O impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 na oferta de procedimentos odontológicos realizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde : uma perspectiva sindêmica

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of dental care procedures performed by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) nationally and by regions. Considering that the most underprivileged population disproportionately suffers with the reduction in dental care provision, the study hypothesis suggests the presence of a syndemic nature. Methodology: The SUS Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS) was assessed to gather data on dental care activities and procedures performed between April and July 2018, 2019, and 2020 by dentists registered in the SUS. The 30 most frequent activities and procedures performed by dentists were selected and classified into three categories (urgent dental care, nonemergency dental care, and case-dependent urgency procedures), based on the guidance for dental care during the pandemic published by the American Dental Association. Results: Results demonstrated a reduction in the provision of dental care of all categories during the pandemic. Urgency dental consultations and procedures in primary and specialized dental care services decreased by 42.5 and 44.1%, respectively, between 2020 and 2019. Non-urgent procedures decreased by 92.3%. Although decreases in dental care activities and procedures were reported in all Brazilian regions, the largest relative decreases in urgent procedures – that should have been maintained during the pandemic – occurred in the North and Northeast regions, which are the poorest regions of the country. Conclusions: These results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has a syndemic behavior. Further investigation into the pandemic-syndemic impacts on oral disease burden is necessary.Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou o impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 na oferta de atendimento odontológico pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil. Considerando que a população de menor nível socioeconômico sofre desproporcionalmente com a redução da oferta de atendimento odontológico, a hipótese do artigo sugere a presença de caráter sindêmico nessa situação. Métodos: O Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial do SUS (SIA-SUS) foi utilizado para coletar os dados das atividades e procedimentos odontológicos realizados entre abril e julho de 2018, 2019 e 2020 por dentistas cadastrados no SUS. Os 30 procedimentos mais frequentes realizados por dentistas foram selecionados e classificados em três categorias (atendimento odontológico de urgência, atendimento odontológico não emergencial e atendimento de urgência dependente de casos), com base nas orientações para atendimento odontológico durante a pandemia em curso, publicadas pela Associação Odontológica Americana. Resultados: Houve uma redução na oferta de atendimento odontológico em todas as categorias durante a pandemia. As consultas e procedimentos odontológicos de urgência em serviços de atenção básica e especializada diminuíram 42,5 e 44,1%, respectivamente, entre 2020 e 2019. Os procedimentos não urgentes diminuíram 92,3%. Embora as reduções nas atividades e procedimentos odontológicos tenham ocorrido em todas as regiões brasileiras, as maiores quedas relativas aos procedimentos de urgência — que deveriam ter sido mantidas durante a pandemia de covid-19 — ocorreram nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, que são as mais pobres do país. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a pandemia covid-19 possui um comportamento sindêmico. Uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre os impactos da pandemia-sindemia na carga de doenças bucais é necessária

Dental pain in homeless adults in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Objective To evaluate the association of dental pain with time living on the street in a sample of homeless people in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with homeless people who accessed social services in 2017. A questionnaire was administered covering socioeconomic variables and including questions about general health, use of tobacco/alcohol/drugs, use of dental services and history of dental pain. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was calculated in an oral examination. The association between socioeconomic characteristics, health status, time of homelessness and dental pain was evaluated using chi-square, t-, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results A total sample of 214 homeless people was surveyed. Most were male (76.2%), had a low level of education (67.6%) and experienced many episodes of dental pain during life (91.0%). The last episode of pain was moderate or intense (79.7%) and do-it-yourself measures for pain relief were preferred (62.3%). Individuals who were homeless for longer than 1 year had more dental pain in the past (P < 0.001), more frequency of a recent episode of dental pain (P = 0.03), and sought a dentist or healthcare service to relieve pain less frequently (P = 0.03). Conclusions Dental pain is frequent in the context of homelessness and does not necessarily result in seeking dental services, even where there is universal oral health care

