Mídia e catolicismo no Brasil: a Renovação Carismática Católica

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Este estudo tem por finalidade refletir sobre a aproximação da Igreja Católica com os meios de comunicação de massa a partir dos anos 90, final do século XX. Para analisarmos essa aproximação teremos como ponto de partida um olhar sobre as Igrejas Evangélicas que, vide o seu pioneirismo em utilizar os meios de comunicação de massa, de uma forma mais perceptível e intensa. É efetuada uma análise de periódicos como fontes e teóricos que trabalham com a indústria cultural, a fim de que possamos compreender todas as nuances que circundam a relação Mídia e Igreja Católica no Brasil

Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is now the single commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. It is also acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since sitagliptin was approved, many studies have been carried out revealing its ability to not only improve metabolic control but also ameliorate dysfunction in various diabetes-targeted organs, especially the kidney, due to putative underlying cytoprotective properties, namely, its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Despite overall recommendations, many patients spend a long time well outside the recommended glycaemic range and, therefore, have an increased risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications. Currently, it is becoming clearer that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management must envision not only the improvement in glycaemic control but also, and particularly, the prevention of pancreatic deterioration and the evolution of complications, such as DN. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge in the field of renoprotective actions of sitagliptin, namely, improvement in diabetic dysmetabolism, hemodynamic factors, renal function, diabetic kidney lesions, and cytoprotective properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sitagliptin prevents aggravation of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic damage in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat - focus on amelioration of metabolic profile and tissue cytoprotective properties

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the possible mechanisms underlying the protective effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, on pancreatic tissue in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the Zucker Diabetic Fatty(ZDF) rat, focusing on glycaemic, insulinic and lipidic profiles, as well as, on apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and proliferation mediators. METHODS: Male obese diabetic ZDF (fa/fa) rats, aged 20 weeks, were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg bw/day) during 6 weeks and compared to untreated diabetic and lean control littermates. Metabolic data was evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, including glycaemia, HbA1c, insulinaemia, HOMA-beta and TGs. Endocrine and exocrine pancreas lesions were assessed semiquantitatively by histopathological methods. Pancreas gene (mRNA) and protein expression of mediators of apoptotic machinery, inflammation and angiogenesis/proliferation (Bax, Bcl2, IL-1β, VEGF, PCNA and TRIB3) were analyzed by RT-qPCR and/or by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Sitagliptin treatment for 6 weeks (between 20 and 26 week-old) was able to significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorate all the metabolicparameters, by preventing the increase in blood glucose and in serum TGs contents (16.54% and 37.63%, respectively, vs untreated), as well as, by preventing the decrease in serum insulin levels and in the functional beta cells capacity accessed via HOMA-beta index (156.28% and 191.74%, respectively, vs untreated). Sitagliptin-treated diabetic rats presented a reduced pancreas Bax/Bcl2 ratio, suggestive of an antiapoptotic effect; in addition, sitagliptin was able to completely reduce (p < 0.001) the pancreas overexpression of IL-1β and TRIB3 found in the untreated diabeticanimals; and promoted a significant (p < 0.001) overexpression of VEGF and PCNA. CONCLUSION: In this animal model of obese T2DM (the ZDF rat), sitagliptin prevented β-cell dysfunction and evolution of pancreatic damage. The protective effects afforded by this DPP-IV inhibitor may derive from improvement of the metabolic profile (viewed by the amelioration of glucose and TGs levels and of insulin resistance) and from cytoprotective properties, such as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-proliferative.The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the projects PEst-C/SAU/UI3282/2013 and PEst-OE/CED/UI4016/2014, and the Center for Studies in Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS) and PROTEC grant by the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV

Diabetic Nephropathy Amelioration by a Low-Dose Sitagliptin in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes (Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat)

