¿Cómo abordar la educación del futuro?: conceptualización, desarrollo y evaluación desde la competencia digital docente

La adaptación al cambio en la sociedad del siglo XXI supone un reto en la nueva era digital. En los últimos años la evolución de la tecnología ha transformado el modo en que nos comunicamos o nos desenvolvemos a través de los medios y ha contribuido, consecuentemente, a que la habilidad del individuo progrese para hacer frente a su día a día personal, profesional y académico, siendo capaz de colaborar en equipo, potenciar su participación y desarrollar su creatividad, es decir, poseer una competencia digital. Es lo que conocemos como la «sociedad del conocimiento y de la información». Actualmente, se puede apreciar de qué modo, en todos los ámbitos –económico, social, cultural y político–, el avance de la tecnología se ha integrado para mejorar su competitividad, y la educación no ha estado exenta de esta evolución. Es en este punto donde este libro plantea, a través de un trabajo de investigación basado en evidencias empíricas, el gran desafío al que se enfrenta la enseñanza, siendo crucial el papel del docente, su formación para el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), su acceso a la tecnología y su posterior implementación.2019-2

A new overhang constraint for topology optimization of self-supporting structures in additive manufacturing

This work falls within the scope of computer-aided optimal design, and aims to integrate the topology optimization procedures and recent additive manufacturing technologies (AM). The elimination of scaffold supports at the topology optimization stage has been recognized and pursued by many authors recently. The present paper focuses on implementing a novel and specific overhang constraint that is introduced inside the topology optimization problem formulation along with the regular volume constraint. The proposed procedure joins the design and manufacturing processes into a integrated workflow where any component can directly be manufactured with no requirement of any sacrificial support material right after the topology optimization process. The overhang constraint presented in this work is defined by the maximum allowable inclination angle, where the inclination of any member is computed by the Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus (SUSAN), an edge detection algorithm developed in the field of image analysis and processing. Numerical results on some benchmark examples, along with the numerical performances of the proposed method, are introduced to demonstrate the capacities of the presented approach.This work was supported by The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER) and the Ministry of Education and Science in Spain through the DPI2015-64863-R project (MINECO/FEDER-UE). The authors also wish to thank the Basque Government for financial assistance through IT919-16

Genomic variants association with selective hypersensitivityreactions to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

In summary, there are rare variants found in our patients that could be related to the development of AX or CLV- induced IDHRs. Interestingly, some of these rare variants could be associated with selective response to AX, such as the proapoptotic endonuclease ENDOG and neutrophil degranulation pathway, previously associ- ated with drug- induced anaphylaxis,6 or to CLV, like immunoprote- asome component PSMD8. Differences could be related to nature and metabolic characteristics of each drug; however, more research is needed. These findings represent a first step to identify potential genetic biomarkers to predict the susceptibility of suffering AX and CLV IDHRs.This work has been supported by Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’ (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), (grants co- funded by European Regional Development Fund: PI15/01206, PI17/01237, PI18/00095, PI20/01734, PI21/0329, RETICS ARADYAL RD16/0006/0001, RICORS REI, RD21/0002/0008); Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (grants PI- 0241- 2016, PE- 0172- 2018, PI- 0127- 2020). GB is a Clinical Investigator (B- 0007- 2022) re- search contract by Andalusian Regional Ministry Health. PDE holds a Sara Borrell research contract by Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’ (CD22/00112). CM holds a ‘Nicolas Monardes’ research contract by Andalusian Regional Ministry Health (RC- 0004- 2021). Funding for open access charge: Univesidad de Malaga/CBUA

Catalytic Enantioselective Transannular Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction

Catalytic and enantioselective approaches to transannular reactions are very limited and mostly are based on chiral Lewis acid catalyzed pericyclic reactions. In this report, we present an efficient and straightforward methodology to access bicyclic carbo- and heterocyclic scaffolds combining different ring sizes through transannular Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction catalyzed by a chiral enantiopure bifunctional phosphine. The reaction is remarkably wide in scope and enables the use of a variety of medium and large size ketoenone substrates leading to the final products in high yields and providing excellent stereocontrol in the formation of a quaternary stereogenic center at the ring fusion. Moreover, its potential as a general tool in organic synthesis has been highlighted through the accomplishment of the first enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-γ-gurjunene, a sesquiterpene natural product.Spanish MICINN (FEDER-CTQ2017-83633-P 52107-P) and the Basque Government (GruposIT908-16 and fellowship to R. Mato

Kinetic Resolution in Transannular Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction: An Approximation to the Synthesis of Sesquiterpenes from Guaiane Family

An approximation to the synthesis of several sesquiterpenes from the Guaiane family is described in which the core structure was obtained through a transannular Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction performed under kinetic resolution. Several manipulations of the obtained MBH adduct have been carried out directed towards the total synthesis of γ-Gurjunene, to the formal synthesis of Clavukerin A, to the synthesis of a non-natural isomer of isoguaiane and to the synthesis of an advanced intermediate in the total synthesis of Palustrol.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), grant numbers FEDER-CTQ2017-83633P and FEDER-PID2020-118422-GB-I00 and by the Basque Government, grant number Grupos IT908-16

Catalytic enantioselective domino Michael/transannular aldol reaction under bifunctional catalysis

The enantioselective Michael reaction catalyzed by a bifunctional tertiary amine/squaramide has been used to trigger a Michael/transannular aldol cascade process that leads to densely substituted bicyclo[5.4.0]undecanes and in which three contiguous stereogenic centres, one of them a tertiary alcohol moiety, have been formed in a fully stereocontrolled fashion.Spanish MICINN(FEDER-CTQ201783633-P), Basque Government (Grupos IT908-16 and fellowships to R.Mato and R.Manzano

Usefulness of myeloid dendritic cells in cellular in vitro assays for evaluating immediate hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams.