Dental emergency : scoping review

Part of the oral health care in the care network encompasses users in emergency cases. This study proposed mapping the determinants of the use of dental care services within the health care network to address dental emergencies within the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS) and to verify the main gaps in the research in this area. This is a scoping review that took place in 2018 using Andersen’s behavioral model as a reference. A total of 16 studies, out of 3786 original articles identified, were included and reviewed. Two reviewers independently conducted the selection process and the decision was consensually made. The mapping of the determinants revealed a greater number of enabling factors and a larger gap in the results. Greater use of the emergency service was registered by people in pain, women, adults, those from an urban area, people with a lower income, and those with less education. In future studies, primary surveys are recommended, which include all ages, and analyze different groups of needs and users that take into account the country’s northern region and the different subjects pointed out by this review

Tratamento odontológico disponível e sua associação com a satisfação com os serviços de atenção primária à saúde acessados por idosos

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar se a presença de equipes de saúde bucal nas unidades de atenção primária à saúde do SUS está associada a maior satisfação com o serviço acessado. Material e método: Neste estudo, de delineamento transversal, entrevistaram-se 401 idosos nos distritos Lomba do Pinheiro e Partenon em Porto Alegre, selecionados através de um processo amostral por conglomerados, a partir do sorteio de setores censitários. Resultado: A Regressão de Poisson demonstrou que as variáveis idade e oferta de tratamento odontológico se mantiveram associadas com o desfecho, já as variáveis idade, número de dentes e presença de tratamento odontológico estiveram associados com maiores prevalências à satisfação com o serviço de saúde. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados trazem novas contribuições para a qualificação do SUS, uma vez que o estudo demonstra a necessidade de valorizar e integrar as equipes de saúde bucal às equipes de APS, pois traz evidências da associação entre a presença da equipe de saúde bucal e a satisfação dos usuários idosos com o serviço de saúde acessado.Objective: This research evaluated whether having dental treatment available in the primary health care centers of the Brazilian Unified Health System was associated with greater satisfaction with the services accessed. The offering of dental care within the health service that elders usually access may improve their satisfaction with the services as a whole. Material and method: In this cross-sectional study, 401 elders living in the districts of Lomba do Pinheiro and Partenon in Porto Alegre, Brazil were interviewed. Elders were selected using a cluster sampling design process from census tract drawings. Result: Poisson Regression revealed that age and dental treatment supply were associated with outcome, and age, number of teeth, and the presence of dental treatment were associated with a higher prevalence of satisfaction with health services. Conclusion: These results provide new contributions for health system qualification because this study demonstrated the importance of having dental treatment available to improve the satisfaction of older people with the Primary Health Care (PHC) services accessed

Curative procedures of oral health and structural characteristics of primary dental care

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the provision of clinical dental care, by means of the main curative procedures recommended in Primary Health Care, is associated with team structural characteristics, considering the presence of a minimum set of equipment, instrument, and supplies in Brazil’s primary health care services. METHODS: A cross-sectional exploratory study based on data collected from 18,114 primary healthcare services with dental health teams in Brazil, in 2014. The outcome was created from the confirmation of five clinical procedures performed by the dentist, accounting for the presence of minimum equipment, instrument, and supplies to carry them out. Covariables were related to structural characteristics. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to obtain crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: A total of 1,190 (6.5%) dental health teams did not present the minimum equipment to provide clinical dental care and only 2,498 (14.8%) had all the instrument and supplies needed and provided the five curative procedures assessed. There was a positive association between the outcome and the composition of dental health teams, higher workload, performing analysis of health condition, and monitoring of oral health indicators. Additionally, the dental health teams that planned and programmed oral health actions with the primary care team monthly provided the procedures more frequently. Dentists with better employment status, career plans, graduation in public health or those who underwent permanent education activities provided the procedures more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: A relevant number of Primary Health Care services did not have the infrastructure to provide clinical dental care. However, better results were found in dental health teams with oral health technicians, with higher workload and that plan their activities, as well as in those that employed dentists with better working relationships, who had dentists with degrees in public health and who underwent permanent education activities

