Copolímeros de poliuretano do tipo poli[(hexametileno-carbamato- butanodiol)-co-(carbonato-co-éster)]

Los poliuretanos segmentados termoplástico elastoméricos (PUSTE) comprenden una familia de materiales muy versátiles debido a su su potencial empleo en diversos campos tales como biomedicina. Entre los PUSTE los formados por policarbonatos dioles y diisocianatos alifáticos son especialmente atractivos debido a su bioestabilidad y biocompatibilidad. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis morfológico y conducta mecánica de una familia de PUSTEs formados por 1,6-hexametilen diisocianato (HDI), 1,4-butanodiol (BD) y un copolímero cauchoso de policaprolactona y polihexametilen carbonato diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, sintetizados con distinta relación entre bloques rígidos (HDI-BD) y copolímero cauchoso.Segmented thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (PUSTE) comprise a family of very versatile materials with large potential for their applicability in different fields such as biomedicine. Among the PUSTEs the ones formed by polycarbonates diols and aliphatic diisocyanates are especially attractive due to their bioestability and biocompativility. In this work we present the results of morphological and mechanical characterization of different PUSTEs formed by 1,6-hexamethyene diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol and a copolymer of polycaprolactone and polyhexamethylene carbonate diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, synthesized with different ratios between rigid (HDI-BD) segments and the rubbery copolymer.Os poliuretanos segmentados termoplástico elastoméricos (PUSTE) compõem uma família de materiais versátil devido ao seu potencial uso em diversas áreas tais como biomedicina. Entre o PUSTE aqueles formaram por policarbonato dióis e diisocianatos alifáticos são especialmente atraentes porque seu biostability e biocompatibilidade. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise morfológica e comportamento mecânico de uma família de PUSTEs é composto por 1,6-hexametilen diisocianato (HDI), 1,4-butanodiol (BD) e um copolímero de policaprolactona e polihexametilen carbonato de diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, sintetizado com proporção diferente de copolímero de cauchoso de blocos rígida (HDI-BD)

Copolímeros de poliuretano do tipo poli[(hexametileno-carbamato- butanodiol)-co-(carbonato-co-éster)]

Los poliuretanos segmentados termoplástico elastoméricos (PUSTE) comprenden una familia de materiales muy versátiles debido a su su potencial empleo en diversos campos tales como biomedicina. Entre los PUSTE los formados por policarbonatos dioles y diisocianatos alifáticos son especialmente atractivos debido a su bioestabilidad y biocompatibilidad. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis morfológico y conducta mecánica de una familia de PUSTEs formados por 1,6-hexametilen diisocianato (HDI), 1,4-butanodiol (BD) y un copolímero cauchoso de policaprolactona y polihexametilen carbonato diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, sintetizados con distinta relación entre bloques rígidos (HDI-BD) y copolímero cauchoso.Segmented thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (PUSTE) comprise a family of very versatile materials with large potential for their applicability in different fields such as biomedicine. Among the PUSTEs the ones formed by polycarbonates diols and aliphatic diisocyanates are especially attractive due to their bioestability and biocompativility. In this work we present the results of morphological and mechanical characterization of different PUSTEs formed by 1,6-hexamethyene diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol and a copolymer of polycaprolactone and polyhexamethylene carbonate diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, synthesized with different ratios between rigid (HDI-BD) segments and the rubbery copolymer.Os poliuretanos segmentados termoplástico elastoméricos (PUSTE) compõem uma família de materiais versátil devido ao seu potencial uso em diversas áreas tais como biomedicina. Entre o PUSTE aqueles formaram por policarbonato dióis e diisocianatos alifáticos são especialmente atraentes porque seu biostability e biocompatibilidade. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise morfológica e comportamento mecânico de uma família de PUSTEs é composto por 1,6-hexametilen diisocianato (HDI), 1,4-butanodiol (BD) e um copolímero de policaprolactona e polihexametilen carbonato de diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, sintetizado com proporção diferente de copolímero de cauchoso de blocos rígida (HDI-BD)

Programa de salud para la prevención y detección precoz de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria dirigido a familiares de adolescentes en edad de riesgo

Introducción: Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria son la tercera enfermedad crónica más prevalente entre jóvenes, y están favorecidos por diversos factores del entorno diario. Su magnitud justifica la intervención de Enfermería de Atención Primaria para la educación de los núcleos familiares en prevención y detección precoz de estos trastornos, consiguiendo una disminución de su incidencia y la mejora de su evolución clínica.Objetivos: Desarrollar la prevención y detección precoz de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria y su derivación a la red de profesionales especialistas a partir de intervenciones de Enfermería de Atención Primaria.Metodología: Tras una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica en la que se ha obtenido información actualizada sobre los TCA, se ha realizado un programa de salud para la prevención y detección precoz de los mismos, dirigido a familiares de adolescentes en edad de riesgo para su desarrollo.Conclusiones: Es necesario el abordaje de los TCA desde la Enfermería de Atención Primaria, mediante la formación de los núcleos familiares de adolescentes con TCA potenciales en la prevención y detección precoz, así como mediante la comunicación con la Atención Especializada en Salud Mental.<br /