Introduction Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) with an important role detecting, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells. The analysis of maturation after in vitro stimulation with the culprit drug, and their ability to trigger the proliferation of specific T cell populations in patients with immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHRs) could serve to prove the sensitization to a drug. Most approaches used monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), although their sensitivity is not optimal. The different nature of moDCs and myeloid DCs (mDCs), main DC population involved during the in vivo development of IDHRs, could influence the sensitivity of these in vitro tests. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of two betalactams (BLs), amoxicillin (AX) and clavulanic acid (CLV) in moDCs and mDCs from selective-allergic patients (AP) to each BL, as well as to assess their capacity to stimulate different T cell populations. Methods mDCs and moDCs were obtained from 14 AX-AP, 14 CLV-AP and 10 Healthy controls (HC). After stimulating with the culprit BL, maturation and their capacity to stimulate different T cell populations was assessed by flow cytometry. Results Higher maturation was observed in both AX- and CLV-AP compared with HC when using BL-stimulated-mDCs, whereas with moDCs, only higher was observed in AX-AP, but not in CLV-AP. The % of positive maturation cases was higher with mDCs than moDCs, with higher % with AX compared to CLV. The most relevant T cell population proliferative response was obtained in CD4+Th2 cells, reaching to 67% of positivity when using mDCs, followed by 50% with the traditional LTT, and only of 22% with moDCs from AX-AP. The specificity was higher than 80% in all cases. Conclusions mDCs from selective AP efficiently recognised the culprit drug and triggered the proliferation of T-cells, mainly those with a Th2 cytokine pattern, although these responses depended on the drug.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Life cycle assessment of alternative processes to treat fly ash from waste incineration

Unsustainable consumption and production patterns, together with industrialization and population growth, have increased the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), causing several environmental problems. The European Waste Framework Directive (WFD) sets waste prevention, preparation for reuse and recycling as priority strategies. Nevertheless, still a great amount of MSW ends up in landfills and waste-to-energy (WtE) plants. WtE plants reduces waste volume and allows efficient recovery of energy, however, incineration results in various types of solid wastes, bottom, boiler and fly ashes (FA). Due to the concentration of dangerous substances, FA are treated by means of stabilisation/solidification (S/S), thermal treatments or combined treatments, to reduce their toxicity and to avoid negative impacts on the environment and human health. Among S/S alternatives, stabilisation with cement and carbonation are one of the most popular. To determine the environmental performance of these processes this paper conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA). The study evaluated FA stabilisation with cement and water and FA carbonation for 55 % and 100 % excess of CO2 in the flue gas at the outlet of the reactor, and pressures of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 bar. The results showed that the range of pressure between 3 and 4 bar, and 55 % excess of CO2 in the flue gas have an efficient performance. The comparison of FA carbonation and stabilization displayed that the latter has higher impacts than the alternative carbonation due mainly to the cement production and the reduction of lixiviation and CO2 capture in the ash

Diagnosis of immediate reactions to amoxicillin: Comparison of basophil activation markers CD63 and CD203c in a prospective study

Amoxicillin (AX) combined or not with clavulanic acid (CLV) is frequently involved in IgE-mediated reactions. Drug provocation test (DPT) is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis, although contraindicated in high-risk patients. Basophil activation test (BAT) can help diagnose immediate reactions to beta-lactams, although controversy exists regarding the best activation marker. We have performed a real-life study in a prospective cohort to analyze the real value of BAT as diagnostic tool and the best activation marker, CD63 and CD203c, for the evaluation of immediate reactions to these drugs.We thank Claudia Corazza for her invaluable English language support; Verónica Prados and Ana Molina for their help in technical support in flow cytometry methods. This work has been supported by Institute of Health “Carlos III” (ISCIII) of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; grants co-funded by European Regional Development Fund: PI15/01206, PI17/01237, PI18/00095, PI20/01734, RETICS ARADYAL RD16/0006/0001, and RICORS REI (RD21/0002/0008); Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (grants PI-0241-2016, PE-0172-2018, and PI-0127-2020); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Proyectos de I + D + I «Programación Conjunta Internacional», EuroNanoMed 2019 (PCI2019-111825-2)). AA holds a Senior Postdoctoral Contract (RH-0099-2020) with the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (cofunded by European Social Fund (ESF): "Andalucía se mueve con Europa". GB holds a “Juan Rodes” contract (JR18/00054) by ISCIII of MINECO (cofounded by ESF). ID holds a clinical research stabilization contract by Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (RB-0001-2022). ML holds a “Rio Hortega” contract (CM20/00210) by ISCIII of MINECO (cofounded by ESF). CF holds a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (agreement n° PI-0241-2016101027955). CM holds a “Nicolas Monardes” research contract by Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (RC-0004-2021). // Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA