Manejo intensivo de árvores e palmeiras úteis ao redor de ocupações pré-colombianas no interflúvio Madeira-Tapajós

Amazonian indigenous and traditional populations have used, managed and domesticated plant populations in different landscapes for thousands of years. However, how much these peoples transformed their landscapes and if these disturbances occurred principally along the major rivers or equally in the interfluves remains uncertain. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the useful tree and palms communities vary in richness, abundance and basal area around patches of Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE, pre-colombian settlements) and current occupations independent of distance to a major river. In the National Forest (FLONA) of Humaitá, along the edge of the Madeira River, and in the Indigenous Land (IL) Jiahui, 70 km from the Madeira, nine plots were installed at different distances (0 to 4.13 km) from three ADE patches, where palms and trees with DAP > 10 cm were inventoried and current use intensities were evaluated. Interviews with local residents were conducted to identify species and characterize their uses and management practices, including cultivation, and participatory mapping described the extent of areas used by each group. The plots were categorized as to intensity of use according to the sum of activities carried out by the current residents. Both in plots near the Madeira River and in more distant plots the richness, abundance and basal area of useful species were high compared to other Amazonian areas. The forest area used by the indigenous communities that inhabit the interfluve was more extensive and they recognized more food species than the residents of the FLONA. In both areas, plants used as food presented greater abundance in currently heavily managed sites, and plants used for construction had an opposite trend; plants managed for medicine presented greater relative richness in places with higher use intensity, while plants used in construction had lower relative richness. This management carried out by current, and possibly by previous, populations occurs in a selective way considering the use category of each species and the human group that uses them. The results suggest that intensive management areas and changes in the landscape resulting from this management are not limited to the areas adjacent to the edges of major rivers, but are more related to distance to ADE and the use intensity of a plot. The occurrence of indigenous communities between large rivers with extensive use areas and vegetation management practices allows the inferrence that similar management occurred in the vicinities of pre-Columbian settlements, both near the edges of major rivers and in interfluvial areas.Os povos indígenas e tradicionais da Amazônia usam, manejam e domesticam populações de plantas em diferentes paisagens há milhares de anos. Porém, o quanto as paisagens foram transformadas por esses povos e se esta transformação aconteceu mais ao longo dos grandes rios ou igualmente nos interflúvios continuam incertos. No presente trabalho, testou-se a hipótese de que a comunidade de árvores e palmeiras úteis varia em riqueza, abundância e área basal ao redor de manchas de Terra Preta de Índio (TPI, assentamentos pré-colombianos) e habitações atuais, independente da distância do grande rio. Na Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Humaitá, nas margens do rio Madeira, e na Terra Indígena (TI) Jiahui, a 70 km do Madeira, foram instaladas nove parcelas posicionadas em diferentes distâncias (0 a 4.13 km) de três manchas de TPI, onde foram inventariadas árvores e palmeiras com DAP > 10 cm e avaliadas as intensidades de uso atual. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os moradores locais para identificar espécies e caracterizar seus usos e práticas de manejo, inclusive cultivo, e mapeamentos participativos para descrever a extensão das áreas usadas por cada grupo humano. As parcelas foram categorizadas quanto à intensidade de uso, de acordo com a soma de atividades realizadas no local pelos moradores atuais. Tanto nas parcelas próximas do rio Madeira, quanto em parcelas mais distantes, a riqueza, abundância e área basal das espécies úteis foram altas comparadas com outras áreas da Amazônia. A área florestal usada pelas comunidades da Terra Indígena que habitam o interflúvio foi mais extensa e os moradores reconhecem mais espécies alimentares do que os moradores da FLONA. Nas duas áreas, as plantas usadas para a alimentação apresentaram maior abundância em áreas com muito uso, e as espécies usadas para construções tiveram relação contrária; plantas manejadas e medicinais apresentaram maior riqueza relativa em locais utilizados com mais intensidade pelos moradores, em oposição às espécies construtivas. Este manejo realizado por populações atuais e possivelmente passadas dá-se de forma seletiva considerando a categoria de uso de cada planta e o grupo humano que as utilizam. Os resultados sugerem que áreas de manejo intensivo e as alterações na paisagem decorrentes deste manejo não se limitam às margens dos rios principais, estando mais relacionadas com a distância de TPI e a intensidade de uso atual. A ocorrência de comunidades indígenas entre os grandes rios com extensas áreas de uso e manejo da vegetação permite inferir que um manejo similar ocorria nas proximidades de habitações pré-colombianas existentes, tanto na beira dos grandes rios, quanto nos ambientes interfluviais

