6,021 research outputs found
Initial mass function of intermediate mass black hole seeds
We study the Initial Mass Function (IMF) and host halo properties of
Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBH, 10^{4-6} Msun) formed inside metal-free,
UV illuminated atomic cooling haloes (virial temperature T_vir > 10^4 K) either
via the direct collapse of the gas or via an intermediate Super Massive Star
(SMS) stage. We achieve this goal in three steps: (a) we derive the gas
accretion rate for a proto-SMS to undergo General Relativity instability and
produce a direct collapse black hole (DCBH) or to enter the ZAMS and later
collapse into a IMBH; (b) we use merger-tree simulations to select atomic
cooling halos in which either a DCBH or SMS can form and grow, accounting for
metal enrichment and major mergers that halt the growth of the proto-SMS by gas
fragmentation. We derive the properties of the host halos and the mass
distribution of black holes at this stage, and dub it the "Birth Mass
Function"; (c) we follow the further growth of the DCBH due to accretion of
leftover gas in the parent halo and compute the final IMBH mass.We consider two
extreme cases in which minihalos (T_vir < 10^4 K) can (fertile) or cannot
(sterile) form stars and pollute their gas leading to a different IMBH IMF. In
the (fiducial) fertile case the IMF is bimodal extending over a broad range of
masses, M= (0.5-20)x10^5 Msun, and the DCBH accretion phase lasts from 10 to
100 Myr. If minihalos are sterile, the IMF spans the narrower mass range M=
(1-2.8)x10^6 Msun, and the DCBH accretion phase is more extended (70-120 Myr).
We conclude that a good seeding prescription is to populate halos (a) of mass
7.5 < log (M_h/Msun) < 8, (b) in the redshift range 8 < z < 17, (c) with IMBH
in the mass range 4.75 < log (M_BH/Msun) < 6.25.Comment: MNRAS, in press. Comments welcom
The immunohistochemical expression of leptin in lymph node metastasis from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Introduction: Leptin is a proteohormone produced predominantly by white adipocytes and primarily known for its key role in the control of food intake and sense of satiety. From its discover leptin has been found in different body districts, involved in always new functions and processes. In the last years numerous relationships between leptin and cancer has been found. The aim of this study is to test the leptin positivity in human primitive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in its lymph node metastasis. Materials and methods: Leptin positivity was detected by immunohistochemical analysis on pathological samples from 18 patients subjected to laryngectomy and neck dissection for SCC. Results: During the study we pointed out a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between leptin positivity levels and tumor differentiation grade, in particular we observed that a decrease in tumor leptin production correlates with higher level of cancer histological dedifferentiation. Conclusion: Our research on leptin expression in laryngeal squamous neoplastic pathology is aimed to the attempt of establishing a more precise patient risk stratification thanks to a new marker able to give a contribution to the identification of patient with poor prognosis and at risk of failure of actual standard therapy
Black Hole Superpartners and Fixed Scalars
Some bosonic solutions of supergravities admit Killing spinors of unbroken
supersymmetry. The anti-Killing spinors of broken supersymmetry can be used to
generate the superpartners of stringy black holes. This has a consequent
feedback on the metric and the graviphoton. We have found however that the
fixed scalars for the black hole superpartners remain the same as for the
original black holes. Possible phenomenological implications of this result are
discussed.Comment: 6 pages, Late
Duality covariant non-BPS first order systems
We study extremal black hole solutions to four dimensional N=2 supergravity
based on a cubic symmetric scalar manifold. Using the coset construction
available for these models, we define the first order flow equations implied by
the corresponding nilpotency conditions on the three-dimensional scalar momenta
for the composite non-BPS class of multi-centre black holes. As an application,
we directly solve these equations for the single-centre subclass, and write the
general solution in a manifestly duality covariant form. This includes all
single-centre under-rotating non-BPS solutions, as well as their
non-interacting multi-centre generalisations.Comment: 31 pages, v2: Discussion of the quadratic constraint clarified,
references added, typos corrected, published versio
Cosmological Reionization Around the First Stars: Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer
We study the evolution of ionization fronts around the first proto-galaxies
by using high resolution numerical cosmological (Lambda+CDM model) simulations
and Monte Carlo radiative transfer methods. We present the numerical scheme in
detail and show the results of test runs from which we conclude that the scheme
is both fast and accurate. As an example of interesting cosmological
application, we study the reionization produced by a stellar source of total
mass M=2 10^8 M_\odot turning on at z=12, located at a node of the cosmic web.
The study includes a Spectral Energy Distribution of a zero-metallicity stellar
population, and two Initial Mass Functions (Salpeter/Larson). The expansion of
the I-front is followed as it breaks out from the galaxy and it is channeled by
the filaments into the voids, assuming, in a 2D representation, a
characteristic butterfly shape. The ionization evolution is very well tracked
by our scheme, as realized by the correct treatment of the channeling and
shadowing effects due to overdensities. We confirm previous claims that both
the shape of the IMF and the ionizing power metallicity dependence are
important to correctly determine the reionization of the universe.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication by
MNRA
The extremal black holes of N=4 supergravity from so(8,2+n) nilpotent orbits
We consider the stationary solutions of N=4 supergravity coupled to n vector
multiplets that define linear superpositions of non-interacting extremal black
holes. The most general solutions of this type are derived from the graded
decompositions of so(8,2+n) associated to its nilpotent orbits. We illustrate
the formalism by giving explicitly asymptotically Minkowski non-BPS solutions
of the most exotic class depending on 6+n harmonic functions.Comment: Corrected version for publication, references adde
STU Black Holes and String Triality
We find double-extreme black holes associated with the special geometry of
the Calabi-Yau moduli space with the prepotential F=STU. The area formula is
STU-moduli independent and has symmetry in space of charges.
The dual version of this theory without prepotential treats the dilaton S
asymmetric versus T,U-moduli. We display the dual relation between new (STU)
black holes and stringy (S|TU) black holes using particular Sp(8, Z)
transformation. The area formula of one theory equals that of the dual theory
when expressed in terms of dual charges. We analyse the relation between (STU)
black holes to string triality of black holes: (S|TU), (T|US), (U|ST)
solutions. In the democratic STU-symmetric version we find that all three S and
T and U duality symmetries are non-perturbative and mix electric and magnetic
charges.Comment: 12 pages, 2 Postscript figures, ref.added, minor corrections, version
to appear in Phys. Rev.
Brane-anti-brane Democracy
We suggest a duality invariant formula for the entropy and temperature of
non-extreme black holes in supersymmetric string theory. The entropy is given
in terms of the duality invariant parameter of the deviation from extremality
and 56 SU(8) covariant central charges. It interpolates between the entropies
of Schwarzschild solution and extremal solutions with various amount of
unbroken supersymmetries and therefore serves for classification of black holes
in supersymmetric string theories. We introduce the second auxiliary 56 via
E(7) symmetric constraint. The symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of
these two multiplets are related via moduli to the corresponding two
fundamental representations of E(7): brane and anti-brane "numbers." Using the
CPT as well as C symmetry of the entropy formula and duality one can explain
the mysterious simplicity of the non-extreme black hole area formula in terms
of branes and anti-branes.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, no figure
On Four-point Functions in the CFT/AdS Correspondence
We discuss the properties of four-point functions in the context of the
correspondence between a classical supergravity theory in the bulk of the Anti
de Sitter space and quantum conformal field theory at the boundary. The
contribution to a four-point function from the exchange of a scalar field of
arbitrary mass in AdS space is explicitly identified with that of the
corresponding operator in the conformal partial wave expansion of a four-point
function on the CFT side. Integral representations are found for the massless
vector and graviton exchanges. We also discuss some aspects of the four-point
functions of Tr F^2 and Tr F F^* (`dilaton' and `axion') operators in the N =4
supersymmetric Yang-Mills.Comment: 23 pages, using harvmac and epsf, three figures; v2,v3: minor
corrections; v4: argument at the end of section 5 corrected and is now
consistent with hep-th/9808006 by Freedman et a
On Symmetries of Extremal Black Holes with One and Two Centers
After a brief introduction to the Attractor Mechanism, we review the
appearance of groups of type E7 as generalized electric-magnetic duality
symmetries in locally supersymmetric theories of gravity, with particular
emphasis on the symplectic structure of fluxes in the background of extremal
black hole solutions, with one or two centers. In the latter case, the role of
an "horizontal" symmetry SL(2,R) is elucidated by presenting a set of
two-centered relations governing the structure of two-centered invariant
polynomials.Comment: 1+13 pages, 2 Tables. Based on Lectures given by SF and AM at the
School "Black Objects in Supergravity" (BOSS 2011), INFN - LNF, Rome, Italy,
May 9-13 201
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