8,549 research outputs found
Organic Molecules in the Galactic Center. Hot Core Chemistry without Hot Cores
We study the origin of large abundances of complex organic molecules in the
Galactic center (GC). We carried out a systematic study of the complex organic
molecules CH3OH, C2H5OH, (CH3)2O, HCOOCH3, HCOOH, CH3COOH, H2CO, and CS toward
40 GC molecular clouds. Using the LTE approximation, we derived the physical
properties of GC molecular clouds and the abundances of the complex
molecules.The CH3OH abundance between clouds varies by nearly two orders of
magnitude from 2.4x10^{-8} to 1.1x10^{-6}. The abundance of the other complex
organic molecules relative to that of CH3OH is basically independent of the
CH3OH abundance, with variations of only a factor 4-8. The abundances of
complex organic molecules in the GC are compared with those measured in hot
cores and hot corinos, in which these complex molecules are also abundant. We
find that both the abundance and the abundance ratios of the complex molecules
relative to CH3OH in hot cores are similar to those found in the GC clouds.
However, hot corinos show different abundance ratios than observed in hot cores
and in GC clouds. The rather constant abundance of all the complex molecules
relative to CH3OH suggests that all complex molecules are ejected from grain
mantles by shocks. Frequent (similar 10^{5}years) shocks with velocities >6km/s
are required to explain the high abundances in gas phase of complex organic
molecules in the GC molecular clouds. The rather uniform abundance ratios in
the GC clouds and in Galactic hot cores indicate a similar average composition
of grain mantles in both kinds of regions. The Sickle and the Thermal Radio
Arches, affected by UV radiation, show different relative abundances in the
complex organic molecules due to the differentially photodissociation of these
molecules.Comment: 18 pages, 10 Postscript figures, uses aa.cls, aa.bst, 10pt.rtx,
natbib.sty, revsymb.sty revtex4.cls, aps.rtx and aalongtabl.sty. Accepted in
A&A 2006. version 2. relocated figures and tables. Language editor
suggestions. added reference
Doping and temperature dependence of Mn 3d states in A-site ordered manganites
We present a systematic study of the electronic structure in A-site ordered
manganites as function of doping and temperature. The energy dependencies
observed with soft x-ray resonant diffraction (SXRD) at the Mn L_{2,3} edges
are compared with structural investigations using neutron powder diffraction as
well as with cluster calculations. The crystal structures obtained with neutron
powder diffraction reflect the various orbital and charge ordered phases and
show an increase of the Mn-O-Mn bond angle as function of doping and
temperature. Cluster calculations show that the observed spectral changes in
SXRD as a function of doping are more pronounced than expected from an increase
in bandwitdh due to the increase in Mn-O-Mn bond angle, and are best described
by holes that are distributed at the neighbouring oxygen ions. These holes are
not directly added to the Mn 3d shell, but centered at the Mn site. In
contrast, the spectral changes in SXRD as function of temperature are best
described by an increase of magnetic correlations. This demonstrates the strong
correlations between orbitals and magnetic moments of the 3d states
Sharp values for the constants in the polynomial Bohnenblust-Hille inequality
In this paper we prove that the complex polynomial Bohnenblust-Hille constant
for -homogeneous polynomials in is exactly
. We also give the exact value of the real polynomial
Bohnenblust-Hille constant for -homogeneous polynomials in .
Finally, we provide lower estimates for the real polynomial Bohnenblust-Hille
constant for polynomials in of higher degrees.Comment: 16 page
Cluster analysis of Iberian, Duroc and crossed pigs
Ponencia publicada en ITEA, vol.104En este estudio se utilizaron datos reales de individuos Ibéricos y Duroc, así como individuos simulados para generar una F1 y los retrocruces respectivos de Ibérico y de Duroc. Se evaluó la capacidad de tres métodos de agrupamiento para distinguir entre estas cinco poblaciones. Los resultados indican que los métodos de agrupamiento evaluados no detectan la partición óptima. En parte el problema se debe a la distinta configuración genética de diferentes variedades (estirpes) de la raza Ibérica que los métodos son capaces de detectar e interfieren en la separación entre individuos puros y cruzados.In this study real data from Iberian and Duroc individuals were used, as well as simulated F1, Iberian and Duroc backcrossed individuals. The ability of three clustering methods to separate the five populations was evaluated. Results indicate that the clustering methods do not detect the optimal partition. The problem is, in part, due to the different genetic configurations of the different strains of Iberian pigs that the methods can detect and, therefore, interfering in the separation between pure and crossed individual
Point defects on graphene on metals
Understanding the coupling of graphene with its local environment is critical
to be able to integrate it in tomorrow's electronic devices. Here we show how
the presence of a metallic substrate affects the properties of an atomically
tailored graphene layer. We have deliberately introduced single carbon
vacancies on a graphene monolayer grown on a Pt(111) surface and investigated
its impact in the electronic, structural and magnetic properties of the
graphene layer. Our low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy studies,
complemented by density functional theory, show the existence of a broad
electronic resonance above the Fermi energy associated with the vacancies.
Vacancy sites become reactive leading to an increase of the coupling between
the graphene layer and the metal substrate at these points; this gives rise to
a rapid decay of the localized state and the quenching of the magnetic moment
associated with carbon vacancies in free-standing graphene layers
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