The Effect of Salt Reduction and Partial Substitution of NaCl by KCl on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensorial Characteristics and Consumers' Acceptability of Semi-Hard and Hard Lactose-Free Cow's Milk Cheeses

Increasing consumer demand for healthier foods prompts the development of cheeses reduced in salt. The aim of his study was to assess the effect of reducing the level of sodium chloride (NaCl) and their partial substitution by potassium chloride (KCl) on the biochemical, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics and consumer's acceptability of semi-hard and hard lactose-free cow's milk cheeses. To improve the possible lower salty taste or the development of bitter taste, the addition to yeast extract, as a flavor enhancer, was also checked. Different brining times and brine conditions were tested to obtain a reduction of >25% of salt with respect to conventional cheese. Reduced-salt cheeses were elaborated by reducing half the salting time used in conventional cheeses, and a ratio of 60 Na + :40 K + was used to reduce Na concentration in substituted cheeses. The results obtained in this study show that the reduction of salt by both methods in semi-hard and hard lactose-free cheeses could be an alternative for the production of healthier and sensorial acceptable cheeses, without significantly affecting their physicochemical characteristics. The addition of yeast extract, as a flavor enhancer, increased the free amino acids (FAAs) levels but decreased the acceptability of cheeses

Encapsulating capacity of ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) : Replacement of milk fat by vegetable oils using buttermilk as a functional ingredient in yogurt processing

This study investigated the characteristics of yogurts produced by substituting dairy fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich oils encapsulated with buttermilk (BM) in spray-dried emulsions (SDE). Two homoge- nization methods, conventional (CH) and ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH), were compared to obtain the emulsions for spray drying. Recombined milks (RMs) were formulated using two different concentrations (4 g/100 g and 6 g/100 g) of SDE, followed by fermentation. Yogurt characteristics were evaluated during cold storage using various parameters, including coagulation properties, texture and rheology, microstructure, physicochemical characteristics (color, pH, total acidity, and water holding capacity), oxidative stability, main fatty acid profile, microbial assessment, and sensory evaluation. During cold storage, several parameters significantly influenced the yogurt characteristics. The CH yogurts exhibited higher textural parameters (firm- ness and consistency) and viscoelastic parameters (G' and G'') compared to the UHPH yogurts at the same SDE concentration. However, UHPH yogurts generally showed better water holding capacity (WHC) values. UHPH yogurts also demonstrated superior stability to oxidation and higher PUFA content. The observed differences between the CH and UHPH treatments can be attributed to the structuring of fat-protein-BM into colloidal particles based on the homogenization system employed in this study. Neither of the homogenization systems nor the SDE content impacted yogurt flavor.This study investigated the characteristics of yogurts produced by substituting dairy fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich oils encapsulated with buttermilk (BM) in spray-dried emulsions (SDE). Two homogenization methods, conventional (CH) and ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH), were compared to obtain the emulsions for spray drying. Recombined milks (RMs) were formulated using two different concentrations (4 g/100 g and 6 g/100 g) of SDE, followed by fermentation. Yogurt characteristics were evaluated during cold storage using various parameters, including coagulation properties, texture and rheology, microstructure, physicochemical characteristics (color, pH, total acidity, and water holding capacity), oxidative stability, main fatty acid profile, microbial assessment, and sensory evaluation. During cold storage, several parameters significantly influenced the yogurt characteristics. The CH yogurts exhibited higher textural parameters (firmness and consistency) and viscoelastic parameters(G' and G'') compared to the UHPH yogurts at the same SDE concentration. However, UHPH yogurts generally showed better water holding capacity (WHC) values. UHPH yogurts also demonstrated superior stability to oxidation and higher PUFA content. The observed differences between the CH and UHPH treatments can be attributed to the structuring of fat-protein-BM into colloidal particles based on the homogenization system employed in this study. Neither of the homogenization systems nor the SDE content impacted yogurt flavor

Buttermilk as Encapsulating Agent : Effect of Ultra-High-Pressure Homogenization on Chia Oil-in-Water Liquid Emulsion Formulations for Spray Drying

Functional foods are highly demanded by consumers. Omega-3 rich oil and commercial buttermilk (BM), as functional components, used in combination to produce emulsions for further drying may facilitate the incorporation to foods. Ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) has a great potential for technological and nutritional aspects in emulsions production. The present study aimed to examine the potential improvement of UHPH technology in producing buttermilk-stabilized omega-3 rich emulsions (BME) for further drying, compared with conventional homogenization. Oil-in-water emulsions formulated with 10% chia: sunflower oil (50:50); 30% maltodextrin and 4 to 7% buttermilk were obtained by using conventional homogenization at 30 MPa and UHPH at 100 and 200 MPa. Particle size analysis, rheological evaluation, colloidal stability, zeta-potential measurement, and microstructure observations were performed in the BME. Subsequent spray drying of emulsions were made. As preliminary approximation for evaluating differences in the homogenization technology applied, encapsulation efficiency and morphological characteristics of on spray-dried emulsions (SDE) containing 21.3 to 22.7% oil content (dry basis) were selected. This study addresses the improvement in stability of BME treated by UHPH when compared to conventional homogenization and the beneficial consequences in encapsulation efficiency and morphology of SDE

