Evaluación de la función adrenal en perros

En 30 perros sanos, hemos estudiado los niveles de cortisol plasmático antes y después de la administración de hormona adrenocórticotropa (ACTH sintético, vía i.m.) y de dexametasona (dosis de 0,01 y 0,02 mg/Kg p.v., vía i.v.), Las pruebas se iniciaron siempre antes de las 10 horas de la mañana y las determinaciones de cortisol plasmático se evaluaron mediante técnicas de RIA. En nuestras condiciones de trabajo, hemos encontrado unos niveles basales de cortisol cuyo rango va de 0,17 a 7,95 ug/ dl. Se ha observado que, en perros sin sintomatología adrenal y con perfiles hematológicos y bioquímicos normales, la prueba de estimulación con ACTH exógeno, a las dos horas de su administración, es capaz de discriminar como animales sanos el 76,7% de los individuos (23 animales), dando falsos resultados positivos en el 10% (3 animales) y una estimulación baja en el U)% (4 animales). La prueba con dexametasona (0,01 mg/Kg p.v.), a las 8 horas de su aplicación, sólo es capaz de ejercer efecto inhibitorio en el 40% de los casos (12 individuos); pero cuando se incrementa la dosis al doble (dexametasona 0,02 mg/Kg p.v.) se 49 obtienen los mejores resultados de toda la experiencia porque se produce el efecto supresor esperado en el 96,7% de los individuos (29 animales).Thirty healty dogs uiere evaluated for plasma cortisol values before and after adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACm, administered i.m.) and low dose dexamethasone (0.01 and 0.02 mglKgp.v. administered i.u.). The assays started always before 10 hour A.M.} and cortisol plasma concentrations were determined by RIA. In our laboratory we have obserued the normal baseline morning cortisol concentration was between 0.17 and 7.95 ¡..tgldl. ACTH-estimulation test wasfound abnormal bypereponse in 10% (J animals), anormallow stimulation in 11.1% (a dogs) and a expected byperreponse in 76.7% (23) ofthe normal dogs.Dexamethasone-screening test (0.01 mg/Kgp.v.) bring us supressed effect in 40% (12 animals). But wefound the best reliable results when screening test was applied with 0.02 mg/Kgp.v. dexamethasone dose. the suppressed especting effect wasfound in 06. 7% (29 dogs)

Hipersensibilidad en el gato

En el gato, el picor es un signo más difícil de reconocer que en el perro. Las manifestaciones clínicas de prurito son muy limitadas en la especie felina, de tal forma que se pueden reducir a cinco formas o cuadros principales:(1)la dermatitis miliar,(2)el prurito facial, (3) la alopecia simétrica, (4) el complejo granuloma eosinofílico y (5) la dermatitis costrosa/escamosa más o menos localizada. De entre las numerosas causas que pueden ocasionar picores, las reacciones de hipersensibilidad (a pulgas, alimentos, alérgenos inhalados, alérgenos de contacto, fármacos y parásitos intestinales) constituyen el grupo etiológico más importante después de los procesos parasitarios. Debido a la similitud de sintomatología cutánea que manifiestan los distintos alérgenos, se impone un buen conocimiento de los tests laboraroriales disponibles de cara a establecer un diagnóstico diferencial preciso y un tratamiento idóneo.The itchy in the cat is more difficult to recognize than the itchy in the dog. There are only five important patterns of cutaneous disease associated with pruritus in the cat: (1) miliary dermatitis, (2) pruritus of the head, (3) symetrical alopecia, (4) eosinophilic granuloma complex, and (5) regional or generalized scaling/crusting dermatosis. Hipersensibility (to flea, aereoalergen, food, contac, drug, intestinal parasite) is after parasitic dermatosis, the most important cause of pruritus. Because the simzJarcutaneous manzfestation of the different alergens, is neccessary to know the laboratory tests in arder to stablishing an accurate diagnosis and the better treatment

Clinical leishmaniosis in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) treated with miltefosine plus allopurinol: Serological and clinical follow-up

