Neuronal SIRT1 Regulates Metabolic and Reproductive Function and the Response to Caloric Restriction.

Sirt1 is an NAD-dependent, class III deacetylase that functions as a cellular energy sensor. In addition to its well-characterized effects in peripheral tissues, emerging evidence suggests that neuronal Sirt1 activity plays a role in the central regulation of energy balance and glucose metabolism. In this study, we generated mice expressing an enzymatically inactive form (N-MUT) or wild-type (WT) SIRT1 (N-OX) in mature neurons. N-OX male and female mice had impaired glucose tolerance, and N-MUT female, but not male, mice had improved glucose tolerance compared with that of WT littermates. Furthermore, glucose tolerance was improved in all mice with caloric restriction (CR) but was greater in the N-OX mice, who had better glucose tolerance than their littermates. At the reproductive level, N-OX females had impaired estrous cycles, with increased cycle length and more time in estrus. LH and progesterone surges were absent on the evening of proestrus in the N-OX mice, suggesting a defect in spontaneous ovulation, which was confirmed by the ovarian histology revealing fewer corpora lutea. Despite this defect, the mice were still fertile when mated to WT mice on the day of proestrus, indicating that the mice could respond to normal pheromonal or environmental cues. When subjected to CR, the N-OX mice went into diestrus arrest earlier than their littermates. Together, these results suggested that the overexpression of SIRT1 rendered the mice more sensitive to the metabolic improvements and suppression of reproductive cycles by CR, which was independent of circadian rhythms

The intrinsic value of agency: the case of Indonesia

This paper analyses the relationship between agency and Indonesian women’s well-being. The existing debate on empowerment mostly focuses on agency's instrumental value, how agency benefits development and household/women's welfare. We depart from this debate by considering the intrinsic value of agency for women using the Indonesia Family Life Survey. We measure agency based on the decisions women make within their households. We find the effects of agency are not unambiguously positive. Agency has intrinsic value, seen in its strong relationship to well-being in certain spheres, which is moderated by the 'burden of responsibility' that seems to be felt by decision-makers

Teaching Calculus with Infinitesimals: New Perspectives

The present research corroborates K. Sullivan\u27s initial results as stated in her epoch making study about the effectiveness of teaching elementary calculus using Robinson\u27s non standard approach. Our research added to her results related to the teaching of the elementary integral, with similar positive results. In this essay we propose a definition of the notion of cognitive advantage mentioned by Sullivan in expressing the dramatic differences in understanding of students of non standard calculus as opposed to those of its standard counterpart. Our proposal is based on ideas of Kitcher and Kuhn and allows us to better understand the didactics of Calculus. Formally K. Sullivan\u27s claim of an observed advantage when referring to the improved understanding of non standard calculus students (as opposed to the standard approach of Weierstrass) is a consequence to the accepted fact that mathematical truths remain the same when changes of paradigms ensue, a situation markedly different from that science. While mathematical truths remain, mathematical justifications (proofs) change dramatically and increase in complexity

Elaboration of the Competence Profile of the Residential Child/Youth Care Worker

This paper describes the steps used to develop a professional competence profile which allows a residential child youth care worker to perform his or her tasks in an efficient effective and confident way Among the strategic and specific competencies 11 were selected which explain a high percentage of performance empathy planning resistance to stress responsibility problem solving flexibility collaboration teamwork commitment expertise and communication skills Once the list of competencies has been established the behaviors that reflect them are determined and a questionnaire to evaluate the candidates for the position is elaborate

Disseny d'una marquesina pel transport públic interurbà adaptat a la mobilitat del futur

El projecte proposa un nou model de disseny de parades de bus de la ciutat de Barcelona per a crear un servei més òptim evitant la obstrucció i trànsit dels carrils de circulació a la vegada que es millora en espais de mobilitat i accessos basats en el disseny universal. Basada en l’autosuficiència i les noves tecnologies

SIRT1 in astrocytes regulates glucose metabolism and reproductive function

Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is an NAD-dependent class III deacetylase that functions as a cellular energy sensor. In addition to its well-characterized effects in peripheral tissues, evidence suggests that SIRT1 in neurons plays a role in the central regulation of energy balance and reproduction, but no studies have addressed the contribution of astrocytes. We show here that overexpression of SIRT1 in astrocytes causes markedly increased food intake, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance, but expression of a deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant decreases food intake and body weight and improves glucose tolerance, particularly in female mice. Paradoxically, the effect of these SIRT1 mutants on insulin tolerance was reversed, with overexpression showing greater insulin sensitivity. The mice overexpressing SIRT1 were more active, generated more heat, and had elevated oxygen consumption, possibly in compensation for the increased food intake. The female overexpressing mice were also more sensitive to diet-induced obesity. Reproductively, the mice expressing the deacetylase-deficient SIRT1 mutant had impaired estrous cycles, decreased LH surges, and fewer corpora lutea, indicating decreased ovulation. The GnRH neurons were responsive to kisspeptin stimulation, but hypothalamic expression of Kiss1 was reduced in the mutant mice. Our results showed that SIRT1 signaling in astrocytes can contribute to metabolic and reproductive regulation independent of SIRT1 effects in neurons.Fil: Choi, Irene. VA San Diego Healthcare System; Estados UnidosFil: Rickert, Emily. University of California at San Diego; Estados UnidosFil: Fernandez, Marina Olga. University of California at San Diego; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Webster, Nicholas J.G.. VA San Diego Healthcare System; Estados Unidos. University of California at San Diego; Estados Unido

Optimización de los procesos de coagulación y floculación con sulfato de aluminio tipo a para mejorar la calidad del agua en una planta de tratamiento de agua potable región norte del Perú, 2021

El estudio fue realizado en una planta de tratamiento agua potable en la Región Norte del Perú, donde se evidenció cuan involucrado está la optimización de los procesos de coagulación y floculación para mejorar la calidad del agua en el tratamiento de agua potable, motivo por lo cual se desarrolla este estudio. Teniendo un enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño experimental puro, utilizando las técnicas de encuestas a operadores de planta y Test o Prueba de Jarras con distintas turbiedades. Se encontraron deficiencias en la cantidad de dosificación de coagulante Sulfato de Aluminio Tipo A, viéndose afectado directamente la calidad del agua en el tratamiento de potabilización. Debido a esto se realizaron 120 pruebas con dosificaciones para distintas turbiedades de agua cruda que ingresó a planta. Con el objetivo de diseñar una nueva tabla, cuyos resultados se dan en 34 intervalos distintos y se interpolaron para obtener una tabla de dosificaciones en un rango de 8 U.N.T hasta 1850 U.N.T. Con el diseño presentado se obtuvo una diferencia en cuanto a turbiedad de 25.6 % menor y respecto al Ph fue de 3.7 % mayor, teniendo así un ph con más cercanía a ph básico que a ph ácido. Además, se realizó un presupuesto económico para la mejora del diseño del año 1 al año 3 y será de S/. 124.80 respectivamente. Finalmente se concluye que al aplicar las dosificaciones de la tabla propuesta se lograría optimizar el proceso de coagulación y floculación mejorando directamente la calidad del agua

Desigualdades de genero y etnia en mujeres afroamericanas en programas de MBA

Los cursos de MBA surgieron hace más de 100 años y tienen sus raíces en Estados Unidos, más precisamente en Boston. El concepto fue adoptado por primera vez por la Harvard University Graduate School en 1908 (Harvard Business School), en respuesta a la demanda de las empresas del país. La formación de grupos de estos cursos refleja la realidad del mercado, de quienes ocupan los puestos directivos en las empresas más destacadas. Sin embargo, hay un predominio de hombres blancos que forman las clases y obtienen el diploma. Entonces, cruzando las cuestiones de género y etnia, se puede concluir que no muchas mujeres afrodescendientes obtienen un título de Executive MBA. En esta contribución se explora, sucintamente, el caso de Brasil