As bolboretas e o seu papel na educación ambiental: xardíns de bolboretas

[Resumo] As bolboretas diúrnas son un excelente grupo de bioindicadores que nos permite comprobar que se están a producir cambios nos ciclos biolóxicos das especies. Identificar e facer un seguimento de bolboretas diúrnas é moi doado; a creación de xardíns de bolboretas supón un interesante recurso didáctico que facilita, entre outras moitas cousas, este labor.[Abstract] The creation of butterfly gardens provide interesting educational sites and allow us to monitor change within the biological cycle of species present. Day-flying butterflies are excellent bioindicators, easy to identify and monitor and provide proof that a change is taking place

Gestió forestal i biodiversitat: propostes d'actuació en el cas de la serra del Moncayo (Saragossa)

En el present treball, s'aporten algunes propostes de gestió forestal, compatibles amb el manteniment d'un nivell òptim de biodiversitat en diferents comunitats forestals de la serra del Moncayo (Saragossa).This paper presents some proposals on forest management that can be compatible with the manteinance of optimum biodiversity level in different forest communities of Moncayo mountains (Zaragoza-Spain)

Case report: A third variant in the 5′ UTR of TWIST1 creates a novel upstream translation initiation site in a child with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome

Introduction: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, a craniosynostosis syndrome characterized by the premature closure of the coronal sutures, dysmorphic facial features and limb anomalies, is caused by haploinsufficiency of TWIST1. Although the majority of variants localize in the coding region of the gene, two variants in the 5′ UTR have been recently reported to generate novel upstream initiation codons. Methods: Skeletal dysplasia Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was used for genetic analysis in a patient with bicoronal synostosis, facial dysmorphisms and limb anomalies. The variant pathogenicity was assessed by a luciferase reporter promoter assay. Results: Here, we describe the identification of a third ATG-creating de novo variant, c.-18C>T, in the 5′ UTR of TWIST1 in the patient with a clinical diagnosis of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. It was predicted to create an out-of-frame new upstream translation initiation codon resulting in a 40 amino acid larger functionally inactive protein. We performed luciferase reporter promoter assays to demonstrate that the variant does indeed reduce translation from the main open reading frame. Conclusion: This is the third variant identified in this region and confirms the introduction of upstream ATGs in the 5′ UTR of TWIST1 as a pathogenic mechanism in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. This case report shows the necessity for performing functional characterization of variants of unknown significance within national health services

The effect of orlistat on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia by oral fat loading test. A systematic review

Orlistat induces weight loss by blocking hydrolysis of triglyceride in the intestine, and has thereby been associated with favorable changes in postprandial triglycerides (ppTGL). Some epidemiological studies have identified ppTGL concentrations as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Oral fat loading test (OFLT) has been used for screening of elevated levels of ppTGL. The objective of the present systematic review is to present available data on the effects of orlistat on OFLT. We found 11 studies, seven of which studied the effect of a single dose of orlistat on OFLT in three healthy volunteers, one with obesity, two with type-2 diabetes and one with hyperlipidemic patients. The other four studied the effect of orlistat on OFLT, but after a previous period of time with daily treatment with orlistat: 1 healthy volunteer, 2 obese volunteers, and one patient with hyperlipidemia. Our systematic review suggests that orlistat can help to reduce postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in obese, dyslipemic and type-2 diabetic patients. Regarding free fatty acids, they could be reduced but not all the authors have found the same results. In relation to type-2 diabetic patients, we have found three studies with conflicting results on the immediate effect of orlistat on the postprandial GLP-1 response. In conclusion, orlistat can help to reduce postprandial plasmatic TGL, especially in patients with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia related to obesity, dyslipidemia or type-2 diabetes

Influencia de un programa psicoeducativo en la mejora del estado de salud en trastorno por atracón y trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad comórbidos.

La presente tesis doctoral trata de evaluar la influencia de un programa psicoeducativo en la mejora del estado de salud en personas con trastorno por atracón (TA en adelante) y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH en adelante) comórbidos.La psicoeducación consiste en un abordaje que enseña al afectado y su familia en qué consiste el trastorno, qué características tiene, y qué puede hacer para manejarlo.Las hipótesis de este trabajo son las siguientes: Los pacientes con TA + TDAH mostrarán mejoría en la sintomatología alimentaria global, mayor conocimiento sobre las características del TDAH y del TA, mayor motivación al cambio, presentará menor impulsividad (cognitiva, motora, no planificada y total), verá aumentada su satisfacción corporal, reducirá el número de atracones, presentará menor desajuste psicológico general y menos ansiedad tras participar en un programa psicoeducativo respecto a los que no hayan participado en este programa.Para este trabajo se ha realizado un ensayo controlado aleatorizado unicéntrico. Se ha utilizado un diseño experimental, formando tres grupos (dos de los cuales actúan como grupo experimental (con 10 participantes cada grupo) y que recibiría el tratamiento y otro como grupo control (20 personas), que no recibiría dicho tratamiento). Los participantes de este trabajo son personas diagnosticadas tanto por un TCA como por un TDAH, mayores de edad, que están acudiendo a la Unidad de Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria del Hospital San Jorge de Huesca. El programa psicoeducativo consta de 6 sesiones de 90 minutos de duración, a razón de 1 sesión por semana. El formato del programa psicoeducativo es grupal.Para obtener tanto la línea de base como una medida posterior, se utilizan los siguientes instrumentos: ASRS.V1.1, WURS, EAT-40, EDI-3, BITE, BSQ, BIS-11, STAI, CGI y una Encuesta de Satisfacción elaborada ad hoc para este trabajo. Los resultados indican que se cumplen todas las hipótesis indicadas anteriormente, concluyendo que este programa es eficaz para tratar estos aspectos, y que además el formato grupal es eficaz y resulta económico para tratar estas patologías mediante un formato psicoeducativo. <br /

Seven microaneurysms: Description of an experimental rodent model for neurovascular training

AIM: To demonstrate the microsurgical procedures, and to evaluate the feasibility of living models of experimental neurovascular training by developing new complex vascular exercises mimicking the most common intracranial aneurysms. MATERIAL and METHODS: The procedures were performed under a Zeiss (OPMI pico f170) microscope using basic microsurgery instruments, 10/0 Nylon and blue Polypropylene micro-sutures. We selected adult albino Wistar rats weighing between 258 and 471g each. Seven different aneurysm types were created using carotid, jugular, cava, aorta and femoral vessels. RESULTS: Seven types of aneurysm were designed and created in the rat with a high-medium successful rate. There are differences in terms of realism and the difficulty of performance, according to the different types: lateral wall, bifurcation, top of the basilar, fusiform, fusiform + involved branch, Anterior Communicating Artery (ACoA) and giant. The steps and technical issues to produce these exercises are described. CONCLUSION: We show the feasibility of creating several types of aneurysm using different vessels in a rodent model. Training on these models help to improve microsurgical skills, allowing safe practice for neurosurgeons in all stages of their caree

The hippocampus as the switchboard between perception and memory.

Adaptive memory recall requires a rapid and flexible switch from external perceptual reminders to internal mnemonic representations. However, owing to the limited temporal or spatial resolution of brain imaging modalities used in isolation, the hippocampal–cortical dynamics supporting this process remain unknown. We thus employed an object-scene cued recall paradigm across two studies, including intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) and high-density scalp EEG. First, a sustained increase in hippocampal high gamma power (55 to 110 Hz) emerged 500 ms after cue onset and distinguished successful vs. unsuccessful recall. This increase in gamma power for successful recall was followed by a decrease in hippocampal alpha power (8 to 12 Hz). Intriguingly, the hippocampal gamma power increase marked the moment at which extrahippocampal activation patterns shifted from perceptual cue toward mnemonic target representations. In parallel, source-localized EEG alpha power revealed that the recall signal progresses from hippocampus to posterior parietal cortex and then to medial prefrontal cortex. Together, these results identify the hippocampus as the switchboard between perception and memory and elucidate the ensuing hippocampal–cortical dynamics supporting the recall process.post-print1844 K

Atypical clinical presentation and long-term survival in a patient with optic nerve medulloepithelioma: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Medulloepithelioma is a rare congenital tumor of the primitive medullary neuroepithelium. A significant proportion of patients with medulloepithelioma arising from the optic nerve die from intracranial spread or cerebral metastasis. Because it has no known distinct clinical features and because of its low frequency, this tumor presents within the first two to six years of life and is usually misdiagnosed clinically as a different type of optic nerve tumor. Here, we describe a new and atypical case of medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve in a 12-year-old boy. To the best of our knowledge, he is the oldest reported patient to present with this disease and, now as an adult, has the longest documented period of disease-free survival.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 12-year-old Caucasian boy with headache and unilateral amaurosis was referred for a presumed optic nerve glioma to our hospital. A computed tomography scan showed optic nerve enlargement, and fundoscopy showed a whitish mass at the optic disc. Our patient had been followed at his local hospital for four years for an 'optic disc cyst' with no change or progression. He experienced mild progressive visual impairment during that period. He was admitted for resection, and a histopathological analysis revealed a medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve. Supplemental orbital radiotherapy was performed. He remained disease-free for 25 years.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve can clinically mimic more common pediatric tumors, such as optic glioma, meningioma, or retinoblastoma. Thus, medulloepithelioma should be included in the differential diagnoses of pediatric optic nerve lesions. Fundoscopy in these patients may provide relevant information for diagnosis. Anterior optic nerve medulloepitheliomas may behave differently from and have a better prognosis than medulloepitheliomas that have a more posterior location. Our case report illustrates that long-term survival can be achieved in patients with this malignant tumor.</p

A nationwide evaluation of bevacizumab-based treatments in pediatric low-grade glioma in the UK: safety, efficacy, visual morbidity, and outcomes

BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab is increasingly used in children with pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) despite limited evidence. A nationwide UK service evaluation was conducted to provide larger cohort "real life" safety and efficacy data including functional visual outcomes. METHODS: Children receiving bevacizumab-based treatments (BBT) for PLGG (2009-2020) from 11 centers were included. Standardized neuro-radiological (RANO-LGG) and visual (logMAR visual acuity) criteria were used to assess clinical-radiological correlation, survival outcomes and multivariate prognostic analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-eight children with PLGG received BBT either as 3rd line with irinotecan (85%) or alongside 1st/2nd line chemotherapies (15%). Toxicity was limited and minimal. Partial response (PR, 40%), stable disease (SD, 49%), and progressive disease (PD, 11%) were seen during BBT. However, 65% progressed at 8 months (median) from BBT cessation, leading to a radiology-based 3 yr-progression-free survival (PFS) of 29%. Diencephalic syndrome (P = .03) was associated with adverse PFS. Pre-existing visual morbidity included unilateral (25%) or bilateral (11%) blindness. Improvement (29%) or stabilization (49%) of visual acuity was achieved, more often in patients' best eyes. Vision deteriorated during BBT in 14 (22%), with 3-year visual-PFS of 53%; more often in patients' worst eyes. A superior visual outcome (P = .023) was seen in neurofibromatosis type 1-associated optic pathway glioma (OPG). Concordance between visual and radiological responses was 36%; optimized to 48% using only best eye responses. CONCLUSIONS: BBTs provide effective short-term PLGG control and delay further progression, with a better sustained visual (best > worst eye) than radiological response. Further research could optimize the role of BBT toward a potentially sight-saving strategy in OPG