The published information on the treatment of mustelid leishmaniosis is extremely scarce because there are only two case reports available. In one case, a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was treated with a combination of meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol and, in the other case, a therapeutic regimen with allopurinol was administrated to a Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). This article describes for the first time a combined therapeutic protocol with miltefosine (2 mg/kg once a day during 28 days per os), and allopurinol (10 mg/kg twice a day PO sine die) in a domestic ferret with splenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly and a facial pyogranulomatous dermatitis, with a moderate level of antibodies to Leishmania infantum. © 2021 Elsevier B.V

Anti-adhesive activity of cranberry phenolic compounds and their microbial-derived metabolites against uropathogenic Escherichia coli in bladder epithelial cell cultures

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- This article belongs to the Special Issue Phenolics and Polyphenolics 2015.Cranberry consumption has shown prophylactic effects against urinary tract infections (UTI), although the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this paper, cranberry phenolic compounds and their potential microbial-derived metabolites (such as simple phenols and benzoic, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acids) were tested for their capacity to inhibit the adherence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) ATCC®53503™ to T24 epithelial bladder cells. Catechol, benzoic acid, vanillic acid, phenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid showed anti-adhesive activity against UPEC in a concentration-dependent manner from 100-500 µM, whereas procyanidin A2, widely reported as an inhibitor of UPEC adherence on uroepithelium, was only statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 500 µM (51.3% inhibition). The results proved for the first time the anti-adhesive activity of some cranberry-derived phenolic metabolites against UPEC in vitro, suggesting that their presence in the urine could reduce bacterial colonization and progression of UTI.This work was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (Projects AGL-2010-17499 and AGL2012-40172-C02-01) and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Project ALIBIRD S2013/ABI-2728), Spain. Adelaida Esteban-Fernández would like to thank the MINECO-FPI program for her research contract.We acknowledge the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

Evaluación del metabolismo colónico de un vino tinto mediante el empleo de un nuevo modelo de simulación gastrointestinal dinámico (SIMGI)

Este libro recoge el amplio y significativo elenco de estudios recientemente realizados por los grupos de investigación de la red GIENOL (Grupos de investigación enológica).Los polifenoles del vino pueden influir positivamente en la salud del hombre modificando la actividad metabólica y/o composición de la microbiota intestinal. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar el metabolismo colónico de un vino tinto mediante el empleo de un nuevo modelo de simulación dinámico del tracto gastrointestinal (denominado SIMGI), utilizando heces humanas de donantes sanos (n=2). Para los tres compartimentos del colon ‐ascendente, transverso y descendente‐ se llevó a cabo la monitorización de diferentes parámetros metabólicos (compuestos fenólicos del vino y sus metabolitos, ion amonio y ácidos grasos de cadena corta (SCFA)) y microbiológicos (recuentos, qPCR), incluyendo la comparativa tras la alimentación del sistema con vino sintético (sin polifenoles). Los resultados mostraron que la ingesta moderada de vino activaba el metabolismo de la microbiota colónica. Se encontraron aumentos significativos para los ácidos gálico, protocatéquico, 3‐Ometilgálico, 4‐hidroxibenzoico, 3,4‐dihidroxifenilpropiónico, vainillínico, siríngico, y salicílico después de la alimentación con vino. Simultáneamente, se observó una disminución en la formación del ion amonio y un incremento en la proporción del ácido butanoico. A nivel microbiológico, los principales cambios tuvieron lugar en el colon ascendente. En conclusión, estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que el vino modula la actividad metabólica de la microbiota intestinal in vitro, y demuestran la utilidad del SIMGI como modelo de simulación gastrointestinal dinámico.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el MINECO a través del proyecto AGL2012‐40172‐C02‐01, el Programa de la Comunidad Madrid ALIBIRD‐CM S2013/ABI ‐2728 y el Proyecto Intramural CSIC 201270E065.Peer Reviewe