Primary dental healthcare in Brazil : the work process of oral health teams

A garantia de atenção odontológica passa pelo desenvolvimento de práticas pautadas na vigilância em saúde, a fim de concretizar a integralidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre aspectos contextuais dos municípios brasileiros, características do processo de trabalho e a realização de um rol de procedimentos odontológicos curativos pelas equipes de saúde bucal (ESB). Trata-se de estudo exploratório transversal cuja coleta multicêntrica de dados se deu em 11.374 ESB avaliadas pelo Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Foi empregada regressão de Poisson multinível para obtenção da prevalência de realização de procedimentos odontológicos curativos, que foi de 69,51%. As variáveis contextuais e da equipe de saúde que se mantiveram associadas ao desfecho incluíram municípios cuja proporção de internações sensíveis à atenção básica foi menor que 28% e cuja proporção de exodontias foi menor que 8%; bem como ESB de modalidade II que tinham à disposição materiais, insumos e melhores processos de trabalho. Esta análise multinível, que considera o desempenho da atenção odontológica curativa no Brasil, aponta para um cenário de atenção odontológica preocupante.Ensuring access to dental care services requires the development of healthsurveillance practices to ensure comprehensive health care. The objective of this study was toinvestigate the association between social and economic indicators of Brazilian municipalities, work process characteristics, and performance of a list of curative dental procedures by oral health teams. It involved an exploratory, cross-sectional study withmulticenter data collection from 11,374 oral health teams assessed by the National Program for Improvement of Access to and Quality of Primary Healthcare. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to obtain the prevalence of curative dental procedures, which was 69.51%. The social/economic and work variables that remained associated with the outcome included municipalities in which the proportion of primary care-sensitive admissions was below 28% and that of tooth extractions below 8%; and oral health teams classified as type II (including oral health assistant and technician) that had different materials available and better work processes. This multilevel analysis, which took into consideration the performance of curative dental care in Brazil, reveals a worrying oral healthcare scenario

Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal: metassíntese dos estudos sobre a Rede de Saúde Bucal

OBJETIVO Analisar o desempenho da rede de cuidados em saúde bucal orientada a partir sua implantação, em 2004 até 2020, segundo publicações sobre o tema. MÉTODOS Trata-se de uma pesquisa com descrição metodológica de metassíntese. RESULTADOS As buscas resultaram em 600 publicações completas (586 na primeira busca e mais 14 na segunda busca), de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos. Foram excluídos 539 artigos: 151 artigos após análise de duplicidade, 236 artigos após a leitura do título, 45 pelo tipo de publicação e 107 artigos após leitura do resumo, por não se enquadrarem na temática da pesquisa. Dessa forma, foram selecionadas e analisadas 61 publicações originais e mais 29 publicações em snowball sampling, totalizando 90 publicações. A partir dessa seleção,optou-se por usaro modelo proposto pelo Projeto de Avaliações de Desempenho de Sistemas de Saúde – PROADESS. O estudo se utilizará de seus princípios norteadores sobre a dimensão “Desempenho dos Serviços de Saúde”. CONCLUSÃO O conjunto analisado permitiu identificar que a forma como o Estado brasileiro organiza e financia o atendimento em saúde bucal possibilitou a ampliação do acesso e do número de procedimentos realizados, mas não da criação de uma efetiva Rede de cuidados integrais, após mais de uma década de implementação do Brasil Sorridente.OBJECTIVE Analyze the performance of the oriented oral health care network from its implementation, in 2004 to 2020, according to publications on the subject. METHODS This is a research with a methodological description of metasynthesis. RESULTS The searches resulted in 600 complete publications (586 in the first search and another 14 in the second search), according to the established criteria. 539 articles were excluded: 151 after duplication analysis, 236 after reading the title, 45 by type of publication and 107 after reading the abstract, as they did not fit the research theme. Thus, 61 original publications and another 29 publications in snowball sampling were selected and analyzed, totaling 90 publications. From this selection, we chose to use the model proposed by the Projeto de Avaliações de Desempenho de Sistemas de Saúde (PROADESS — Health Systems Performance Assessment Project). The study will use its guiding principles on the dimension “Health Services Performance”. CONCLUSION The analyzed set allowed us to identify that the way the Brazilian State organizes and finances oral health care made it possible to expand access and the number of procedures performed, but not the creation of an effective comprehensive care network, after more than a decade of implementation of Brasil Sorridente (Smiling Brazil)

