado no país e da consolidação do Estado avaliador, bem como, realizou-se o estudo da legislação que institui a política de avaliação externa da educação nacional. Os dados coletados revelam que a divulgação do Ideb tem interferido na organização escolar e no trabalho docente. Observou-se, dentre outros, que a ampliação dos exames nacionais de avaliação, mais especificadamente, a Prova Brasil e o Ideb, focos desse estudo, têm contribuído para a intensificação do trabalho docente e sua responsabilização para autorresponsabilização pelo desempenho dos alunos nos testes. Palavras-chave: Ideb. Organização escolar. Organização do trabalho docente

Disseminação da cultura do desempenho na educação básica brasileira: a atuação do Governo Federal (1995-2012)

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que examinou a atuação do Governo Federal na disseminação da cultura do desempenho na educação básica brasileira no período de 1995 a 2012. A cultura do desempenho compreende uma pluralidade de princípios, conhecimentos, valores, tecnologias e modos de fazer, de pensar e de se comportar fundadas no desempenho. Delega ao mercado a elaboração de modelos gestores educacionais (técnicos) e responsabiliza a escola pelos resultados (NOSELLA; BUFFA; LEAL, 2010). O fortalecimento dessa cultura vem gerando alterações significativas no cotidiano educativo. O texto examina quatro estratégias do Governo Federal que objetivaram a disseminação e o fortalecimento da cultura do desempenho na educação brasileira: a) a instituição de um sistema de avaliação da educação básica b) a realização de olimpíadas científicas em diferentes áreas do conhecimento c) a concessão de premiação a “iniciativas exitosas” de docentes e escolas e d) a implantação de ações para a mobilização social para o acompanhamento e fiscalização da qualidade da educação. O texto resulta de revisão da literatura que analisa as políticas de avaliação externa no país e da análise de documentos legais e normativos federais. A investigação revela o caráter de continuidade das iniciativas instituídas pelo Governo Federal no período estudado, marcado pelo aprofundamento da lógica gerencial, pela disseminação dos valores de mercado no campo educacional público e pela indução dos governos estaduais e municipais à criação de seus sistemas próprios de avaliação e ao uso de seus resultados com fortes consequências para os docentes. Palavras-chave: Cultura do desempenho. Políticas de avaliação da educação básica. Atuação do Governo Federal

Biosecurity and infectious diseases: contemporary challenges / Biossegurança e doenças infecciosas: desafios contemporâneos

Introduction: Infectious diseases are a frequent object of study and interest for science. Thus, great advances have been obtained in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of such diseases. The current theme of biosafety - actions designed to prevent, control, reduce or eliminate risks inherent in activities that can compromise human, animal and plant health and the environment. Objective: This manuscript will focus on the discussion of: standard biosafety precautions, vaccination for healthcare workers, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis for some respiratory and biological fluid transmitted diseases.  Method: Literature review with articles that discuss about creation and maintenance of safety committees such as the Internal Commission for Accident Prevention (CIPA), Specialized Services for Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine (SESMT), and/or the Commission for Hospital Infection Control (CCIH).  Results: It is necessary to expand monitoring in biosafety, through cooperation between countries in risk analysis, prevention resources and control of infectious diseases. Conclusions: Biosafety norms are fundamental for the confrontation of infectious diseases and must be followed by health professionals. The construction of biosafety care is a collective ethical and social commitment of respect, trust and responsibility

Survival Of Women With Ovarian Carcinomas And Borderline Tumors Is Not Affected By Estrogen And Progesterone Receptor Status.

