Effects of a large irrigation reservoir on aquatic and riparian plants: a history of survival and loss

Dammed rivers have unnatural stream flows, disrupted sediment dynamics, and rearranged geomorphologic settings. Consequently, fluvial biota experiences disturbed functioning in the novel ecosystems. The case study is the large irrigation reservoir Alqueva in Guadiana River, Southern Iberia. The study area was divided into three zones: upstream and downstream of the dam and reservoir. For each zone, species composition and land use and land cover (LULC) were compared before and after the Alqueva Dam implementation. Data consist of aquatic and riparian flora composition obtained from 46 surveys and the area (%) of 12 classes of LULC obtained in 90 riverine sampling units through the analysis of historical and contemporary imagery. There was an overall decrease of several endemic species and on the riparian shrublands and aquatic stands, although di erences in the proportion of functional groups were not significant. Nevertheless, compositional diversity shows a significant decline in the upstream zone while landscape diversity shows an accentuated reduction in the reservoir area and downstream of the dam, which is likely related to the loss of the rocky habitats of the ‘old’ Guadiana River and the homogenization of the riverscape due to the irrigation intensification. The mitigation of these critical changes should be site-specific and should rely on the knowledge of the interactions between surrounding lands, ecological, biogeomorphologic, and hydrological components of the fluvial ecosystemsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Riparian and aquatic vegetation in Mediterranean-type streams (western Iberia)

Floral composition and structural patterns displayed by the aquatic and riparian vegetation in Mediterranean-type streams show distinctive features when compared to mesic fluvial systems. In this paper we sum up two decades of studies on the ecology of riparian and aquatic vegetation in western Iberia (Portugal). We present results concerning the structural patterns of the riparian woody vegetation, its variation in space and time, and its role in fluvial processes. We give an overall description and ecological appraisal of the riparian and aquatic flora and its complex relationships with abiotic drivers from both the river corridor and the drainage basin. We also describe our observations of floral disturbances derived both from natural and human causes. We have taken various approaches to assessing ecological quality using river plants, and these are also reviewed. The overall results obtained in these last twenty years are discussed as a contribution to future research needs.La composición florística y los patrones estructurales de la vegetación acuática y riparia en ríos mediterráneos muestran características diferenciales cuando son comparados con sistemas fluviales templados. En este trabajo, intentamos reunir dos décadas de estudios sobre la ecología de la vegetación riparia y acuática en Iberia Occidental (Portugal). Presentamos resultados acerca de los patrones estructurales de la vegetación leñosa riparia, su variación espacio-temporal, y su papel en los procesos fluviales. Hacemos una descripción global y un abordaje ecológico de la flora riparia y acuática y sus complejas relaciones con los factores abióticos, desde la escala del corredor fluvial hasta la cuenca de drenaje. Describimos también las perturbaciones observadas sobre la flora, tanto derivadas de causas naturales como humanas. Hemos desarrollado algunos enfoques para evaluar la calidad ecológica utilizando plantas y estos son también revisados. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos en estos últimos veinte años con el objetivo de contribuir para la determinación de futuras necesidades en la investigación

Natural variability of lotic Mediterranean ecosystems or wildfire perturbations: who will win?

This study evaluates the impacts of wildfires in lotic Mediterranean ecosystems. It was carried out at Monchique ridge after big wildfires occurred during 2002 and 2003. Deferential impacts were evaluated comparing historical results obtained before the wildfires (1999 and 2001), with the post fire ones (2006 and 2007). Physical and chemical parameters of the water, habitat morphology, diatoms, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fishes were evaluated at 10 collecting places, before and after wildfires. High recovering rates were observed to the vegetation, but it is still possible to found fire impacts over macrophytes and river morphology. Wildfires, contributed to canopy decrease and, consequently to the growth of plants that usually are controlled by shadow. As a result, vegetation biodiversity tend to increase. River banks tend also to be invaded by terrestrial plants. Higher post fires recover rates were observed to the more aquatic communities (diatoms, macroinvertebrates and fishes). For those communities, comparing spring situations before and after the fires no substantial differences were observed. Sometimes differences between consecutive years are even higher. So it can be concluded that magnitude of wildfire impacts is less than the natural inter-annual variability of Mediterranean rivers. Long-term effects of forest fires, resulting from large woody debries, were also detected by morphological alterations, like debries dams. Habitat diversity increase and impacts on aquatic communities are expected

Isolated adrenal metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Funding Information: The authors thank the Pathology Department of Instituto Portugu?s de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil for providing representative images of the histological slides.publishersversionpublishe

Insomnia: prevalence and associated factors

Nowadays sleep disorders are very common and affect most of the population, the most common may be insomnia. Insomnia is defined as the difficulty of initiating or maintaining sleep it, may also be reflected in an early wake up and by the presence of a non-restful sleep and it is associated with impairment in social and occupational functioning of the individual. Knowing the prevalence and the associated factors of insomnia. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. The population is constituted by 205 individuals of both sexes, aged over 18, who were in public places of a city in the north of the country. We applied a questionnaire to all the people who went through these places between 9 am to 7 pm. Insomnia was evaluated using the DSM-IV (Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). We use the Chi-square to study the relation between the independent variables with variable insomnia, adopting a confidence interval of 95%. The prevalence of insomnia was 46.8%. Who suffers more from insomnia are: women in menopause (64.1%), elder people (66.7%) and those with four or fewer years of education (73.9%). There was no significant statistical relationship between the prevalence of insomnia and sex or residence. The causes of insomnia are: concern (48.6%), noise (31.8%) and disease (8.4%). The drugs most consumed by insomniacs are benzodiazepines (79.2%). In this study insomnia affects about half of participants. The presence of insomnia seems to be related with the age increasing, low education and menopausal status in female

Uma introdução à técnica SVET

Este artigo apresenta uma introdução à Técnica do Eléctrodo Vibrante de Varrimento (SVET). Começa por uma breve resenha histórica, seguida da descrição do princípio de funcionamento, exemplos da aplicação a casos de corrosão, alguns cálculos possíveis, limitações, instrumentação, detalhes experimentais e exemplos da sua associação a outras técnicas electroquímicas

iLeanDMAIC – A methodology for implementing the lean tools

Organizations focus must reside in their constant desire for improvement in order to satisfy their clients as a result of high-quality products, thus maximizing their profits through a waste reduction in the flow production. Lean thinking allows organizations to identify and eliminate wastes within the organization. The use of lean tools is considered a simple, efficient and cost-effective solution to achieve productivity and profit. DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) is a problem-solving methodology that improves processes, allows defect reduction and reduction of process variability, allowing companies to continuously improve their efficiency and performance. In this work, a combined methodology iLeanDMAIC based on Lean Tools and DMAIC was developed, aiming to help organizations to easily and accurately solve their problems. It includes a case-study implementation on an organization of the sector of wood products. We were able to successfully validate this methodology and to show its efficacy in enhancing production. Results using iLeanDMAIC allowed a reduction time in changeover in the assembly machine (from 39 min to 17 min), presenting this a 44% gain on manufacture. iLeanDMAIC can help organizations thrive against their competitors, make their business more cost-effective and efficient.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Produção e consumo de acetato em cultivos de Salmonella typhimurium em condições aeróbias

Linhagens atenuadas de Salmonella typhimurium têm sido amplamente estudadas para o desenvolvimento de diversas vacinas e no tratamento do câncer. No entanto, ainda há poucas informações a respeito de seu metabolismo. S. typhimurium e Escherichia coli apresentam grande similaridade em seus genomas e redes metabólicas. Com o intuito de avaliar o metabolismo da Salmonella sob condições aeróbias, realizou-se seis cultivos contínuos nas taxas de diluição de 0,1 a 0,67 h-1 utilizando glicose como substrato. Estes resultados demonstraram um desvio de carbono para a formação de acetato, a partir da taxa de diluição de 0,1 h-1, diferentemente do que é relatado para E. coli, onde o acúmulo de acetato é detectado somente em taxas de diluição acima de 0,4 h-1. Investigou-se ainda a assimilação do acetato em cultivos em batelada, utilizando ácido acético como substrato principal. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que a Salmonella possui um fluxo de assimilação de acetato menor do que a E. coli. Apesar de ambos os microrganismos apresentarem as mesmas reações no metabolismo central do carbono, este trabalho apresenta evidências experimentais que demonstram a menor capacidade de S. typhimurium em direcionar os fluxos de carbono para biomassa e produção de energia, caracterizada pela maior formação de acetato. A produção de acetato é considerada um desperdício de carbono, diminuindo a produtividade e os rendimentos, e comprometendo a obtenção de alta densidade celular essencial para o desenvolvimento de vacinas recombinantes de baixo custo. A análise dos fluxos metabólicos pode contribuir para minimizar a formação deste subproduto indesejado, tornando o metabolismo mais eficiente