Cranberry-derived phenolic metabolites and urinary tract infections

Resumen del póster presentado a la 7th International Conference on Polyphenols and Health, celebrada en Tours (Francia) del 27 al 30 de octubre de 2015.The beneficial effects of cranbeny products against urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been attributed, at least partly, to their A-type proanthocyanidin (PAC) content. A-type PACs have shown uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-anti-adhesive activity, although they are unlikely to appear in urine at relevant concentrations as they are poorly absorbed. One leading hypothesis is that PAC-derived metabolites present in urine would operate in the phase of UPEC adyherence to uroepithelial cells, preventing bacterial colonization. In addition to this, and as it is becoming evident that the intestine is a reservoir for uropathogenic bacteria, other hypothesis is that. A-type proanthocyanidins specifically decrease the transient intestinal colonisation b UPEC, consequently reducing the risk of UTI incidence. In any case, gut microbiota (and its inter-individual variability) seems to be an important factor to be considered. In this communication, we summarize our results from different approaches aimed to look into the mechanisms that are behind the protedive action of cranberry polyphenols against ITUs: 1)in vitro fermentations of cranbeny polyphenols with colonic microbiota, that were performed to access the microbial-derived metabolic profile of cranbeny polyphenols as well as their effect on gut microbiota survival, 2) an in vivo trial with model mouse intraurethral-inoculated wilh UPEC, that evaluated the effectiveness of cranbeny supplementation in bacterial infection as well as its impact on faecal phenolic metabolism and faecal microbiota, 3) testing the UPEC-antiadhesive capacity of cranbeny phenolic compounds and their metabolites in bladder epithelial cell culíures, and 4) ex vivo studies of UPEC-antiadhesive capacity of mice mines collected after cranbeny supplementation.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MiNECO) (Projects AGL-2010-17499 and AGL2012-40172-C02-01) and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Project ALIBIRD S2013/ABI-2728), Spain.Peer Reviewe

Magnetotactic bacteria for cancer therapy

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are aquatic microorganisms that are able to biomineralize membrane-enclosed magnetic nanoparticles called magnetosomes. Inside the MTB, magnetosomes are arranged in a chain that allows MTB to align and navigate along the Earth's magnetic field. When isolated from the MTB, magnetosomes display a number of potential applications for targeted cancer therapies, such as magnetic hyperthermia, localized drug delivery, or tumor monitoring. The characteristics and properties of magnetosomes for these applications exceed in several aspects those of synthetic magnetic nanoparticles. Likewise, the whole MTB can also be considered as promising agents for cancer treatment, taking advantage of their self-propulsion capability provided by their flagella and the guidance capabilities ensured by their magnetosome chain. Indeed, MTB are envisaged as nanobiots that can be guided and manipulated by external magnetic fields and are naturally attracted toward hypoxic areas, such as the tumor regions, while retaining the therapeutic and imaging capacities of the isolated magnetosomes. Moreover, unlike most of the bacteria currently tested in clinical trials for cancer therapy, MTB are not pathogenic but could be engineered to deliver and/or express specific cytotoxic molecules. In this article, we will review the progress and perspectives of this emerging research field and will discuss the main challenges to overcome before the use of MTB can be successfully applied in the clinic.The Spanish and Basque Governments are acknowledged for funding under Project Nos. MAT2017-83631-C3-R and IT-1245-19, respectively

Comparative effects of A- and B-type proanthocyanidins in the prevention of urinary tract infection in mice