Differential impacts of caries classification in children and adults : a comparison of ICDAS and DMF-T

The aim of this study was to describe and compare findings regarding the prevalence and severity of dental caries when using ICDAS and DMFT/dmft in an epidemiological study with children and their mothers. This cross-sectional study evaluated 150 preschoolers and their mothers. Data were collected with ICDAS and then transformed into DMFT/dmft. ICDAS scores related to caries were analyzed according to three different cut-off-points: CP1 (0-healthy/1-6-caries), CP2 (0-1-healthy/2-6-caries) and CP3 (0-2-healthy/3-6- caries), representing the D/d of DMFT/dmft. ICDAS codes regarding restorations, except sealants, were considered the F/f and the code 97 as the M/m of DMFT/dmft index. Prevalence of caries and its severity with ICDAS were 92%, 84% and 31.3% in children and 97.3%, 96.6% and 80% in adults according to CP1/CP2/CP3, respectively. Admitting CP3 as the standard for data transformation of ICDAS in DMFT/dmft, it was observed that DMFT/dmft index would underestimate 60% of non-cavitated lesions in children and 16.6% in adults. The DMFT/dmft underestimated the presence of disease to disregard non-cavitated lesions for the pediatric population evaluated. The choice of which is the best index for epidemiological surveys will depend on the purpose of the research and the target population: if it is to estimate the needs of the population to determine clinical care in children and adults, the DMFT/dmft may be sufficient. However, if the objective is to have a more comprehensive diagnosis of caries at the population level in order to develop preventive strategies, to halt and reverse the disease, the detection of non-cavitated-lesions becomes important, mainly in young children

Consenso do simpósio promovido pela Associação Gaúcha de Odontopediatria sobre riscos e benefícios de dentifrícios fluoretados na primeira infância

This Consensus reports the conclusions from the Symposium promoted by the Associação Gaúcha de Odontopediatria (AGOPED) conducted in September 2012 with the title Fluoride Dentifrices in Primary Childhood: Risks and Benefits. The conclusions of the Symposium were as follows: based on the best available scientific evidence about strategies to control dental caries, it is recommended that a fluoride dentifrice of at least 1100 ppm of fluoride be used two times a day as an adjuvant for tooth cleaning by all children; during the phase in which children are not able to self-care, the use of fluoride dentifrice is a parents’ responsibility warranting greater safety about dental fluorosis; it is also recommended that only a small amount of dentifrice (pea size) should be used for children under 2 years of age.A Associação Gaúcha de Odontopediatria (AGOPED), entidade que tem por finalidade, entre outras, promover o intercâmbio cultural, técnico e científico com entidades congêneres, pondo em prática medidas concretas para atingir seus objetivos, realizou nos dias 09 e 10 de setembro últimos, um Simpósio intitulado “Dentifrícios Fluoretados na 1a Infância: Riscos e Benefícios”. O objetivo deste Simpósio foi discutir com base na melhor evidência científica disponível os riscos e benfícios da utilização dos dentifrícios fluoretados na primeira infância. As principais conclusões do simpósio foram: 1. Com base na melhor evidência científica disponível sobre estratégias para o controle de cárie dentária, se recomenda que um creme dental fluoretado de no mínimo 1100 ppm de flúor seja utilizado 2x/dia como coadjuvante da limpeza dos dentes de todas as crianças; 2. Enquanto a criança não tiver condições de se autocuidar, o uso de dentifrício fluoretado é de responsabildade dos pais ou cuidadores, garantindo assim maior segurança quanto à fluorose dentária; 3. Também se recomenda que seja usada apenas uma lambuzadela ("grão de arroz cru") de dentifrício fluoretado quando da limpeza dos dentes de crianças menores de 2 anos de idade