Scale of conflict in health care decision-making: an instrument adapted and validated for the Portuguese language

As diferentes opções disponibilizadas aos doentes no âmbito da saúde actualmente implicam em processos de tomada de decisão cada vez mais difíceis podendo desencadear conflito no decorrer da mesma. Foi nosso propósito, com este estudo, dispor de um instrumento que nos possibilite conhecer esta variável. Assim, propusemo-nos efectuar a adaptação transcultural e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Decisional Conflict Scale, que visa obter informações sobre a tomada de decisão e os factores que influenciam a escolha tomada. A amostra constituída por 521 estudantes de Enfermagem, teve como foco a tomada de decisão na síndrome gripal. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de confiabilidade revelam boa consistência interna para o total dos itens (α Cronbach=0,94). O estudo psicométrico permite-nos afirmar que a versão em Português da Decisional Conflict Scale, que denominamos Escala de Conflitos de Tomadas de Decisão em Saúde (ECTDS), é um instrumento fidedigno e válido.Las diferentes opciones disponibles para el paciente en el ámbito de la salud implican actualmente procesos de toma de decisiones cada vez más difíciles, pudiéndose desencadenar conflictos durante ellos. Objetivamos disponer de un instrumento que nos posibilitara conocer esta variable. Consecuentemente, nos propusimos efectuar la adaptación transcultural y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión portuguesa de la Decisional Conflict Scale, que apunta a obtener informaciones sobre toma de decisiones y factores que influyen en la elección tomada. La muestra, constituida por 521 estudiantes de Enfermería, se enfocó en la toma de decisiones en el síndrome gripal. Los resultados obtenidos en los tests de confiabilidad expresan buena consistencia interna para todos los ítems (α Cronbach=0,94). El estudio psicométrico nos permite afirmar que la versión en portugués de la Decisional Conflict Scale, que denominamos Escala de Conflictos de Toma de Decisiones en Salud (ECTDS), es un instrumento fidedigno y válido.The different options available to patients in the health environment now are implicated in increasingly difficult processes of decision-making, and may trigger conflict about them. This study had as its purpose, to develop an instrument that enabled us to know about this variable. Therefore, we decided to effect a transcultural adaptation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Decisional Conflict Scale, which seeks information about decision-making and the factors that influence the choices made. The sample consisted of 521 nursing students, with a focus on decision-making regarding the flu syndrome. The results obtained on the reliability tests showed good internal consistency for all items (Cronbach α=0.94). The psychometric study allowed us to affirm that the Portuguese version of the Decisional Conflict Scale, which we call Scale of Conflicts in Decision-Making in Health (ECTDS), was a reliable and valid instrument

New records and range extension of a Brazilian Amazon white-sand endemic species: Roraimaea aurantiaca Struwe, S.Nilsson & V.A.Albert (Gentianaceae)

Roraimaea aurantiaca Struwe, S.Nilsson & V.A.Albert, a white-sand endemic species, was previously known from only two specimens collected in Roraima state, Brazil. Our new field collections and re-identified herbarium specimens expand this species’ distribution and include the first records from the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Based on this effort, we present a distribution map, preliminary conservation status of Endangered, the first photographs of living plants, and an updated morphological description. This study aggregates new information on the flora of the northern Amazon Basin, in addition to discussing conservation of R. aurantiaca

Magnetostratigraphy and Carbon isotopes of Ediacaran Avellaneda Formation, Rio de La Plata Craton, Argentina

The Ediacaran Period (635-542 Ma) witnessed a series of extraordinary events. It arises with the end of the Marinoan Glaciation and deposition of worldwide enigmatic cap carbonate deposits. This abrupt shift in paleoclimatic conditions coincides with major fluctuations in the isotope ratios of carbon and sulfur, and with significant changes in the concentration of redox-sensitive elements in marine sediments. The Ediacaran is also a period marked by rapid changes in geomagnetic polarity. Magnetostratigraphy may therefore provide high-resolution correlation between Ediacaran successions worldwide. Here, we combine stratigraphy logs, carbon isotopes and magnetostratigraphy on the Avellaneda Formation (590-560 Ma) which at the Rio La Plata Craton, eastern Argentina. We investigated two drill cores (TSE-34 and TSE-7) with a 0.3-0.7 m resolution covering the entire Avellaneda Formation, corresponding to 98 standard specimens (25 mm in diameter). The basal contact of the Avellaneda Formation with the underlying mudstone rocks from Loma Negra Formation (~ 590 Ma) is present in both cores. The upper contact with the Alicia Formation, only observed in TSE-34 core, is transitional. The TSE-7 displays an erosional contact between Avellenda and Cerro Negro Formations (~ 560 Ma). After stepwise thermal demagnetization up to 600°C, almost all samples provided a characteristic magnetization between 350°C and 600°C, therefore Ti-poor magnetite or titanohematite is likely the main carrier of the stable remanence in these rocks. A high-temperature, dual-polarity component is persistent and coherent in the two drill cores. The base of the unit is marked by normal polarity, followed by a reverse interval, followed by persistent normal polarity across to the upper part of the Avellaneda Formation. This magnetostratigraphic framework, together with the carbon isotope signal, will be compared with results recently obtained for potentially coeval successions in China, Canada and United States.Fil: Afonso, Jhon. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ferreira Da Trindade, Ricardo Ivan. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Franceschinis, Pablo Reinaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Arrouy, Maria Julia. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Rectorado. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras - Sede Azul. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras - Sede Azul; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaEGU General Assembly 2020AustriaEuropean Geosciences Unio

PRODUCTION OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) FROM Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 USING DIFFERENTS NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS

In this work it was studied the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) production, especially DHA, from Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185, under different total nitrogen (TN) availability. Three different TN conditions were evaluated: two with initial concentrations of 2.4 g/L and 0.8 g/L, and the third in a fed-batch process with a rate of 0.009 g/L.h. For each experiment the biomass, glucose, TN and PUFAs were determined. The major composition of the PUFAs in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 cell biomass were DPA ω6 (21-25 %) and DHA (69-73 %), regardless of the type and time of culture. The maximum cell concentration (30.2 g/L) was obtained using 2.4 g/L TN in 168 h of culture. With this same concentration of TN it was possible to produce the highest concentration of DHA (1.16 g/L) in 120 h of culture, demonstrating that the growth of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and yield of PUFAs are dependent on the source concentration of TN available for consumption of this oleaginous microorganism, as well as culture time

Balança de poder asiática: uma análise das relações securitárias e de defesa sino-indianas

The present article aims to understand whether security and defense issues in Sino-Indian relations can be better characterized as a security dilemma or as a conflict of interests. Exploratory research and literature review are used as methodological tools associated with the application of the Butterfield-Herz-Jervis (BHJ) model proposed by Shipping Tang. The BHJ model makes it possible to assess the whether or not a security dilemma exists through the investigation of three factors: anarchy, the absence of evil intentions among states, and the accumulation of power containing offensive capabilities. The investigation is supported by the nature of three dimensions grounded in Sino-Indian relations: 1) the dimension of territorial and border issues in the regions of Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Sikkim and Uttar Pradesh; 2) the dimension of the disputes for influence and preeminence in the South Asian and Indian Ocean Region (SA-IOR) area; and 3) the naval and armaments dimension of the Chinese presence in the Indian Ocean. The work contributes to the research agenda about the Asian balance of power, more specifically, the Sino-Indian relationship, predominantly marked by intense conflict of interests. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender se as questões securitárias e de defesa nas relações sino-indianas podem ser melhor caracterizadas como um dilema de segurança ou como um conflito de interesses. A pesquisa exploratória e a revisão bibliográfica são adotadas como ferramentas metodológicas associadas à aplicação do modelo Butterfield-Herz-Jervis (BHJ) proposto por Shipping Tang. O modelo BHJ permite aferir a existência ou não de um dilema de segurança através da investigação de três fatores: a anarquia, a ausência de intenções malignas entre os Estados e o acúmulo de poder contendo capacidades ofensivas. A investigação se ampara na natureza de três dimensões fundamentadas nas relações sino-indianas: 1) a dimensão das questões territoriais e de fronteira nas regiões de Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Sikkim e Uttar Pradesh; 2) a dimensão das disputas por influência e preeminência na área do Sul da Ásia e Região do Oceano Índico (SA-IOR); e 3) a dimensão naval e armamentista da presença chinesa no Oceano Índico. O trabalho contribui para a agenda de pesquisa acerca da balança de poder asiática, mais especificamente, a relação sino-indiana, predominantemente marcada por intenso conflito de interesses

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in blood samples of horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) by PCR

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the Leishmania infantum parasite. The protozoan is able to infect several domestic and wild mammals. Since the first report on Leishmania spp. infection in horses in South America, leishmaniasis in equids has been highlighted in Brazil. A molecular epidemiological survey was carried out to verify the occurrence of Leishmania spp. DNA in horses and donkeys, in leishmaniases endemic areas in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To this end, blood samples were obtained from 107 horses and 36 donkeys and subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR targeting the ITS-1 region. Among the horses and donkeys, 1.87% (2/107) and 8.33% (3/36) were positive by PCR, respectively. The DNA sequencing of the ITS-1 amplification products confirmed L. infantum DNA in these animals. Our results suggest that horses and donkeys from non-VL and VL endemic areas of São Paulo State may be infected by the parasite

Complete genome sequences of eight phages infecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in swine

We report eight phages infecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli responsible for intestinal infections in piglets. Phages vB_EcoM_F1, vB_EcoM_FB, vB_EcoS_FP, vB_EcoM_FT, vB_EcoM_SP1, vB_EcoP_SP5M, vB_EcoP_SP7, and vB_EcoS_SP8 were isolated between 2007 and 2018 in the Iberian Peninsula. These viruses span the three tailed phage families, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae.This study was supported by the project SusPhage, POCI-01-0247-FEDER-033679,funded byFEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020-Programa Operacional Competi-tividade e Internacionalização (POCI). The work was also supported by the PortugueseFoundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic fundingof the UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and by the project PTDC/CVT-CVT/29628/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029628).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

New Ediacaran Paleomagnetic Pole for the Rio de la Plata Craton: Paleogeographic Restrictions in the Assembly of Western Gondwana

Preliminary paleomagnetic data obtained in marls of the Avellaneda Formation (La Providencia Group) of Ediacarian age outcropping in the Río de la Plata craton (RPC) are presented. Sampling was carried out in quarry and in a bore-core. Standard stepwise demagnetization showed a directional consistency among both sets of samples yielding a preliminary paleomagnetic pole located at 0.8° N, 308.4° E, (A95: 5.7°, n: 68) for the Avellaneda Formation. This indicates very high latitudes for the craton and suggests that the most accepted Ediacarian apparent polar wander path (APWP) for the 600-500 Ma period for RPC must be reconsidered.Fil: Franceschinis, Pablo Reinaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Alfonso, Jhon. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas; BrasilFil: Rapalini, Augusto Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Arrouy, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentina. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff". - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras "Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff"; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira Da Trindade, Ricardo Ivan. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas; BrasilFil: Poire, Daniel Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaSixth Biennial Meeting of Latin American Association of Paleomagnetism and GeomagnetismRancaguaChileLatin American Association of Paleomagnetism and Geomagnetis