Recursos visuales y creativos para el desarrollo del bienestar en la infancia

Comunicación oralLa infancia y adolescencia se considera un momento clave en el que invertir esfuerzos en prevención de posibles dificultades. Para promover la salud en la infancia se plantea la necesidad del desarrollo de recursos que ayuden al abordaje de temas como la violencia desde un lenguaje que los menores manejen y que sirvan de forma lúdica para informar y sensibilizar a toda la población. Las herramientas basadas en la metodología creativa para conectar con los niños y su entorno han demostrado su importancia, especialmente cuando se incluye a los adultos. Estos recursos pretenden dotar a los menores y sus adultos de medios e información para poder abordar diferentes temas a través de la serie de animación que presentamos a través de un lenguaje visual, artístico y atractivo. Los docentes y los adultos responsables, apoyados por este material pueden abordar diferentes temas y promover el bienestar de forma adecuada y con metodologías lúdicas y participativas. Los recursos que se presentan tratan temas relacionados con la violencia y con el uso de las propias estrategias y fortalezas de los menores. Han sido desarrollados por expertos de la psicología y de las artes escénicas, contando con profesionales de guion, ilustración, doblaje, música y psicología. Actualmente, se cuenta con un total de tres cortos ya elaborados y/o en desarrollo que han contado con el apoyo de diferentes instituciones y organismos. La serie se desarrolla en el contexto siempre de una pandilla de amigos, de entre 8 y 10 años, tres niños y tres niñas que se reúnen en torno a un árbol madre, donde siempre hay un búho y una perrita, las situaciones que vivirán les ayudan a enfrentar distintos retos y dificultades, y a través de sus aventuras podrán ayudar a comprender a otros niños lo que está pasando y qué recursos poner en marcha.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Effectiveness of child sexual abuse prevention programs on knowledge acquisition: A meta-analytical study

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a type of maltreatment considered a global health problem. CSA is a traumatic experience with important consequences for the victim’s health. It is essential to report the effectiveness of CSA prevention programs to offer society useful tools to combat this abuse. Objective: We aimed to study the effectiveness of CSA prevention programs on the knowledge acquisition based on comparing pre- and post-treatment changes, and also if their effectiveness is related to program-related and methodological variables. Participants and settings: Standardised mean change (with studies that report pre-post program measures) of the effectiveness of CSA prevention programs published between 2014 and 2021 was carried out. Methods: The general effectiveness of these programs and whether the results were influenced by program-related variables (the duration, the target population, participants’ age, or the type of intervention) or by methodology-related factors (the agent who taught them, the geographical area where they were carried out or the way the programs were evaluated) were analysed. A total of 43 samples analysing knowledge about CSA as a dependent variable were included. Results: The results reported a combined effect size considered large (dMR = 0.96, 95 % CI [ 1.10, 0.82], p < .001). High inter-study heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analysis, although only the geographic area where the studies were conducted appears as a significant moderator. Conclusions: In conclusion, the prevention programs included in this analysis significantly improved the participants’ knowledge acquisitionFunding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Quality Characteristics and Shelf-Life of Ultra-High Pressure Homogenized (UHPH) Almond Beverage

The effects of ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) at 200 MPa, in combination with different inlet temperatures (55 or 75 °C) during storage at 4 °C were studied and compared with pasteurized (90 °C, 90 s) almond beverage. Microbiological analysis of the physical (particle sedimentation and color) and volatile profile of the most relevant compound in almond beverages was performed at days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of cold storage. UHPH treatment 200 at 75 °C led to higher microbiological reduction after treatment and higher stability during cold storage in almond beverages than pasteurization or UHPH 200 at 55 °C. Physical characteristics of UHPH-treated samples exhibited a high stability during storage with a stable color. Volatile compounds extracted by solid phase microextraction were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The effect of UHPH treatment significantly (p < 0.05) affected the volatile profile compared with pasteurized beverages, although UHPH conditions applied produced similar effects in almond beverages. Benzaldehyde was the most abundant compound detected in all treatments. Hexanal was more abundant in UHPH-treated samples, indicating a higher lipid oxidation compared to pasteurized almond beverages

Personalidad y síndromes clínicos : un estudio con el MCMI-III basado en una muestra española