Tailoring Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Sorbitol and Corn Derived Biopolyol Mixtures

Sorbitol arises to be a strong candidate for renewably sourced polyol synthesis. Moreover, processes for extracting sorbitol directly from cellulosic materials are effective, and materials such as agroforestry residues could be used as green sorbitol sources. Rigid polyurethane foams were successfully synthesized by using mixtures of a sorbitol based high functionality polyol and a corn based diol. Microstructure and properties of the rigid polyurethane foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, thermal conductivity measurements, compression tests, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Results showed that the cross-linking density of the formed polymer network was directly modified by polyol mixture ratio, and microstructure and properties also changed in consonance. The incorporation of different amounts of a diol with longer chain length between hydroxyl groups allowed fixing the rigidity of the foams, opening the door to the possibility of designing rigid polyurethane foams with tailored properties.Financial support from the Basque Government in the frame of Grupos Consolidados (IT-776-13) and from European Union-FP7-PIRSES-GA-2012-BIOPURFIL program is gratefully acknowledged. Additionally, the author thanks the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) for funding this work (PIFUPV047/2011). Technical support provided by SGIker (UPV/EHU, MINECO, GV/EJ, ESF) is gratefully acknowledged

Copolímeros de poliuretano del tipo poli[(hexametilen-carbamato- butanodiol)-co-(carbonato-co-éster)]

Resumen Los poliuretanos segmentados termoplástico elastoméricos (PUSTE) comprenden una familia de materiales muy versátiles debido a su potencial empleo en diversos campos tales como biomedicina. Entre los PUSTE los formados por policarbonatos dioles y diisocianatos alifáticos son especialmente atractivos debido a su bioestabilidad y biocompatibilidad. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis morfológico y conducta mecánica de una familia de PUSTEs formados por 1,6-hexametilen diisocianato (HDI), 1,4-butanodiol (BD) y un copolímero cauchoso de policaprolactona y polihexametilen carbonato diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, sintetizados con distinta relación entre bloques rígidos (HDI-BD) y copolímero cauchoso.Segmented thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (PUSTE) comprise a family of very versatile materials with large potential for their applicability in different fields such as biomedicine. Among the PUSTEs the ones formed by polycarbonates diols and aliphatic diisocyanates are especially attractive due to their bioestability and biocompativility. In this work we present the results of morphological and mechanical characterization of different PUSTEs formed by 1,6-hexamethyene diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol and a copolymer of polycaprolactone and polyhexamethylene carbonate diol, PCL-b-PHMC-b-PCL, synthesized with different ratios between rigid (HDI-BD) segments and the rubbery copolymer

Strain sensitive conductive polyurethane foam/graphene nanocomposites prepared by impregnation method

Se prepararon nanocompuestos de espuma de poliuretano conductores mediante la incorporación de flakes de grafeno. Los flakes de grafeno se obtuvieron a partir de grafito por el método de exfoliación líquida en N metilpirrolidona y se seleccionaron por tamaño mediante centrifugación. Se realizó una caracterización en profundidad de los flakes de grafeno para comprender su rol como nanoentidades en la matriz de espuma de poliuretano. Así, la morfología, con especial énfasis en el número de capas, se analizó mediante espectroscopia Raman, microscopia de fuerza atómica y microscopia electrónica de transmisión. La microscopía de fuerza electrostática se utilizó para verificar la naturaleza conductora de los flakes de grafeno. Esta técnica demostró ser eficaz para evaluar tanto la morfología como las propiedades conductoras de los flakes de grafeno. En cuanto al comportamiento eléctrico de los nanocomposites de espuma, se determinó que la resistencia eléctrica depende tanto del contenido de grafeno como de la deformación por compresión aplicada al material.Poliuretano-aparraren nanokonposatu eroaleak prestatu ziren grafeno xaflak gehituz. Grafeno xaflak grafitotik abiatuta lortu ziren, N-metil pirrolidona bidezko esfoliazio likidoaren aplikatuz, eta tamainaren arabera banatu ziren zentrifugazio bidez. Grafeno xaflen karakterizazio sakona egin zen, poliuretano-aparraren matrizean nanoentitate gisa duten eginkizuna hobeto ulertzeko. Horrela, xaflen morfologia Raman espektroskopia, indar atomikozko mikroskopia eta transmisio elektronikozko mikroskopia bidez aztertu zen, geruza kantitatean arreta berezia jarriz. Indar elektrostatikoko mikroskopia grafeno xaflen izaera eroalea egiaztatzeko erabili zen. Teknika hori eraginkorra izan zen grafeno xaflen morfologia eta propietate eroaleak ebaluatzeko. Apar nanokonposatuen portaera elektrikoari dagokionez, erresistentzia elektrikoa grafeno-edukiaren eta materialari aplikatutako konpresio bidezko deformazioaren araberakoa zela ondorioztatu zen.Gobierno Vasco Grupos Consolidados (IT 776 13) Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (PIFUPV047/2011

Role of outsiders in the family firms

Las características del consejo de administración, su funcionamiento y composición, son en la mayoría de las empresas familiares un reflejo de la estructura del poder, experiencia, inquietudes y cultura que posee esa empresa. La presencia de externos en el consejo no ha de suponer la pérdida de control por parte de la familia. Esto último, pondría en peligro la transmisión de la cultura y valores de la empresa, de la visión de la familia y su materialización en la estrategia. En este trabajo se recogen una serie de recomendaciones sobre la adecuada incorporación de outsiders en la empresa familiar dependiendo del resultado de la combinación de la distribución de la propiedad y del tipo de gestión.The characteristics of the Board of Directors, its running and composition reflect, for most family firms, their structure of power, experience, interests and culture. The presence of outsiders in the board does not necessarily imply a loss of power by the family, as this will impair the transfer of the culture and values of the firm, the vision of the family and its strategic implementation. This work includes a series of recommendations on the most adequate way to integrate outsiders in family firms depending on the combination of ownership distribution and kind of management

ERECTA and BAK1 Receptor Like Kinases Interact to Regulate Immune Responses in Arabidopsis

ERECTA (ER) receptor-like kinase (RLK) regulates Arabidopsis thaliana organ growth, and inflorescence and stomatal development by interacting with the ERECTA-family genes (ERf) paralogs, ER-like 1 (ERL1) and ERL2, and the receptor-like protein (RLP) TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM). ER also controls immune responses and resistance to pathogens such as the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM). We found that er null-mutant plants overexpressing an ER dominant-negative version lacking the cytoplasmic kinase domain (ERΔK) showed an enhanced susceptibility to PcBMM, suggesting that ERΔK associates and forms inactive complexes with additional RLKs/RLPs required for PcBMM resistance. Genetic analyses demonstrated that ER acts in a combinatorial specific manner with ERL1, ERL2, and TMM to control PcBMM resistance. Moreover, BAK1 (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated kinase 1) RLK, which together with ERf/TMM regulates stomatal patterning and resistance to Pto, was also found to have an unequal contribution with ER in regulating immune responses and resistance to PcBMM. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana further demonstrated BAK1-ER protein interaction. The secreted epidermal pattern factor peptides (EPF1 and EPF2), which are perceived by ERf members to specify stomatal patterning, do not seem to regulate ER-mediated immunity to PcBMM, since their inducible overexpression in A. thaliana did not impact on PcBMM resistance. Our results indicate that the multiproteic receptorsome formed by ERf, TMM and BAK1 modulates A. thaliana resistance to PcBMM, and suggest that the cues underlying ERf/TMM/BAK1-mediated immune responses are distinct from those regulating stomatal pattering

Brain functional abnormality in schizo-affective disorder: an fMRI study.

Background.Schizo-affective disorder has not been studied to any significant extent using functional imaging. The aim of this study was to examine patterns of brain activation and deactivation in patients meeting strict diagnostic criteria for the disorder. METHOD: Thirty-two patients meeting research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for schizo-affective disorder (16 schizomanic and 16 schizodepressive) and 32 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups. RESULTS: Controls showed activation in a network of frontal and other areas and also deactivation in the medial frontal cortex, the precuneus and the parietal cortex. Schizo-affective patients activated significantly less in prefrontal, parietal and temporal regions than the controls, and also showed failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex. When task performance was controlled for, the reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the failure of deactivation of the medial frontal cortex remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Schizo-affective disorder shows a similar pattern of reduced frontal activation to schizophrenia. The disorder is also characterized by failure of deactivation suggestive of default mode network dysfunction

Evaluation of machine learning algorithms and structural features for optimal MRI-based diagnostic prediction in psychosis

A relatively large number of studies have investigated the power of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data to discriminate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls. However, very few of them have also included patients with bipolar disorder, allowing the clinically relevant discrimination between both psychotic diagnostics. To assess the efficacy of sMRI data for diagnostic prediction in psychosis we objectively evaluated the discriminative power of a wide range of commonly used machine learning algorithms (ridge, lasso, elastic net and L0 norm regularized logistic regressions, a support vector classifier, regularized discriminant analysis, random forests and a Gaussian process classifier) on main sMRI features including grey and white matter voxel-based morphometry (VBM), vertex-based cortical thickness and volume, region of interest volumetric measures and wavelet-based morphometry (WBM) maps. All possible combinations of algorithms and data features were considered in pairwise classifications of matched samples of healthy controls (N = 127), patients with schizophrenia (N = 128) and patients with bipolar disorder (N = 128). Results show that the selection of feature type is important, with grey matter VBM (without data reduction) delivering the best diagnostic prediction rates (averaging over classifiers: schizophrenia vs. healthy 75%, bipolar disorder vs. healthy 63% and schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder 62%) whereas algorithms usually yielded very similar results. Indeed, those grey matter VBM accuracy rates were not even improved by combining all feature types in a single prediction model. Further multi-class classifications considering the three groups simultaneously made evident a lack of predictive power for the bipolar group, probably due to its intermediate anatomical features, located between those observed in healthy controls and those found in patients with schizophrenia. Finally, we provide MRIPredict (https://www.nitrc.org/projects/mripredict/), a free tool for SPM, FSL and R, to easily carry out voxelwise predictions based on VBM images