A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Biology of Omaspides pallidipennis Boheman, 1854 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)

The biology and the feeding habits of the subsocial species Omaspides pallidipennis were studied at the Floresta Nacional de Passa Quatro, MG, Brazil, during the period from October 2010 to April 2011. The species was bivoltine, beginning its reproductive and food cycle in October (spring) and seeking its diapause sites in April (autumn). The juveniles took 54.4 days on average to complete their development, a period in which the female remained close to offspring, only feeding during the larval stage of the juveniles. It is a monophagous species, feeding only on Ipomoea alba Linnaeus (Convolvulaceae). In the first cycle, the average number of eggs was 55.7±15.5 eggs per egg cluster (n=1,837 eggs in 33 clusters) and in the second it was 61.6±14.2 eggs per egg cluster (n=5,607 eggs in 91 clusters). Oviposition peaks were observed in the months of November and February. The average durations of the incubation period and the larval and the pupal development in the first cycle were 19.2±1.4; 26.0±1.5; 8.7±0.8 days, respectively. In the second cycle they wrere 16.7±1.4; 27.0±2.4; 10.2±1.5 days, respectively

Diversity of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Cerrado biome of the southern of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

An inventory of social wasps in Cerrado biome of the southern of the state of Minas Gerais was performed. A comparison between field and Riparian Forest areas was made in relation to species richness; correlations between diversity, sample methods and environmental factors were conducted. A total of 32 species was registered and Polybia fastidiosuscula de Saussure, 1854 was the most abundant species. The higher richness was in the Cerrado Field, as well as the highest diversity index. The temperature and rainfall had significant correlation with species richness and a significant variation in richness between dry and wet seasons was observed. Polybia fastidiosuscula was more abundant in the Riparian Forest during the dry season and in the Cerrado Field during wet season. The study area showed a great diversity of social wasps, with record both widely distributed species such as rare species, which indicates the quality and potential area for future studies

Agenysa peruviana Spaeth 1915

Agenysa peruviana Spaeth 1915 New Record (Figure 1A, Table 1) One of us (RW) observed several adults feeding on a Mikania species (Asteraceae) on at least four separate occasions between 2003–2010 in Peru: Loreto Province: Picuroyacu, 150 m, in forest clearings and at forest borders. RW also found individuals feeding on a different Mikania species in Brazil: Amazonas Province, Tabatinga, 4°13’48.30” S, 69° 56’12.45” W, 200 m, understorey of riverine forest, 4.IX.2008. Brazil is a new country record and Mikania is the first host record for this species.Published as part of Chaboo, Caroline S., Frieiro-Costa, Fernando A., Gómez-Zurita, Jesús & Westerduijn, Rob, 2014, Origins and diversification of subsociality in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Chrysomelinae), pp. 2325-2367 in Journal of Natural History 48 (37 - 38) on page 2336, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.909060, http://zenodo.org/record/519430

Origins and diversification of subsociality in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Chrysomelinae)

Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae; ~40,000 species) are commonly solitary animals but subsociality, maternal care of broods, is known in Cassidinae and Chrysomelinae. We report 11 novel records from Brazil and Peru, bringing the number of subsocial chrysomelids to 35 species in 10 genera. Two evolutionary models of chrysomelid subsociality have been proposed. One proposed three independent origins within Chrysomelinae, based on the potential phylogenetic positions of subsocial genera. The other hypothesised that an evolutionary arms race between chrysomelid prey and their predators, parasites, and parasitoids has led to an escalation of defences. Using our phylogenies, we propose that subsociality originated independently in Cassidinae and Chrysomelinae, and several times within each subfamily. Subsociality was preceded by particular behaviours. In Cassidinae, exophagous larvae with chemically offensive faecal weaponry preceded aggregated living, group defences (e.g. cycloalexy), and maternal guarding. In Chrysomelinae, offensive glandular compounds preceded ovi- and viviparity before subsociality. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.This study was supported by a NSF-EPSCoR grant #66928 (USA; CSC), by the Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF, Spain; JGZ), by the Centro Universitário de Lavras (Brazil; FFC), and by Stichting Bevordering van Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands; RW).Peer Reviewe

Alvorecer de uma nova ciência: a medicina tropicalista baiana The dawning of a new science

No século XIX, o saber e o ensino médico e a assistência clínica, de caráter especulativo e elitista, entram em choque, no Brasil, com novas teorias da doença e do cuidado médico baseadas na parasitologia, bacteriologia e anatomopatologia e numa clínica experimental orientada para enfermidades tropicais dos pobres. O novo referencial teórico e social, que influi na política pública de saúde, entra em decadência quando é apropriado pela ideologia da inferioridade racial e cultural da população de origem africana. Duas novas disciplinas - antropologia física criminal e medicina legal - geram conhecimentos inéditos nos meios intelectuais e, ao mesmo tempo, são funcionais à ordem dominante, dando curso forçado a princípios e dispositivos de que a mesma elite usa para se perpetuar no poder. Essa construção híbrida é o legado de barbárie à civilização atual.<br>Medicine in 19th-century Brazil was a scientific field where traditional knowledge, academic teaching, and clinical care found themselves clashing with new theories of illness and medical care underpinned by pioneer disciplines like parasitology, bacteriology, and anatomopatbology and an experimental clinical practice focused on tropical diseases which afflict the poor. This new set of theoretical and social references which affected public health-care policy saw its decadence when it was appropriated by an ideology that argued that the Afro-Brazilian population was racially and culturally inferior. Two new disciplines- criminal physical anthropology and legal medicine- contributed to the development of specialized knowledge within intellectual circles. At the same time, they were placed at the service of the ruling order, reinforcing principles and devices that the elite utilized to keep itself in power. This hybrid structure constitutes the legacy of barbarianism which is sundering today's civilization