To examine the patterns of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and ovarian carcinomas. We also assessed the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in women with ovarian carcinoma, in relation to ER and/or PR expression. We examined ER/PR expression in 38 BOTs and 172 ovarian carcinomas removed from patients treated at the State University of Campinas-UNICAMP (Brazil), from 1993 to 2008 and followed for up to 60 months using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry. Twenty-eight (73.7%) mucinous and 10 (26.3%) serous BOTs were included. Ovarian carcinomas consisted mainly of 79 (46.0%) serous, 44 (25.5%) mucinous, 17 (9.8%) endometrioid, 10 (5.8%) clear-cell types. There was no significant difference of the ER/PR expression between BOT and ovarian carcinoma (p=0.55 for ER alone, 0.90 for PR alone, and 0.12 for combined expression). The level of ER/PR expression in BOTs was significantly higher in serous than in mucinous tumors (p<0.01). In carcinomas, ER/PR was higher in serous tumors than in mucinous (p<0.01) and clear cell tumors (p=0.02), and higher in endometrioid tumors than in mucinous tumors (p<0.01). DFS was affected neither by the clinical characteristics nor by combined steroid receptor status. OS was found to be significantly worse (p<0.01) only in women with stages II-IV tumors and those with residual disease after surgery (p<0.01). Overall, serous and endometrioid tumors were predominantly ER/PR positive, whereas mucinous and clear-cell tumors were preponderantly ER/PR negative. DFS and OS were not affected by ER/PR expression.24167-7

Serous and non-serous ovarian carcinoma: histological tumor type as related to the grade of differentiation and disease prognosis

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical-pathological features of women with serous and non-serous ovarian tumors and to identify the factors associated with survival. METHODS: In this reconstructed cohort study, 152 women with ovarian carcinoma, who attended medical consultations between 1993 and 2008 and who were followed-up until 2010 were included. The histological type was clearly established for all women: 81 serous carcinomas and 71 non-serous tumors (17 endometrioid, 44 mucinous and 10 clear cell carcinomas). The crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), with the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), were calculated for the clinical and pathological features, comparing serous and non-serous histological types. The Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95%CI was calculated for overall survival, considering the clinical and pathological features. RESULTS: Comparison of serous to non-serous tumor types by univariate analysis revealed that serous tumors were more frequently found in postmenopausal women, and were predominantly high histological grade (G2 and G3), advanced stage, with CA125&gt;250 U/mL, and with positive peritoneal cytology. After multivariate regression, the only association remaining was that of high histological grade with serous tumors (adjusted OR 15.1; 95%CI 2.9-77.9). We observed 58 deaths from the disease. There was no difference in overall survival between women with serous carcinoma and women with non-serous carcinoma (HR 0.4; 95%CI 0.1 - 1.1). It was observed that women aged 50 years or less (HR 0.4; 95%CI 0.1-0.9) and those who were in menacne (HR 0.3; 95%CI 0.1-0.9) had a longer survival compared respectively to those above 50 years of age and menopaused. High histological grade (G2 and G3) (p<0.01), stages II-IV (p<0.008) and positive cytology (p<0.001) were significantly associated with worse prognosis. CA125 and the presence of ascites did not correlate with survival. Survival was poor when the disease was diagnosed in stages II to IV and compared to stage I (log-rank p<0.01) regardless of histological type (serous and non-serous). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of high histological grade (G2 and G3) was significantly higher among serous than non-serous carcinomas. Serous and non-serous histological types were not related to overall survival.OBJETIVO: Comparar as características clinicopatológicas de mulheres com carcinoma seroso e não seroso de ovário e identificar os fatores associados à sobrevida. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas, neste estudo de coorte reconstituída, 152 mulheres com carcinoma de ovário, atendidas entre 1993 e 2008 e seguidas até 2010, nas quais o tipo histológico foi claramente estabelecido: 81 pacientes com carcinoma seroso e 71 pacientes com tumores não serosos (17 com carcinoma endometrioide, 44 com carcinoma mucinoso e 10 com carcinoma de células claras). Foram calculados os odds ratios (OR) brutos e os OR ajustados com os respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%) para as características clínicas e patológicas, comparando tumores serosos e não serosos. Foram calculados os Hazard Ratios (HR) com os respectivos IC95% em relação à sobrevida geral, para as variáveis clínicas e patológicas. RESULTADOS: Comparando os tipos seroso e não seroso, na análise univariada, os tumores serosos foram mais frequentes na pós-menopausa e eram preponderantemente carcinomas de alto grau histológico (G2 e G3), em estádios avançados, com CA125&gt;250 U/mL e citologia peritoneal positiva. Após regressão múltipla, apenas o alto grau histológico se manteve associado com tumores serosos (OR ajustado 15,1; IC95% 2,9-77,9). Observamos 58 óbitos pela doença. O tipo histológico (seroso ou não seroso) não esteve associado com a sobrevida (HR 0,4; IC95% 0,1-1,1). Mulheres com idade de 50 anos ou menos (HR 0,4; IC95% 0,1-0,9) e aquelas que estavam em menacme (HR 0,3; IC95% 0,1-0,9) tiveram maior sobrevida quando comparadas, respectivamente, àquelas com idade acima de 50 anos e na menopausa. Carcinomas de alto grau histológico (G2 e G3) (p<0,01), estádio II a IV (p<0,008) e citologia peritoneal positiva (p<0,001) estiveram significativamente relacionados com pior prognóstico. O nível sérico de CA125 e a presença de ascite não se relacionaram com a sobrevida. A sobrevida foi menor quando a doença foi diagnosticada em estágios II a IV em comparação àquela das mulheres diagnosticadas no estádio I (log-rank p<0,01) independentemente do tipo histológico (seroso ou não seroso). CONCLUSÕES: A proporção de carcinomas de alto grau histológico (G2 ou G3) foi significativamente maior entre os carcinomas serosos comparados com não serosos. O tipo histológico seroso ou não seroso não esteve associado à sobrevida total.19620

Percepção da juventude rural sobre a apicultura desenvolvida em comunidades rurais do semiárido piauiense

ABSTRACT. In the state of Piauí, beekeeping presents itself as an alternative to generate income for peasant families, more precisely in the semiarid region. This study aimed to analyze the perception of young people in relation to beekeeping practiced in the city of Massapê do Piauí. Therefore, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 48 students from rural communities. It was observed that young people, in general, do not identify with rural activities, although many have some degree of kinship with beekeepers. Most young people had little knowledge about beekeeping, especially with regard to the prevention of accidents with bees (stinged). It is noteworthy that many of them consider the stings as the biggest obstacle to entering the activity. Although they know the social, economic and environmental importance of beekeeping, as well as the negative impacts that the disappearance of bees would cause in their communities, most young people did not show interest in participating in training to start beekeeping. Given the notable apathy of students in relation to beekeeping, it is suggested actions aimed at knowledge and awareness of youth in relation to the activity as an important tool for social and economic inclusion for agents in the rural community.ABSTRACT. In the state of Piauí, beekeeping presents itself as an alternative to generate income for peasant families, more precisely in the semiarid region. This study aimed to analyze the perception of young people in relation to beekeeping practiced in the city of Massapê do Piauí. Therefore, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 48 students from rural communities. It was observed that young people, in general, do not identify with rural activities, although many have some degree of kinship with beekeepers. Most young people had little knowledge about beekeeping, especially with regard to the prevention of accidents with bees (stinged). It is noteworthy that many of them consider the stings as the biggest obstacle to entering the activity. Although they know the social, economic and environmental importance of beekeeping, as well as the negative impacts that the disappearance of bees would cause in their communities, most young people did not show interest in participating in training to start beekeeping. Given the notable apathy of students in relation to beekeeping, it is suggested actions aimed at knowledge and awareness of youth in relation to the activity as an important tool for social and economic inclusion for agents in the rural community.ABSTRACT. In the state of Piauí, beekeeping presents itself as an alternative to generate income for peasant families, more precisely in the semiarid region. This study aimed to analyze the perception of young people in relation to beekeeping practiced in the city of Massapê do Piauí. Therefore, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 48 students from rural communities. It was observed that young people, in general, do not identify with rural activities, although many have some degree of kinship with beekeepers. Most young people had little knowledge about beekeeping, especially with regard to the prevention of accidents with bees (stinged). It is noteworthy that many of them consider the stings as the biggest obstacle to entering the activity. Although they know the social, economic and environmental importance of beekeeping, as well as the negative impacts that the disappearance of bees would cause in their communities, most young people did not show interest in participating in training to start beekeeping. Given the notable apathy of students in relation to beekeeping, it is suggested actions aimed at knowledge and awareness of youth in relation to the activity as an important tool for social and economic inclusion for agents in the rural community.No estado do Piauí a apicultura se apresenta como uma alternativa de geração de renda para as famílias campesinas, mais precisamente na região semiárida, que permite o reconhecimento e valorização dos saberes camponeses. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a visão dos jovens em relação à apicultura praticada no município de Massapê do Piauí. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado direcionado a 48 estudantes de comunidades rurais. Observou-se que os jovens, de maneira geral, não se identificam com as atividades rurais, embora muitos tenham algum grau de parentesco com apicultores. A maioria dos jovens apresentaram pouco conhecimento sobre a apicultura, principalmente no que se refere à prevenção de acidentes com as abelhas (ferroadas). Vale ressaltar, que muitos deles consideram as ferroadas como o maior empecilho para o ingresso na atividade. Embora saibam da importância social, econômica e ambiental da apicultura, bem como dos impactos negativos que o desaparecimento das abelhas causaria em suas comunidades, a maioria dos jovens não demonstrou interesse em participar de capacitações para iniciar-se na apicultura. Diante da notável apatia dos alunos em relação à apicultura, sugere-se ações voltadas para o conhecimento e sensibilização da juventude em relação a atividade como importante ferramenta de inclusão social e econômica para os agentes da comunidade rural. Palavras-chave: atividade apícola, conservação das abelhas, educação do campo.   Rural Youth's perception of beekeeping developed in rural communities in the semiarid region of Piauí                            ABSTRACT. In the state of Piauí, beekeeping presents itself as an alternative to generate income for peasant families, more precisely in the semiarid region. This study aimed to analyze the perception of young people in relation to beekeeping practiced in the city of Massapê do Piauí. Therefore, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 48 students from rural communities. It was observed that young people, in general, do not identify with rural activities, although many have some degree of kinship with beekeepers. Most young people had little knowledge about beekeeping, especially with regard to the prevention of accidents with bees (stinged). It is noteworthy that many of them consider the stings as the biggest obstacle to entering the activity. Although they know the social, economic and environmental importance of beekeeping, as well as the negative impacts that the disappearance of bees would cause in their communities, most young people did not show interest in participating in training to start beekeeping. Given the notable apathy of students in relation to beekeeping, it is suggested actions aimed at knowledge and awareness of youth in relation to the activity as an important tool for social and economic inclusion for agents in the rural community. Keywords: beekeeping, bees conservation, rural education.   Percepción de la juventud rural sobre la apicultura desarrollada en comunidades rurales de la región semiárida de Piauí RESUMEN. En el estado de Piauí, la apicultura se presenta como una alternativa para generar ingresos para las familias campesinas, más precisamente en la región semiárida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de los jóvenes en relación con la apicultura que se practica en la ciudad de Massapê do Piauí. Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado a 48 estudiantes de comunidades rurales. Se observó que los jóvenes, en general, no se identifican con las actividades rurales, aunque muchos tienen algún grado de parentesco con los apicultores. La mayoría de los jóvenes tenían pocos conocimientos sobre apicultura, especialmente en lo que respecta a la prevención de accidentes con abejas (aguijón). Es de destacar que muchos de ellos consideran las picaduras como el mayor obstáculo para ingresar a la actividad. Si bien conocen la importancia social, económica y ambiental de la apicultura, así como los impactos negativos que causaría la desaparición de las abejas en sus comunidades, la mayoría de los jóvenes no mostró interés en participar en capacitaciones para iniciar la apicultura. Dada la notable apatía de los estudiantes en relación a la apicultura, se sugiere acciones dirigidas al conocimiento y sensibilización de los jóvenes en relación a la actividad apícola como una herramienta importante para la inclusión social y económica de los agentes de la comunidad rural. Palabras clave: actividad apícola, conservación de las abejas, educación rural