This work presents a research carried out in Spain with 7011 patients who completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). Prevalence and percentages of clinical personality traits and clinical syndromes were studied, fi nding a higher prevalence of compulsive, narcissistic, and histrionic personality traits, and of the clinical anxiety syndrome. Also, we found (a) higher ratings in men than in women for traits/syndromes narcissistic, paranoid, antisocial, schizoid, thought disorder, substance abuse and alcohol abuse scales; and (b) higher ratings in women than in men for traits/syndromes depressive, dependent, avoidant, borderline, negativistic, aggressivesadistic, dysthymic, somatoform, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Correlations between the personality scales and the clinical syndromes (i.e., Axis II and Axis I variables), controlling for the effect of sex, were statistically signifi cant (the compulsive, narcissistic, and histrionic scales correlated negatively).Este trabajo presenta una investigación con 7011 pacientes a los que se les ha aplicado el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-III) en España. Se estudia la prevalencia y porcentajes de los rasgos clínicos de personalidad y de síndromes clínicos encontrándose mayor frecuencia de rasgos de personalidad compulsiva, narcisista e histriónica y, como síndromes clínicos, del síndrome de ansiedad. Se analiza la prevalencia según el sexo, hallando (a) mayor frecuencia de hombres en los rasgos/síndromes narcisista, paranoide, antisocial, esquizoide, trastorno del pensamiento, abuso de sustancias y abuso de alcohol; y (b) mayor frecuencia de mujeres en las personalidades depresiva, dependiente, evitativa, límite, negativista, y agresivo-sádica, y en los trastornos distímico, somatomorfo, y trastorno de estrés postraumático. Además, se presentan los coefi cientes de correlación entre las escalas del Eje II y las del Eje I, controlando el efecto de la variable sexo. Todas las escalas de personalidad correlacionaron con los síndromes clínicos de manera signifi cativa (las escalas compulsiva, narcisista e histriónica correlacionaban en sentido negativo).This work presents a research carried out in Spain with 7011 patients who completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). Prevalence and percentages of clinical personality traits and clinical syndromes were studied, fi nding a higher prevalence of compulsive, narcissistic, and histrionic personality traits, and of the clinical anxiety syndrome. Also, we found (a) higher ratings in men than in women for traits/syndromes narcissistic, paranoid, antisocial, schizoid, thought disorder, substance abuse and alcohol abuse scales; and (b) higher ratings in women than in men for traits/syndromes depressive, dependent, avoidant, borderline, negativistic, aggressivesadistic, dysthymic, somatoform, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Correlations between the personality scales and the clinical syndromes (i.e., Axis II and Axis I variables), controlling for the effect of sex, were statistically signifi cant (the compulsive, narcissistic, and histrionic scales correlated negatively)

Impact of oil phase concentration on physical and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate and ultra-high pressure homogenization

In the present study, oil-in-water emulsions were formulated using 5.0% (w/v) of sodium caseinate (SC) and different oil concentrations (10–30%, v/v) by conventional homogenization (CH) and ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH, 200–300 MPa). The effect of oil concentration and pressure of treatment on emulsions characteristics and stability was studied. Emulsions were characterized assessing their microstructure, droplet size distribution, rheological properties, emulsifying activity index (EAI), creaming stability by Turbiscan®, and photo-oxidation. UHPH emulsions, especially those treated at 200 MPa, showed smaller droplet size and greater physical stability than CH emulsions. In addition, emulsions containing higher oil volume fractions (20 and 30%) exhibited greater physical and oxidative stability. UHPH emulsions treated at 200 MPa and containing 20% oil content were the most stable emulsions against physical separation and photo-oxidation. These results show that UHPH is a potential technology to enhance the physical and oxidative stability of emulsions containing sodium caseinate as emulsifier for several applications

Eficacia de los talleres infantiles del proyecto de prevención “Creando conciencia sobre el abuso sexual en la infancia”

Los menores están expuestos a diferentes riesgos y situaciones en su etapa evolutiva. La literatura científica pone de manifiesto la importancia del trabajo preventivo en el contexto educativo para abordar las dificultades en la etapa de la infancia. Con este objetivo se desarrolló el proyecto de la Asociación Con.Ciencia, que pretende ofrecer recursos y conciencia sobre el abuso sexual infantil (ASI), financiado en convocatoria competitiva por la Diputación de Málaga. En este estudio se presentan los resultados del análisis de la eficacia de una parte de este proyecto, los talleres a estudiantes de primaria con cuatro ejes fundamentales: la intuición, el reconocimiento de las sensaciones corporales, los secretos y las personas de confianza. Método: Participaron un total de 87 niños y niñas de 3º de primaria de tres centros educativos de la provincia de Málaga con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 10 años (M=8,21). Todos participaban en el programa de prevención del ASI de la Asociación Con.Ciencia. Se diseñó una evaluación específica para analizar los efectos de los talleres llevados a cabo con preguntas sobre las 4 áreas trabajadas. Se realizó el cuestionario antes y después de cada taller de forma colectiva y anónima. Resultados: Los resultados apuntan a que existen diferencias significativas en tres de las cuatro preguntas evaluadas antes y después de recibir el taller de prevención. No se obtuvieron diferencias entre géneros. Discusión: El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar datos sobre el proyecto de prevención “creando Conciencia sobre el abuso sexual en la infancia” a la comunidad científica, exponiendo los resultados de los talleres donde los menores aprenden herramientas para detectar y pedir ayuda en una situación problemática. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de la labor preventiva en un importante contexto de referencia para los menores como es el escolar.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec