5,843 research outputs found
Extrasolar Planets in Mean-Motion Resonance: Apses Alignment and Asymmetric Stationary Solutions
In recent years several pairs of extrasolar planets have been discovered in
the vicinity of mean-motion commensurabilities. In some cases, such as the
Gliese 876 system, the planets seem to be trapped in a stationary solution, the
system exhibiting a simultaneous libration of the resonant angle theta_1 = 2
lambda_2 - lambda_1 - varpi_1 and of the relative position of the pericenters.
In this paper we analyze the existence and location of these stable
solutions, for the 2/1 and 3/1 resonances, as function of the masses and
orbital elements of both planets. This is undertaken via an analytical model
for the resonant Hamiltonian function. The results are compared with those of
numerical simulations of the exact equations.
In the 2/1 commensurability, we show the existence of three principal
families of stationary solutions: (i) aligned orbits, in which theta_1 and
varpi_1 - varpi_2 both librate around zero, (ii) anti-aligned orbits, in which
theta_1=0 and the difference in pericenter is 180 degrees, and (iii) asymmetric
stationary solutions, where both the resonant angle and varpi_1 - varpi_2 are
constants with values different of 0 or 180 degrees. Each family exists in a
different domain of values of the mass ratio and eccentricities of both
planets. Similar results are also found in the 3/1 resonance.
We discuss the application of these results to the extrasolar planetary
systems and develop a chart of possible planetary orbits with apsidal
corotation. We estimate, also, the maximum planetary masses in order that the
stationary solutions are dynamically stable.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Ap
The structure of chromospheres around late-type giants and supergiants
Observations alpha Tau (K5III) and beta Gru (M2II) made at high resolution are used to confirm line identifications of features blended at low resolution. The high resolution spectra allow selected pairs of lines to be used to find the electron density and the opacity. Methods for determining these factors and the usual emission measure are presented. The electron density and opacity can be used together with the emission measure to place constraints on the structure of the atmosphere. The line formation processes are briefly discussed. Photo-excitation by strong lines appears to be important in these late type atmospheres
Ward Identities and chiral anomalies for coupled fermionic chains
Coupled fermionic chains are usually described by an effective model written
in terms of bonding and anti-bonding spinless fields with linear dispersion in
the vicinities of the respective Fermi points. We derive for the first time
exact Ward Identities (WI) for this model, proving the existence of chiral
anomalies which verify the Adler-Bardeen non-renormalization property. Such WI
are expected to play a crucial role in the understanding of the thermodynamic
properties of the system. Our results are non-perturbative and are obtained
analyzing Grassmann functional integrals by means of Constructive Quantum Field
Theory methods.Comment: TeX file, 26 pages, 7 figures. Published version, new section added
to answer referee remarks and derive the Ward Identites, no modifications in
the main resul
On planetary mass determination in the case of super-Earths orbiting active stars. The case of the CoRoT-7 system
This investigation uses the excellent HARPS radial velocity measurements of
CoRoT-7 to re-determine the planet masses and to explore techniques able to
determine mass and elements of planets discovered around active stars when the
relative variation of the radial velocity due to the star activity cannot be
considered as just noise and can exceed the variation due to the planets. The
main technique used here is a self-consistent version of the high-pass filter
used by Queloz et al. (2009) in the first mass determination of CoRoT-7b and
CoRoT-7c. The results are compared to those given by two alternative
techniques: (1) The approach proposed by Hatzes et al. (2010) using only those
nights in which 2 or 3 observations were done; (2) A pure Fourier analysis. In
all cases, the eccentricities are taken equal to zero as indicated by the study
of the tidal evolution of the system; the periods are also kept fixed at the
values given by Queloz et al. Only the observations done in the time interval
BJD 2,454,847 - 873 are used because they include many nights with multiple
observations; otherwise it is not possible to separate the effects of the
rotation fourth harmonic (5.91d = Prot/4) from the alias of the orbital period
of CoRoT-7b (0.853585 d). The results of the various approaches are combined to
give for the planet masses the values 8.0 \pm 1.2 MEarth for CoRoT-7b and 13.6
\pm 1.4 MEarth for CoRoT 7c. An estimation of the variation of the radial
velocity of the star due to its activity is also given.The results obtained
with 3 different approaches agree to give masses larger than those in previous
determinations. From the existing internal structure models they indicate that
CoRoT-7b is a much denser super-Earth. The bulk density is 11 \pm 3.5 g.cm-3 .
