Metacommunity patterns of Amazonian Odonata: The role of environmental gradients and major rivers

Background. We identified and classified damselfly (Zygoptera) and dragonfly (Anisoptera) metacommunities in Brazilian Amazonia, relating species distribution patterns to known biological gradients and biogeographical history. We expected a random distribution of both Zygoptera and Anisoptera within interfluves. At the Amazonian scale, we expected Anisoptera metacommunities to be randomly distributed due to their higher dispersal ability and large environmental tolerance. In contrast, we expected Zygoptera communities to exhibit a Clementsian pattern, limited by the large Amazonia rivers due to their low dispersal ability. Methods. We used a dataset of 58 first-to-third order well-sampled streamlets in four Amazonian interfluves and applied an extension of the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EMS) framework, in which we order Zygoptera and Anisoptera metacommunities by known spatial and biogeographic predictors. Results. At the Amazonian scale, both Zygoptera and Anisoptera presented a Clementsian pattern, driven by the same environmental and biogeographical predictors, namely biogeographic region (interfluve), annual mean temperature, habitat integrity and annual precipitation. At the interfluve scale, results were less consistent and only partially support our hypothesis. Zygoptera metacommunities at Guiana and Anisoptera metacommunities at Tapajós were classified as random, suggesting that neutral processes gain importance at smaller spatial scales. Discussion. Our findings were consistent with previous studies showing that environmental gradients and major rivers limit the distribution of Odonata communities, supporting that larger Amazonian rivers act as barriers for the dispersal of this group. In addition, the importance of habitat integrity indicates that intactness of riparian vegetation is an important filter shaping metacommunity structure of Amazonian stream Odonata.This work was supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—CAPES (120147/2016-01), Brazil National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq (303252/2013-8, 574008/2008-0, 305542/2010-9,478884/2008-7, 314523/2014-6), Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation EMBRAPA (SEG 02.08.06.005.00), the UK Darwin Initiative (17023), The Nature Conservancy and the Natural Environment Research Council—NERC (NE/F01614X/1 and NE/G000816/1)

Influence of Depression and Use of Alcohol and / or Tobacco by Parents in the Oral Health of Children with Disabilities

Objective: To investigate the influence of parental depression and substance use in the oral health care of children with disabilities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 children with disabilities and their parents/caregivers. To detect the presence of depression and alcohol or tobacco use, the parents/caregivers answered three questionnaires: two versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Then, the children with disabilities underwent oral examination to evaluate biofilm control, gingival condition and the dental carie index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth - dmft ̸ DMFT). Results: There was a statistically significant association between tobacco use and dental caries in deciduous teeth (p=0.046). The children of smokers had six times greater need for dental treatment than that of non-smokers (OR= 6.36; CI= 1.3–30.5). There was no statistically significant association between the oral health of the children with disabilities and parental alcohol consumption and depression (p>0.05). Children with medical condition had a higher need for dental treatment than children with intellectual disability (p=0.003). Conclusion: Parental smoking habits increase dental caries in the deciduous teeth of children with disabilities, but parental depression and alcohol use do not influence the oral health of children with disabilities. Children with medical condition have more treatment needs than children with intellectual disability

Influence of Depression and Use of Alcohol and / or Tobacco by Parents in the Oral Health of Children with Disabilities

Objective: To investigate the influence of parental depression and substance use in the oral health care of children with disabilities. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 151 children with disabilities and their parents/caregivers. To detect the presence of depression and alcohol or tobacco use, the parents/caregivers answered three questionnaires: two versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Then, the children with disabilities underwent oral examination to evaluate biofilm control, gingival condition and the dental carie index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth - dmft ̸ DMFT). Results: There was a statistically significant association between tobacco use and dental caries in deciduous teeth (p=0.046). The children of smokers had six times greater need for dental treatment than that of non-smokers (OR= 6.36; CI= 1.3–30.5). There was no statistically significant association between the oral health of the children with disabilities and parental alcohol consumption and depression (p>0.05). Children with medical condition had a higher need for dental treatment than children with intellectual disability (p=0.003). Conclusion: Parental smoking habits increase dental caries in the deciduous teeth of children with disabilities, but parental depression and alcohol use do not influence the oral health of children with disabilities. Children with medical condition have more treatment needs than children with intellectual disability

Metacommunity patterns of Amazonian Odonata: the role of environmental gradients and major rivers

Background We identified and classified damselfly (Zygoptera) and dragonfly (Anisoptera) metacommunities in Brazilian Amazonia, relating species distribution patterns to known biological gradients and biogeographical history. We expected a random distribution of both Zygoptera and Anisoptera within interfluves. At the Amazonian scale, we expected Anisoptera metacommunities to be randomly distributed due to their higher dispersal ability and large environmental tolerance. In contrast, we expected Zygoptera communities to exhibit a Clementsian pattern, limited by the large Amazonia rivers due to their low dispersal ability. Methods We used a dataset of 58 first-to-third order well-sampled streamlets in four Amazonian interfluves and applied an extension of the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EMS) framework, in which we order Zygoptera and Anisoptera metacommunities by known spatial and biogeographic predictors. Results At the Amazonian scale, both Zygoptera and Anisoptera presented a Clementsian pattern, driven by the same environmental and biogeographical predictors, namely biogeographic region (interfluve), annual mean temperature, habitat integrity and annual precipitation. At the interfluve scale, results were less consistent and only partially support our hypothesis. Zygoptera metacommunities at Guiana and Anisoptera metacommunities at Tapajós were classified as random, suggesting that neutral processes gain importance at smaller spatial scales. Discussion Our findings were consistent with previous studies showing that environmental gradients and major rivers limit the distribution of Odonata communities, supporting that larger Amazonian rivers act as barriers for the dispersal of this group. In addition, the importance of habitat integrity indicates that intactness of riparian vegetation is an important filter shaping metacommunity structure of Amazonian stream Odonata

REUTILIZAÇÃO DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DE ORIGEM DOMÉSTICA PARA CULTIVO DE TOMATE SANTA CRUZ

Como o efluente de esgoto tratado é rico em sais dissolvidos, este pode fornecer quantidade considerável destes para a produção de culturas agrícolas, podendo ser alternativa viável à economia de fertilizantes a serem utilizados, ao fornecer nutrientes em solução para o preparo de compostos orgânicos. Sendo Goiás o maior produtor de tomate, surge a necessidade de economizar nutrientes, que podem ser complementados com a irrigação de água residuária. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a água residuária de origem doméstica qualitativamente e quantitativamente visando o cultivo de tomate Santa Cruz no município de Urutaí, Go. As amostras foram coletadas durante o período de cultivo do tomate Santa Cruz, originadas de lagoa de estabilização, presente próximo ao local de plantio. As análises qualitativas e quantitativas da água residuária doméstica utilizada foram realizadas no Laboratório de Química Inorgânica da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas Henrique Santillo. As análises realizadas foram: pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura, turbidez, alcalinidade, Coliformes totais, Escherichia coli (E. coli), nitrato, amônia, potássio, manganês, fósforo, sódio, ferro, cálcio, magnésio, cloreto, sulfato, boro, cobre, molibdênio, demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5). A média da temperatura encontrada no experimento (25,54±1,11oC) demonstra um valor favorável para o cultivo de tomate. O valor médio da turbidez encontrada no experimento é de 139,33±43,85 NTU, indicando um valor aceitável em relação as águas superficiais, o que nos mostra que o feixe de luz ainda é capaz de atravessar água turva. O sódio é um dos parâmetros que mais interfere no teor de sais no solo, e a salinidade aumenta a incidência de podridão apical, tornando os frutos inutilizáveis tanto para o consumo quanto para a indústria, o que não foi observado neste estudo. Os resultados demonstram que é viável a irrigação de tomate Santa Cruz utilizando a água residuária de origem doméstica avaliada

