The political use of victimhood : Spanish collective memory of ETA through the war on terror paradigm

Victims have become a topic of scholarly debate in conflict studies, especially regarding the impact of their activism on the evolution and termination of violence. Victims of terrorism are now enlisted within counterterrorism, given their moral authority as spokespeople for counter-narratives and de-escalation. Our research explores how Spanish terrorism Victims’ Associations have evolved across eras of political violence and how they mediate the translation of international War on Terror discourses into Spanish counterterrorism. We offer a topography of how the War on Terror has opened a ‘social front’ in Spanish counter-terrorism, with Spanish political elites prominently employing the Victims’ Associations to this end. Contemporary terrorism discourses are read back onto the memory of ETA, with Victims’ Associations assisting the equation of ETA with Al Qaeda and ISIS. Collective memory of the defeat of ETA has also contributed the veneer of ‘lessons learned’ to contemporary counterterrorism measures. Our research explores the fluidity of terrorism-memory and the importation of global terrorism discourses into Spanish politics, relying upon interviews with key stakeholders in Victims’ Associations, local politics, and the research director of the new Centre for the Memory of Victims of Terrorism in Vitoria

LOGÍSTICA EN LA MYPE IMPORTADORA NEGOCIACIONES SV. SAC, DE PRENDAS DE VESTIR FEMENINA LIMA, 2015

El presente proyecto de investigación titulado “Logística En La Mype Importadora Negociaciones Sv. S.A.C, De Prendas De Vestir Femenina Lima, 2015.” Tiene como objetivo principal determinar la importancia de la Logística para la MYPE Importadora Negociaciones SV. S.A.C, esta investigación es de tipo aplicada. Para poder desarrollar esta investigación se utilizaron como referentes teóricos Castellas, Castellanos, Olavarrieta y Zuluaga, de quienes se seleccionaron las teorías como el proceso logístico, importancia de la logística, procedimientos de compras, almacenaje y estrategias. Gracias a todos estos estudios y teorías propuestas por estos autores se pudo recopilar la información que necesitábamos para poder conseguir la variable: Logística. El enfoque para esta investigación es cualitativa de diseño no experimental. En la investigación se utilizó unidades muéstrales de 30 empleados de la Mype Importadora Negociaciones SV. S.A.C. La técnica para la recopilación de datos utilizados fue mediante el censo, utilizando como instrumento el cuestionario conformado de 30 preguntas. Mediante el sistema de SPSS y la estadística descriptiva se pudo obtener resultados que llegaron a concluir que la Logística es importante para todas las empresas para un buen funcionamiento en los procesos logísticos como la Mype Importadora SV. S.A.

LOGÍSTICA EN LA MYPE IMPORTADORA NEGOCIACIONES SV. SAC, DE PRENDAS DE VESTIR FEMENINA LIMA, 2015.

El presente proyecto de investigación titulado “Logística En La Mype Importadora Negociaciones Sv. S.A.C, De Prendas De Vestir Femenina Lima, 2015.” Tiene como objetivo principal determinar la importancia de la Logística para la MYPE Importadora Negociaciones SV. S.A.C, esta investigación es de tipo aplicada. Para poder desarrollar esta investigación se utilizaron como referentes teóricos Castellas, Castellanos, Olavarrieta y Zuluaga, de quienes se seleccionaron las teorías como el proceso logístico, importancia de la logística, procedimientos de compras, almacenaje y estrategias. Gracias a todos estos estudios y teorías propuestas por estos autores se pudo recopilar la información que necesitábamos para poder conseguir la variable: Logística. El enfoque para esta investigación es cualitativa de diseño no experimental. En la investigación se utilizó unidades muéstrales de 30 empleados de la Mype Importadora Negociaciones SV. S.A.C. La técnica para la recopilación de datos utilizados fue mediante el censo, utilizando como instrumento el cuestionario conformado de 30 preguntas. Mediante el sistema de SPSS y la estadística descriptiva se pudo obtener resultados que llegaron a concluir que la Logística es importante para todas las empresas para un buen funcionamiento en los procesos logísticos como la Mype Importadora SV. S.A.C

Subjective and objective indicators of neighbourhood safety and physical activity among UK adolescents

Background: The health benefits of regular physical activity in adolescence are well-documented and many health-related behaviours are established in adolescence. The neighbourhood environment is a key setting for physical activity for adolescents and feeling unsafe in their neighbourhood may be a potential barrier to physical activity. Aim: This study aimed to examine associations between neighbourhood safety and physical activity using objective and subjective measures for both. Methods: Participants (n = 10,913) came from the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative UK longitudinal birth cohort. Linear regression and Zero Inflated Poisson models were used to examine associations between subjective and objective indicators of safety (self-reported safety, Index of Multiple Deprivation crime, Reported Crime Incidence) and physical activity (self-reported weekly and device-measured physical activity). Results: Adolescents who feel unsafe in their neighbourhood, or who live in areas with high IMD crime or violent crime rates report 0.29 (95% CI -0.49, −0.09) 0.32 (95% CI -0.47, −0.16) and 0.20 (95% CI -0.39, −0.20) fewer days of physical activity, respectively. No associations were found between Reported Crime Incidence and either objective or subjective measures of physical activity. Conclusions: This study demonstrates varying associations between subjective safety and objective crime with physical activity levels in adolescence, highlighting the complexities around subjective and objective measurements and their associations with health outcomes

A Promising Antigen-specific Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent, antibody-mediated, autoimmune disorder with well-established antigenic targets at the neuromuscular junction. MG autoantibodies mainly target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and especially epitopes located in the extracellular domain of the α1 subunit (α1-ECD). Today, most therapeutic regimens for MG are non-specific and not curative, requiring chronic treatments that are associated with significant side effects. We aim to develop an antigen-specific therapeutic approach, based on reestablishing tolerance towards the AChR, the dominant autoantigen in MG. To this end, we used a soluble mutated form of the human α1-ECD, which incorporates a major fraction of MG autoreactive T cell epitopes and examined the therapeutic efficiency of intravenous administration in a rat experimental autoimmune MG model. We found that repeated intravenous administration of α1-ECD for up to 12 days led to a robust amelioration of disease symptoms in a dose and time-dependent manner. The observed therapeutic effect of α1-ECD was significantly better than the effect of two current mainstay drugs for MG treatment. There were no signs of toxicity in α1-ECD-treated animals and further studies are underway to fully elucidate the immunological mechanism underlying the treatment effect. Taken together, our preclinical data strongly suggest that intravenous administration of α1-ECD may represent an efficacious and safe strategy to treat MG and thus α1-ECD represents a new drug candidate for clinical application in MG.&nbsp

Development and optimisation of a sex pheromone lure for monitoring populations of saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata

Saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a sporadic pest of cereals in Northern and Central Europe and is of increasing importance in the UK. Recently the major component of the sex pheromone produced by adult female H. marginata was reported to be 2-nonyl butyrate. The importance of absolute configuration on attractiveness, the effects on trap catches of the addition of minor pheromone components, dispenser type, and pheromone loading are described in the development of an optimised pheromone lure with which to trap H. marginata males. In analyses of volatiles collected from virgin female H. marginata by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to electroantennographic recording (EAG) from the antenna of a male H. marginata, two EAG responses were observed. Analyses by coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) indicated these were due to 2-nonyl butyrate and a trace amount (1%) of 2-heptyl butyrate. A similar trace amount of 2-nonanol was detected in GC-MS analyses but this compound did not elicit an EAG response when the synthetic compound was tested, whereas while the other two compounds did. These three compounds were not observed in collections of volatiles made from male H. marginata. The 2-nonyl butyrate was shown to be the (R)-enantiomer, and i. In field trapping tests (R)-2-nonyl butyrate was at least ten times10× more attractive to male H. marginata than the racemic compound, and while the (S)-enantiomer was unattractive. Addition of the potential minor components individually or together at the naturally -occurring ratios did not increase or reduce the attractiveness of the lure. Polyethylene vials and rubber septa were equally effective as pheromone dispensers, lasting for at least five 5 weeks in the field in the UK, although laboratory tests indicated release from the former was more uniform and more likely to last longer in the field. Increasing loading of pheromone in the dispenser increased attractiveness. Traps baited with polyethylene vials containing 0.5 mg of (R)-2-nonyl butyrate are recommended for monitoring H. marginata and these are far more sensitive than water or sticky traps currently used for monitoring this pest

Study of hydrogen isotopes behavior in tungsten by a multi trapping macroscopic rate equation model

International audienceDensity functional theory (DFT) studies show that in tungsten a mono vacancy can contain up to six hydrogen isotopes (HIs) at 300 K with detrapping energies varying with the number of HIs inthe vacancy. Using these predictions, a multi trapping rate equation model has been built and used to model thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) experiments performed on single crystaltungsten after deuterium ions implantation. Detrapping energies obtained from the model to adjust temperature of TDS spectrum observed experimentally are in good agreement with DFTvalues within a deviation below 10%. The desorption spectrum as well as the diffusion of deuterium in the bulk are rationalized in light of the model results