CoRoT-7b may be rocky with a large iron core.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Surface nano-patterning through styrene adsorption on Si(100)
We present an ab initio study of the structural and electronic properties of
styrene molecules adsorbed on the dimerized Si(100) surface at different
coverages, ranging from the single-molecule to the full monolayer. The
adsorption mechanism primarily involves the vinyl group via a [2+2]
cycloaddition process that leads to the formation of covalent Si-C bonds and a
local surface derelaxation, while it leaves the phenyl group almost
unperturbed. The investigation of the functionalized surface as a function of
the coverage (e.g. 0.5 -- 1 ML) and of the substrate reconstruction reveals two
major effects. The first results from Si dimer-vinyl interaction and concerns
the controlled variation of the energy bandgap of the interface. The second is
associated to phenyl-phenyl interactions, which gives rise to a regular pattern
of electronic wires at surface, stemming from the pi-pi coupling. These
findings suggest a rationale for tailoring the surface nano-patterning of the
surface, in a controlled way.Comment: 19 pages (preprint), 4 figures, supplementary materia
Air quality in Oporto ĂĄrea: comparative analysis
A partir de 1986-1987, on observe une tendance irrĂ©guliĂšre de l'augmentation des concentrations moyennes mensuelles d'aciditĂ© forte et fumĂ©es noires. Les concentrations correspondant aux jours de la semaine sont supĂ©rieures Ă celles obtenues les week-ends et jours fĂ©riĂ©s, lesquelles mettent en Ă©vidence l'apport de l'activitĂ© industrielle et du trafic. Aucune corrĂ©lation mathĂ©matique significative traduisant l'Ă©volution croissante des concentrations moyennes annuelles n'a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence. Dans les stations les plus reprĂ©sentatives, les valeurs guides ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©passĂ©es, les concentrations Ă©tant proches de la limite. Bien que nous n'ayons pas enregistrĂ© d'Ă©pisodes aigus de pollution, l'Ă©volution vĂ©rifiĂ©e durant la pĂ©riode prise en compte traduit un aggravement de la qualitĂ© de l'air. Cette tendance Ă la hausse est contraire Ă celle observĂ©e dans d'autres pays, oĂč les niveaux d'aciditĂ© forte et fumĂ©es noires tendent Ă baisser grĂące aux mesures de protection de l'environnement mises en pratique. Les niveaux de monoxyde de carbone, d'oxydes d'azote et d'ozone, observĂ©s en 1992 sont plus bas que dans d'autres rĂ©gions.It was recorded an irregular trend upward for strong acidity and black smoke average monthly concentrations since 1986-1987. Levels in the working days are higher than those monitored in the week-end and days off, which proves the effect of traffic and industrial activities on air quality. It was not possible to establish any overall correlation fiable to express the increase in annual average concentrations. At the most representative stations, the exceedance of guideline values was recorded and concentrations reached values close to the limit. No acute episodes of air pollution were recorded, although the trend patterns monitored show an aggravation of air quality during this period of time. This trend is contrary to the one derived in foreign networks, where strong acidity and black smoke levels have been decreasing in consequence of environmental protection measures put into practice. Carbon monoxyde, nitrogen oxydes and ozone levels measured in 1992 are lower when compared with those monitored in other regions
Dynamics of two planets in co-orbital motion
We study the stability regions and families of periodic orbits of two planets
locked in a co-orbital configuration. We consider different ratios of planetary
masses and orbital eccentricities, also we assume that both planets share the
same orbital plane. Initially we perform numerical simulations over a grid of
osculating initial conditions to map the regions of stable/chaotic motion and
identify equilibrium solutions. These results are later analyzed in more detail
using a semi-analytical model. Apart from the well known quasi-satellite (QS)
orbits and the classical equilibrium Lagrangian points L4 and L5, we also find
a new regime of asymmetric periodic solutions. For low eccentricities these are
located at , where \sigma is
the difference in mean longitudes and \Delta\omega is the difference in
longitudes of pericenter. The position of these Anti-Lagrangian solutions
changes with the mass ratio and the orbital eccentricities, and are found for
eccentricities as high as ~ 0.7. Finally, we also applied a slow mass variation
to one of the planets, and analyzed its effect on an initially asymmetric
periodic orbit. We found that the resonant solution is preserved as long as the
mass variation is adiabatic, with practically no change in the equilibrium
values of the angles.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
The modulated spin liquid: a new paradigm for URuSi
We argue that near a Kondo breakdown critical point, a spin liquid with
spatial modulations can form. Unlike its uniform counterpart, we find that this
occurs via a second order phase transition. The amount of entropy quenched when
ordering is of the same magnitude as for an antiferromagnet. Moreover, the two
states are competitive, and at low temperatures are separated by a first order
phase transition. The modulated spin liquid we find breaks symmetry, as
recently seen in the hidden order phase of URuSi. Based on this, we
suggest that the modulated spin liquid is a viable candidate for this unique
phase of matter.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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