Resumen del póster presentado a la VI International Conference on Polyphenols and Health celebrada en Buenos Aires (Argentina) del 16 al 19 de octubre de 2013.Consumption of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpum) is widely recommended forprophylaxis against urinary tract infections (UTI) in women. Among cranberry components, A-type proanthocyanins would be implicated in these preventive effects against UTI. However, proanthocyanidins are poorly absorbed in the small intestine, but subjected to extensive biotransformation in the colon, although studies are almost restricted to B-type proanthocyanidins. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that urinary metabolome from of A-type and B-type proanthocyanidins-mainly derived from their colonic catabolism-differ,and only metabolites from the A-type procyanidins have protective effects against UTI. To test this hypothesis, JAXc3H/OuJ female mice previously fed with specific diet (control, 1% cranberry extract and 1% grape seed extract) for 2 weeks, were inoculated with the uropathogenic E. coli (ATCC 53503™) to provoke infection, and maintained 2 weeks more before being sacrificed. Urine samples were collected at different times and subjected to E.coli counting, leukocytary esterase and nitrites analyses, and mieloperoxidase task. Samples of kidney and bladder tissues were also collected for E. coli counting and histopathologic analysis. Additionally, the capacity of the urine samples to inhibit bacterial adherence was tested in the T24 bladder cell line (ATCC HTB4 ™).Peer reviewe

Molecular Oxygen Lignin Depolymerization: An Insight into the Stability of Phenolic Monomers

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Y. Mathieu, J. D. Vidal, L. Arribas Martínez, N. Abad Fernández, S. Iborra, A. Corma, ChemSusChem 2020, 13, 4743, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202001295. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] During oxidative depolymn. of lignin in aq. alk. medium using mol. oxygen as oxidant, the highly functionalized primary phenolic monomers are not stable products, owing to various not fully identified secondary reaction mechanisms. However, better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the instability of the main part of the products of interest derived from lignin is of much interest. Evaluation of their individual reactivities under oxidative conditions should significantly help to find a better way to valorize the lignin polymer and to maximize the yields of target value-added products. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to assess the individual stabilities of some selected ligninbased phenolic compds., such as vanillin, vanillic acid, and acetovanillone, together with some other pure chem. compds. such as phenol and anisole to give an insight into the mechanisms responsible for the simultaneous formation and repolymn. of those products and the influence of the oxidn. conditions. Various complementary strategies of stabilization are proposed, discussed, and applied for the oxidative depolymn. reactions of a tech. lignin extd. from pinewood with a high content of b-O-4 interconnecting bonds to try to obtain enhanced yields of value-added products.The authors thank Tecnicas Reunidas for material and financial support. We also acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities for funding through the "Severo Ochoa" Excellence Program (SEV 2016-0683) and the LIGNO-PRIZED project from the Spanish Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) in the framework of the Strategic Program of National Business Research Consortia (CIEN-2016). Special and kindly thanks are also given to Dr. Dalgi Sunith Barbosa Trillos and Dr. Jakob Mottweiler for their priceless help during the elaboration of the present work.Mathieu, Y.; Vidal, JD.; Arribas Martínez, L.; Abad Fernández, N.; Iborra Chornet, S.; Corma Canós, A. (2020). Molecular Oxygen Lignin Depolymerization: An Insight into the Stability of Phenolic Monomers. ChemSusChem. 13(17):4743-4758. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202001295S474347581317BP. energy outlook2019 https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2019.pdf.J. Bluestein J. 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Developing a new innovative methodology to integrate geophysical techniques into characterization of potential CO2 storage sites: Lopín structure (Southern Ebro basin, Spain)

Abstract:One of the main challenges facing geological storage is to identify cost-effective methodologicalworkflows for characterizing and monitoring geological storage sites. In the framework of the ALGECO2 pro-ject, led by the IGME (Geological and Mining Institute, Spain), a preliminary study of the Lopín site in the NEof Spain indicated conditions were promising for geological storage of CO2. However, the poor quality of thelegacy seismic reflection data precluded thorough characterization. Within the H2020 PilotSTRATEGY pro-ject, one of the possible selected target reservoirs was the Lopín structure. In order to characterize its geometryand physical properties as required to properly evaluate its storage potential, IGME applied a new emergingmethodology that integrates reinterpreted reflection seismic data with newly acquired and interpreted gravity,passive seismic and petrophysical data. This methodology was successfully applied along one seismic profile. Inthis paper, we present the results of this integration as thefirst step towards characterizing the site and evaluatingits suitability for storage.Funding for this research came from the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (European Climate,Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), award 101022664