Fatores Psíquicos e Comportamentais de Pessoas que superaram Adversidades

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar fatores psíquicos e comportamentaisde pessoas que superaram adversidades emocionais, físicas, culturais, sociais e devida. A necessidade da pesquisa assenta-se na demanda apresentada por instituiçõesassistenciais de Foz do Iguaçu, que enfrentam dificuldade ao prestar auxílio específicoa pessoas que passam por situações adversas. Com o intuito de facilitar esse atendimento,serão ofertadas às instituições ferramentas audiovisuais que se espera contribuirpara o trabalho com seus assistidos. No estudo foram reunidos e analisadosdepoimentos de pessoas que superaram adversidades, buscando identificar característicasem comum que as auxiliaram em seu processo de superação. A pesquisa realizadaé de caráter qualitativo, em que nove participantes foram entrevistados para captaçãode seus depoimentos. Os dados foram tratados de acordo com a teoria deAnálise de Conteúdos proposta por Campos (2004). Como resultado, foram identificadasas características pessoais de maior incidência, reunidas em quatro grupos: 1)Forma de encarar as adversidades: foco no positivo, autorresponsabilização e bomhumor; 2) Maneiras de aproveitar as adversidades: busca de aprendizado, autoeficáciae ressignificação; 3) Recursos Internos: persistência e altruísmo; e 4) Recursos Externos:aproveitamento do suporte social. Conclui-se que o fator determinante para a superaçãode adversidades para os entrevistados foi a resiliência, presente durante todoo processo de enfrentamento. O aprofundamento da análise dos dados coletados permitenovos estudos sobre o tema

Propiedades psicométricas del instrumento adaptado European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short-short form

Objective: to investigate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the health literacy questionnaire European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short-short form (HLS-EU-Q6) in Brazilian adults. Method: the instrument was translated and pre-tested in a sample of 50 individuals. Subsequently, it was applied to a sample of 783 adult individuals. The data went through an appropriate process of testing the properties, with the combination of techniques of Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory. For the assessment of reliability, the Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega indicators were used. Cross-validation with full data analysis was applied. Results: the majority of the participants was female (68.1%), with a mean age of 38.6 (sd=14.5) years old and 33.5% studied up to elementary school. The results indicated a unidimensional model with an explained variance of 71.23%, adequate factor load levels, commonality and item discrimination, as well as stability and replicability of the instrument to other populations. Conclusion: the Brazilian version of HLS-EU-Q6 indicated that the instrument is suitable for indiscriminate application in the population to which it is intended to assess health literacy levels.Objetivo: investigar as propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada ao português do Brasil do questionário de letramento em saúde European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short-short form (HLS-EU-Q6) em adultos brasileiros. Método: o instrumento foi traduzido e pré-testado em uma amostra de 50 indivíduos. Em seguida, ele foi aplicado em uma amostra com 783 indivíduos adultos. Os dados passaram por um processo adequado de testagem das propriedades, com a combinação de técnicas da Análise Fatorial Exploratória, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e Teoria de Resposta ao Item. Para a avaliação da confiabilidade, foram utilizados os indicadores de alfa de Cronbach e o Ômega de McDonald. Foi aplicada a validação cruzada com análise integral dos dados. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (68,1%), com idade média de 38,6 (dp=14,5) anos e 33,5% estudaram até o ensino fundamental. Os resultados indicaram um modelo unidimensional com variância explicada de 71,23%, níveis de cargas fatoriais, comunalidades e discriminação do item adequados, bem como estabilidade e a replicabilidade do instrumento para outras populações. Conclusão: a versão brasileira do HLS-EU-Q6 indicou que o instrumento está adequado para aplicação de forma indiscriminada na população a que se destina para aferir os níveis de letramento em saúde.Objetivo: investigar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en portugués brasileño del cuestionario de alfabetización en salud European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short-short form (HLS-EU-Q6) en adultos brasileños. Método: el instrumento fue traducido y probado primero en una muestra de 50 individuos. Luego, se aplicó a una muestra de 783 individuos adultos. Los datos pasaron por un proceso adecuado de prueba de las propiedades, con la combinación de técnicas de Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Para evaluar la confiabilidad se utilizaron los indicadores alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald's. Se aplicó validación cruzada con análisis de datos completo. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes era de sexo femenino (68,1%), con una edad media de 38,6 (dt = 14,5) años y el 33,5% cursó hasta la educación primaria. Los resultados indicaron un modelo unidimensional con una varianza explicada de 71,23%, niveles adecuados de carga factorial, comunalidades y discriminación de ítems, así como estabilidad y replicabilidad del instrumento a otras poblaciones. Conclusión: la versión brasileña de HLS-EU-Q6 indicó que el instrumento es apto para su aplicación indiscriminada en la población a la que se destina para evaluar los niveles de alfabetización en salud

Uso terapêutico de produtos à base de canabidiol no Brasil: estudo descritivo, 2014–2017

Introduction: Little is known about the characteristics and clinical conditions of patients on therapeutic use of cannabidiol-based products in combination with other cannabinoids, despite a growing number of countries that have authorized the use of these products. Objective: This study describes the characteristics and clinical conditions of patients who obtained exceptional authorization from Anvisa to import cannabidiol-based products in combination with other cannabinoids for therapeutic use in Brazil. Method: A descriptive and retrospective study based on records of patients who obtained authorization from Anvisa to import cannabidiol-based products in association with other cannabinoids, between December 2014 and May 2017. The characteristics of the patients studied were: i) demographic (sex and age); ii) geographical (region and Federation Unit); iii) medical diagnoses of patients by ICD-10 codes; iv) medical specialties that prescribed the products to patients; and v) products intended for import by patients or caregivers (main products and country of importation). Results: 1,713 patients were identified, of whom 61.7% were aged ≤ 19 years. Epilepsy (62.9%), chronic pain (3.8%) and Parkinson’s disease (3.6%) were the most frequent ICD-10 codes. Of the products requested for therapeutic use, 15 (57.7%) were not included in the Anvisa’s Resolution. Conclusions: Patients who have obtained authorization from Anvisa to import cannabidiol-based products in combination with other cannabinoids are mostly under the age of 20 and suffering from epilepsy. These findings are in accordance with the determinations provided for in Resolution No. 2,113 / 2014 of the Federal Council of Medicine.Introdução: Pouco se conhece sobre as características e as condições clínicas dos pacientes em uso terapêutico de produtos à base de canabidiol, apesar de um número crescente de países ter autorizado o uso desses produtos. Objetivo: Descrever as características e as condições clínicas dos pacientes que obtiveram autorização excepcional da Anvisa para importação de produtos à base de canabidiol em associação com outros canabinoides para uso terapêutico no Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo baseado nos registros de pacientes que obtiveram autorização da Anvisa para importação de produtos à base de canabidiol em associação com outros canabinoides, entre dezembro de 2014 e maio de 2017. As características dos pacientes estudadas foram: i) demográficas (sexo e idade); ii) geográficas (região e Unidade de Federação); iii) diagnósticos médicos dos pacientes por códigos da CID-10; iv) especialidades médicas que prescreveram os produtos aos pacientes; e v) os produtos com pretensão de importação pelos pacientes ou responsáveis (principais produtos e país de importação). Resultados: Foram 1.713 pacientes identificados, dos quais 61,7% apresentaram idade ≤ 19 anos. Os quadros de epilepsia (62,9%), dor crônica (3,8%) e doença de Parkinson (3,6%) foram os códigos da CID-10 mais frequentes. Entre os produtos solicitados para uso terapêutico, 15 (57,7%) não constavam em Resolução da Anvisa. Conclusões: Os pacientes que obtiveram autorização da Anvisa para importação de produtos à base de canabidiol em associação com outros canabinoides são, na sua maioria, menores de 20 anos e que sofrem de epilepsia. Tais achados estão de acordo com as determinações da Resolução nº 2.113/2014 do Conselho Federal de Medicina

