AVALIAÇÃO MULTITEMPORAL DAS PAISAGENS DA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL (APA) DOS MANANCIAIS DO CÓRREGO GUARIROBA, CAMPO GRANDE, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, POR MEIO DE IMAGENS DE SATÉLITES

A principal fonte de captação superficial de água que abastece a cidade de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, é uma barragem no córrego Guariroba. Para preservar os recursos hídricos da região, em 1995 foi criada a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) dos Mananciais do Córrego Guariroba. O trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar e quantificar a perda da vegetação nativa da APA e seus impactos na paisagem e reservatório, ocorridos entre os anos de1984 a2017, por meio do processamento digital e análise multitemporal de imagens de satélite. Em 1984 a região possuía 50,27% de cobertura do bioma Cerrado e depois de 10 anos, foi reduzida para 9,25%, atingindo 18,23% em 2017. Os resultados indicaram que durante o processo de construção da barragem, ocorreu uma significativa retirada da vegetação nativa, justificando a criação da APA. Esta ação resultou em um aumento da flora nativa, recuperando parcialmente a vegetação do bioma. Os corpos hídricos, representados principalmente pela represa, além de alguns açudes de maior porte, ocupavam, em 1984, 0,11% da área e após o término da barragem (1987), 0,32%, atingindo 0,30% em 2017, indicando uma variação negativa do tamanho da lâmina d’água e perda entre 29,91% (2004) e 6,84% (2017) no período estudado, demonstrando uma ameaça à capacidade de armazenamento de água. O modelo de estudo adotado permitiu distinguir as alterações na paisagem da região, sendo um instrumento fundamental para subsidiar ações de preservação e manutenção dos recursos hídricos.

Phytochemistry and antifungal potential of Datura inoxia Mill. on soil phytopathogen control

The application of chemical pesticides for the control of fungal diseases results in impacts on the environment and human health. The use of vegetal extracts with antifungal properties for the proper management of crops becomes a viable alternative, mainly for organic and family farming. The objective of this study was to carry out the phytochemical evaluation of Datura inoxia, evaluating its antifungal potential against the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The extracts, aqueous and ethanolic, obtained from the leaves of the plant collected in areas of the municipality of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, were submitted to phytochemical prospecting and quantification of flavonoids and total phenols. It was evaluated its antifungal activity at concentrations of 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 μg 100 mL-1. Each concentration was separately incorporated into BDA agar, poured into Petri dishes, and inoculated with the mycelial disc of the fungus. The diameter of the colonies were measured daily. Two solutions were prepared as control, one containing the solvent added to PDA medium (ethanol solution), and another with only PDA medium (without D. inoxia extract, control). In both extracts were found the same diversity of secondary metabolites (nine classes). The ethanolic extract, a solvent of lower polarity than water, was more efficient in the extraction of these constituents. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds were the most frequent compounds (100%). In relation to antifungal activity, the ethanolic extract provided 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotitorum in all concentrations, relative to the control. On the other hand, the growth of Fusarium solani was only negatively affected at the highest concentrations of 800 and 1200 μmL-1 100 mL-1. The antifungal potential of Datura inoxia was probably related to the abundance of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in its chemical constitution that negatively effects the development of the vegetative mycelium

AVALIAÇÃO DA PERDA DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREA NATIVA NA SERRA DA BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, POR MEIO DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO

This work evaluates the modifications occurred in the native vegetation in the Mountain Range of Bodoquena, South of Mato Grosso, in the period between 1966 and 2007, through images of remote sensing. An amount of time series images were obtained which permitted to evaluate the kinds of predominant vegetation, the size and which effects the antropic action in the region has been causing on this big forest. The results indicate that the region is covered predominantly by Cerrado Latu Sensu and Forests, Decidual Submontana and Semidecidual, covering in 1966, 1799.091,63 ha and in 2007, 1693.797,40 ha.  During the period evaluated, lost 10.19% of its vegetal cover, replaced by areas of pastures and agricultural cultures.Este trabalho avalia as modificações ocorridas na vegetação nativa na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, no período entre 1966 e 2007, através de imagens de sensoriamento remoto. Foram obtidas uma série de imagens temporais que permitiram avaliar os tipos de vegetação predominante, sua extensão e quais os efeitos que a ação antrópica na região esta causando sobre este maciço florestal. Os resultados indicam que a região é coberta predominantemente por Cerrado Lato sensu e Florestas, Decidual Submontana e Semidecidual, cobrindo em 1966, 1799.091,63 ha e em 2007, 1693.797,40 ha. Durante o período avaliado, perdeu 10,19% de sua cobertura vegetal, substituída por áreas de pastagens e culturas agrícolas

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Vochysia divergens APÓS ARMAZENAMENTO EM TRÊS AMBIENTES

The Vochysia divergens tree species is distributed in Pantanal region in flooded forest and woodsy pastures. Its characteristics allow it to be used as ornamental, apicultural, production of cellulose pulp and also in popular medicine. Considering the importance of studies about such species, the aim of this study was to evaluate seed germination and vigor after various periods of storage (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) in three environments (refrigerator, laboratory, and moist chamber), with seeds collected from Negro Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The statistical design was a factorial 3 x 6 (environment x storage time) with four replicates of 50 seeds per treatment (200 per test), germinated in transparent boxes in germination chambers, with photoperiod of twelve hours of white light. The seeds species presented high water content (24.3%) and latter decayed during the storage period, in all environments. The seeds presented a high germination rate (80%) and a short viability period (120 days) and vigor, high (18.4), decayed during the experiment

AVALIAÇÃO DA PERDA DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREA NATIVA NA SERRA DA BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, POR MEIO DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO

This work evaluates the modifications occurred in the native vegetation in the Mountain Range of Bodoquena, South of Mato Grosso, in the period between 1966 and 2007, through images of remote sensing. An amount of time series images were obtained which permitted to evaluate the kinds of predominant vegetation, the size and which effects the antropic action in the region has been causing on this big forest. The results indicate that the region is covered predominantly by Cerrado Latu Sensu and Forests, Decidual Submontana and Semidecidual, covering in 1966, 1799.091,63 ha and in 2007, 1693.797,40 ha.  During the period evaluated, lost 10.19% of its vegetal cover, replaced by areas of pastures and agricultural cultures

AVALIAÇÃO DA PERDA DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREA NATIVA NA SERRA DA BODOQUENA, MATO GROSSO DO SUL, POR MEIO DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO

This work evaluates the modifications occurred in the native vegetation in the Mountain Range of Bodoquena, South of Mato Grosso, in the period between 1966 and 2007, through images of remote sensing. An amount of time series images were obtained which permitted to evaluate the kinds of predominant vegetation, the size and which effects the antropic action in the region has been causing on this big forest. The results indicate that the region is covered predominantly by Cerrado Latu Sensu and Forests, Decidual Submontana and Semidecidual, covering in 1966, 1799.091,63 ha and in 2007, 1693.797,40 ha.  During the period evaluated, lost 10.19% of its vegetal cover, replaced by areas of pastures and agricultural cultures.Este trabalho avalia as modificações ocorridas na vegetação nativa na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, no período entre 1966 e 2007, através de imagens de sensoriamento remoto. Foram obtidas uma série de imagens temporais que permitiram avaliar os tipos de vegetação predominante, sua extensão e quais os efeitos que a ação antrópica na região esta causando sobre este maciço florestal. Os resultados indicam que a região é coberta predominantemente por Cerrado Lato sensu e Florestas, Decidual Submontana e Semidecidual, cobrindo em 1966, 1799.091,63 ha e em 2007, 1693.797,40 ha. Durante o período avaliado, perdeu 10,19% de sua cobertura vegetal, substituída por áreas de pastagens e culturas agrícolas