Employment and Wage Changes in Oil-Producing Counties in the Bakken Formation, 2007-2011

The Bakken Formation is an oil-producing shale formation underneath North Dakota, Montana, and parts of Canada. In recent years, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques, combined with higher prices for crude oil, have led to rapid increases in oil extraction from shale formations like the Bakken Formation. As of late 2011, North Dakota was the fourth largest oil-producing state, after Texas, Alaska, and California. The large increase in oil production has led to growth in employment and wages and has changed the industry profile of employment in the region

WHAT IS FOOD QUALITY?

Presents the various aspects of food quality from the consumers' viewpoint.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Silicon switching transistor with high power and low saturation voltage

Assembly of two individually encapsulated silicon-chip transistors produces silicon power-transistor that has low electrical resistance and low thermal impedance. Electrical resistance and thermal impedance are low because of short lead lengths, and external contact surfaces are plated to reduce resistance at interfaces

Foundation Support for Nonprofit Capital Needs in Southern California

Analyzes trends in foundation funding for nonprofits' capital campaigns, land acquisition, and building and renovation in five counties. Lists foundations that may provide capital support, but suggests securing other primary sources of capital funding

The Approaches of Christian Polemicists against Islam

When studying the writings of early Christian authors, it is intriguing to explore the various arguments and accusations they made against the Islamic religion. Each writer relayed his unique understanding of this new religion and did his best to convey the message that he felt Christians should realize. Although each polemicist had his own approach to the issue, when reading multiple texts that reference the same subject it is difficult for me to identify the subtle differences buried among the many similarities. From the origins of Islam to apocalyptic predictions to miraculous conversion stories, the same ideas were continuously recycled from the 8th to the 14th century. The question that arises from this repetition is simply: why? Why did the authors choose to address certain issues more frequently than others? Why might this create problems for 21st century scholars? This paper will discuss these questions in order to better understand the different approaches put forth by early Christian authors

Training and Pruning Fruit Trees

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Sequence Expression of Supernumerary B Chromosomes: Function or Fluff?

B chromosomes are enigmatic heritable elements found in the genomes of numerous plant and animal species. Contrary to their broad distribution, most B chromosomes are non-essential. For this reason, they are regarded as genome parasites. In order to be stably transmitted through generations, many B chromosomes exhibit the ability to "drive", i.e., they transmit themselves at super-Mendelian frequencies to progeny through directed interactions with the cell division apparatus. To date, very little is understood mechanistically about how B chromosomes drive, although a likely scenario is that expression of B chromosome sequences plays a role. Here, we highlight a handful of previously identified B chromosome sequences, many of which are repetitive and non-coding in nature, that have been shown to be expressed at the transcriptional level. We speculate on how each type of expressed sequence could participate in B chromosome drive based on known functions of RNA in general chromatin- and chromosome-related processes. We also raise some challenges to functionally testing these possible roles, a goal that will be required to more fully understand whether and how B chromosomes interact with components of the cell for drive and transmission

Design and development of a high power, low saturation voltage, multi-chip silicon switching transistor Final progress report, period ending 19 Feb. 1970

Mechanical design modifications, processing, and test data for high power, low saturation voltage, multi-chip silicon switching transisto

Efficient non-linear 3D electrical tomography and finite element optimizations for functional source imaging

An essential factor in functional source imaging is the accurate knowledge of the conducitvity dostribution inside the body. Current models for electrophysiological forward and inverse problems use tabulated conductivity values obtained from experiments. This article shows how EIT-derived conductivities can be used in EEG reconstructions of a head slice