This study was performed to assess the effect of chronic low-dose sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on metabolic profile and on renal lesions aggravation in a rat model of type-2 diabetic nephropathy, the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. Diabetic and obese ZDF (fa/fa) rats and their controls ZDF (+/+) were treated for 6 weeks with vehicle (control) or sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/bw). Blood/serum glucose, HbA1c, insulin, Total-c, TGs, urea, and creatinine were assessed, as well as kidney glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions (interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy), using a semiquantitative rating from 0 (absent/normal) to 3 (severe and extensive damage). Vascular lesions were scored from 0–2. Sitagliptin in the diabetic rats promoted an amelioration of glycemia, HbA1c, Total-c, and TGs, accompanied by a partial prevention of insulinopenia. Furthermore, together with urea increment prevention, renal lesions were ameliorated in the diabetic rats, including glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular lesions, accompanied by reduced lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, chronic low-dose sitagliptin treatment was able to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy, which might represent a key step forward in the management of T2DM and this serious complication

Effects of Sitagliptin Treatment on Dysmetabolism, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes (ZDF Rat)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the chronic effect of sitagliptin on metabolic profile, inflammation, and redox status in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, an animal model of obese type 2 diabetes. Diabetic and obese ZDF (fa/fa) rats and their controls (ZDF +/+) were treated during 6 weeks with vehicle (control) and sitagliptin (10mg/kg/bw). Glucose, HbA1c, insulin, Total-c, TGs, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRPhs, and adiponectin were assessed in serum and MDA and TAS in serum, pancreas, and heart. Pancreatic histology was also evaluated. Sitagliptin in diabetic rats promoted a decrease in glucose, HbA1c, Total-c, and TGs accompanied by a partial prevention of insulinopenia, together, with a decrease in CRPhs and IL-1β. Sitagliptin also showed a positive impact on lipid peroxidation and hypertension prevention. In conclusion, chronic sitagliptin treatment corrected the glycaemic dysmetabolism, hypertriglyceridaemia, inflammation, and hypertension, reduced the severity of the histopathological lesions of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissues, together with a favourable redox status, which might be a further advantage in the management of diabetes and its proatherogenic comorbidities

Effects of Sitagliptin Treatment on Dysmetabolism, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes (ZDF Rat)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the chronic effect of sitagliptin on metabolic profile, inflammation, and redox status in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, an animal model of obese type 2 diabetes. Diabetic and obese ZDF (fa/fa) rats and their controls (ZDF +/+) were treated during 6 weeks with vehicle (control) and sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/bw). Glucose, HbA1c, insulin, Total-c, TGs, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRPhs, and adiponectin were assessed in serum and MDA and TAS in serum, pancreas, and heart. Pancreatic histology was also evaluated. Sitagliptin in diabetic rats promoted a decrease in glucose, HbA1c, Total-c, and TGs accompanied by a partial prevention of insulinopenia, together, with a decrease in CRPhs and IL-1β. Sitagliptin also showed a positive impact on lipid peroxidation and hypertension prevention. In conclusion, chronic sitagliptin treatment corrected the glycaemic dysmetabolism, hypertriglyceridaemia, inflammation, and hypertension, reduced the severity of the histopathological lesions of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissues, together with a favourable redox status, which might be a further advantage in the management of diabetes and its proatherogenic comorbidities

Flumioxazin selectivity to wheat

O controle químico de plantas daninhas é um importante manejo para se manter a alta produtividade na cultura do trigo. Devido à escassez de produtos registrados para a cultura, objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade do herbicida flumioxazin ao trigo, aplicado em pós-emergência. O experimento foi realizado a campo e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram aplicados no estádio V3 da cultura do trigo e consistiram de seis doses de flumioxazin: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 g ha-1. Foram realizadas avaliações de índice SPAD, de intoxicação e de controle de plantas daninhas aos 15, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a aplicação. Ao final do experimento, 109 dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram trilhadas para determinação do peso de mil grãos, peso hectolitro e produtividade de grãos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que apesar de causar redução do índice SPAD de até 20% e intoxicação de até 34% na maior dose aplicada, o flumioxazin proporcionou seletividade à cultura do trigo por não interferir nas demais variáveis avaliadas, principalmente na produtividade de grãos.The chemical control of weeds is an important management to keep high productivity in the wheat crop. Due to the scarceness of registered products for the crop, the goal of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of the flumioxazin herbicide to wheat, applied in post-emergence. The experiment was conducted on the field and the used experimental design was the randomized block one, with four replications. The treatments were applied on stage V3 of the wheat crop and consisted in six flumioxazin doses: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 g ha-1. Evaluations were performed on SPAD index, intoxication and weed control on day 15, 21, 28 and 35 after application. At the end of the experiment, 109 days after seeding, plants were tracked to determine the one thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight and grain productivity. The obtained results showed that in spite of causing an up to 20% SPAD index and up to 34% intoxication reduction in the highest applied dose, flumioxazin provided selectivity to the wheat crop, since it did not interfere in the other evaluated variables, mainly in grain productivity