Hydrogen peroxide release by phagocytes from healthy and infected bovine mammary gland

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de liberação de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) por fagócitos oriundos de glândulas mamárias bovinas sadias e infectadas. Desse modo, 73 amostras de leite provenientes das glândulas mamárias foram classificadas em sadias e infectadas de acordo com a cultura bacteriológica e a contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Após o isolamento das células do leite, procedeu-se à contagem diferencial de leucócitos e determinação da liberação de H2O2 pela oxidação da solução de vermelho fenol. Foi observada menor liberação de H2O2 pelos fagócitos oriundos dos quartos mamários infectados, assim como houve correlação negativa entre a liberação de H2O2 por fagócitos e a CCS (r=-0,34; P=0,0025), e a porcentagem de neutrófilos (r=-0,24; P=0,04). Além disso, houve tendência de menor liberação de H2O2 pelos fagócitos estimulados por forbol 12-miristato 13-acetato nas glândulas mamárias infectadas. Entretanto, observou-se maior liberação de H2O2 pelos fagócitos em 1mL de leite nos quartos mamários infectados, ao considerar a CCS mL-1. Pode-se concluir que fagócitos de quartos mamários infectados apresentaram menor liberação de H2O2, o que indica menor capacidade microbicida. Por outro lado, observou-se maior liberação de H2O2 pelos fagócitos em 1mL de leite nos quartos infectados, fato que pode contribuir com o maior recrutamento de leucócitos para a glândula mamária e/ou a persistência do processo inflamatório.The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release by phagocytes from infected and uninfected mammary glands in dairy cows. Thus, milk samples from 73 quarters were divided in healthy and infected samples according to bacteriological culture and somatic cell count (SCC). After separation of milk cells, the samples were submitted to differential SCC and hydrogen peroxide release by oxidation of phenol red. There was a lower H2O2 release by phagocytes from infected quarters, as well as, a negative correlation between the H2O2 release by phagocytes and SCC (r=-0.34; P=0.0025) and percentage of neutrophils (r=-0.24; P=0.04). Furthermore, it was observed a tendency toward a lower H2O2 release by phagocytes stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in the infected quarters. However, a higher H2O2 release by phagocytes was observed in milk samples from infected quarters by the estimation of the H2O2 release by phagocytes in 1mL of milk according to SCC mL(-1) of each sample. The present study showed a decrease in H2O2 release by the infected quarters which indicate lower microbicidal activity. However, the higher H2O2 release by phagocytes in 1mL of milk in the infected quarters may contribute to recruitment of leukocytes to the site of infection and the persistence of infection

Adaptation of a cognitive-behavioral protocol for generalized anxiety disorder patients with low educational attainment

This article reports the experience of treating low-income patients with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At the start of the project for outpatient treatment, which included the application of a cognitive model for GAD treatment, we observed that the majority of patients presented low educational level, which made it hard for them to understand key aspects of the cognitive-behavioral based treatment offered. Therefore, important adap- tations to the treatment protocol were made necessary, including the way techniques were presented and applied, the therapeutic approach used, and even the duration of sessions. Since variations of cognitive therapy are increasingly being applied in hospital outpatient clinics in countries worldwide, the objective of this article is to present the adaptations performed and promote a discussion on the possible solutions for the difficulties faced in applying clinical psychology practice among patients with low educational and socioeconomic levels. This is a clinical study presenting an illustrative case, where adaptations to the treatment protocol were essential for the positive outcome of the case. It is concluded that, with the scope of treatment in mind, the therapist must be attentive to the client's demands and particularities in order to achieve therapeutic success