Avaliação das diferentes unidades de fotoativação na microdureza das resinas injetáveis

A evolução das técnicas envolvendo a aplicação das resinas injetáveis e o impacto das diferentes unidades de fotoativação com diferentes intensidades de luz sobre a microdureza dos compósitos de resinas fluidas, vem promovendo grandes avanços na Odontologia. Porém, existem alguns desafios para que ela alcance todo seu potencial, como o grau inadequado de conversão e baixas propriedades mecânicas devido a uma polimerização ineficiente que pode resultar em falhas na restauração. Com isso, é necessária uma polimerização adequada, e a escolha da unidade de fotoativação utilizada pode influenciar. O objetivo desse estudo, consiste em avaliar as diferentes unidades de fotopolimerização, com diferentes intensidades de luz, na microdureza das resinas injetáveis. Foram selecionadas quatro unidades de fotoativação (Radii cal (SDI), Bluephase Style (Ivoclar Vivadent), Valo Grand (Ultradent) e o Poly Wireless (Kavo) e foram medidas suas intensidades de luz por um radiômetro. A resina composta injetável escolhida foi a Beautifil Flow Plus F00. Para o teste de microdureza Vickers, os corpos de prova foram preparados e polimerizados por 40s no total, e polidos com os discos Soflex em 3 granulações. Após 24h de armazenamento no seco e no escuro, foi realizada a leitura no microdurômetro. Ao todo, foram realizadas 60 leituras nos corpos de prova de acordo com os grupos experimentais. O único grupo que obteve uma diferença estatisticamente significante dos demais foi o grupo Valo Grand, onde os valores de microdureza foram maiores. As diferentes intensidades de luz influenciam na microdureza das resinas injetáveis, porém, este não é o único fator contribuinte

Avaliação de matrizes em silicona transparente utilizadas na injeção de restaurações em resina composta

Atualmente o grande apelo pela estética tem levado a odontologia moderna ao desenvolvimento de novos materiais e técnicas restauradoras. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a translucidez de matrizes em silicona de PVS (Polivinilsiloxano) transparente, a serem utilizadas em restaurações obtidas por injeção de resina. Trata-se de um estudo laboratorial para analisar, com o auxílio de radiômetro, a translucidez de matrizes em silicona de PVS(Polivinilsiloxano) transparente. No ensaio, os grupos foram divididos em duas (02) marcas comerciais de PVS (Elite Glass® e Vestige®), obtendo cinco espécimes (discos) para cada espessura: 2, 4 e 6 mm. Foram utilizados fotopolimerizadores modelos Bluephase (Ivoclar), Radii Cal (SDI) e Poly Wirelles (Kavo), ativados em um intervalo de 20 segundos. Através do radiômetro os espécimes foram testados para avaliação dos níveis de radiação luminosa que passaram pelas matrizes transparentes. Os dados obtidos foram levados a análises estatísticas, sendo submetidos aos testes de Kolmogorov-SR e TWO-Way ANOVA, além do pós teste de Tukey para identificarmos onde foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa, com p≤ 0,05. A silicona de adição transparente da marca Vestigue apresentou melhores valores na transmissão de luz quando comparada a Elite Glass, sendo a espessura de 4mm a de melhor escolha por apresentar valores na faixa relativa à correta polimerização dos compósitos restauradores