Secuencias didácticas para la construcción de saberes complejos en la enseñanza inicial de la lengua escrita

Esta comunicación pretende mostrar que, más allá de la enseñanza de los elementos gráficos, la alfabetización inicial se apoya en la elaboración de textos y significados insertados en situaciones de comunicación social complejas, que no sólo son posibles en las aulas de los más pequeños sino que son necesarias para dar verdadero cuerpo de naturaleza al aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura. Por un lado, la implementación del currículo de educación infantil supone concebir el aula como un espacio privilegiado para potenciar la autonomía personal, en el que se confíe en las capacidades del niño y donde las actividades estén cargadas de intencionalidad educativa. Así pues, el aula ha de ser ante todo un sistema complejo, dinámico y adaptativo y estimulante, capaz de facilitar y sugerir múltiples posibilidades de acción en el que el lenguaje sea pieza clave. Sobre el lenguaje, oral y escrito, se va construyendo el pensamiento y la capacidad de codificar y decodificar la realidad y la propia experiencia, así como la capacidad de aprender. Para acceder y apropiarse de esa realidad que envuelve al niño hay que manejar situaciones sociales y textos complejos y realizar operaciones mentales de alto nivel, que van más allá de las tareas simples de acceso al código desprovistas de significatividad y de intencionalidad comunicativa. Por ello, partimos de la base de que las actividades de alfabetización inicial no se circunscriben a “los métodos”, por lo que proponemos el modelo de elaboración de secuencias didácticas. Estas posibilitan que los alumnos establezcan una relación consciente y voluntaria con un texto; que se formen una representación de la actividad de escritura como la elaboración progresiva de un producto de trabajo colaborativo. Suponen un trabajo simultáneo de adquisición de información para expresar o interpretar el texto escrito y de aprendizaje del género que trasmite dicha información.This paper aims to show that, beyond teaching the graphic elements, initial literacy is supported by the elaboration of texts and meanings embedded in complex social communication, which are not only possible in the classrooms of the smaller but They are necessary to give true body of nature to learning reading and writing. On the one hand, the implementation of early childhood curriculum involves conceiving the classroom as a privileged space to promote personal autonomy, which is rely on the abilities of the child and where the activities are full of educational purpose. Thus, the classroom must be above all a complex, dynamic and adaptive and stimulating, capable of facilitating and suggest many possibilities of action in which the language is instrumental system. On Language, oral and written, it is built thinking and the ability to encode and decode reality and experience, as well as the ability to learn. To access and appropriate the reality that surrounds the child must handle social situations and complex text and perform high-level mental operations, which go beyond simple tasks access code devoid of significance and communicative intention. Therefore, we start from the premise that early literacy activities are not confined to "methods", we propose the development of model sequences. These enable students to make a conscious and voluntary relationship with a text; a representation of the activity of writing as the progressive development of a product of collaborative work form. Involve simultaneous data acquisition work to express or interpret written and gender learning that transmits the information text

El análisis de impacto económico de las políticas públicas como instrumento de decisión ciudadana: Una aplicación en la política de Cuidados de Larga Duración.

Se ha recorrido un largo camino en lo referente a la contabilidad de los gastos público. Estos avances no son, sin embargo, equiparables a los registrados en el ámbito de la evaluación, y singularmente en lo referido al cálculo del impacto económico de las políticas y el gasto publico asociado a ellas. Sin embargo, son fundamentales no solo para una correcta decisión sino también para una mayor implicación de la ciudadanía en las disposiciones públicas. El trabajo que se presenta supone una estimación, utilizando metodología Input-Output, del impacto económico, sobre el empleo, y la recaudación impositiva de los gastos asociados a los Cuidados de Larga Duración (CLD) derivados del Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia (SAAD), en Andalucía (EspañaUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Service-Learning for Sustainability Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas: What Is Its Global Impact on Business University Students?

5296Service-Learning (SL) is a teaching innovation method that combines learning and social service objectives to improve educational quality and graduate employability. To date, there are hardly any studies on its global impact on university students. This paper describes and evaluates an SL experience for Sustainability Entrepreneurship in the context of Spanish Higher Education. Based on knowledge acquired in classrooms, multi-disciplinary teams of students from di erent subjects related to Business Administration o ered support to potential entrepreneurs from rural municipalities in the complex task of writing a successful Business Plan for their projects for local sustainability. Within this academic framework, our study has two goals: (1) to assess the self-perception of university students about the improvement in their curricular development, professional skills and civic-social responsibility after participating in the SL experience; and (2) to estimate its possible e ect on academic performance. The results show that the students acknowledged they had improved their social and sustainability commitment and their curricular development, and had acquired skills that society increasingly demands from future business professionals. Furthermore, service-students achieved significantly higher academic performance than a control group of non-participating students. These findings highlight the e ectiveness of SL to provide a more holistic education for business university students.S

A Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Development in Low Risk Preterm Children

The results of a longitudinal study on the cognitive development of one group of full-term and three groups of low risk preterm children with different gestational ages (GA) are presented. The 181 participants were divided into four GA groups of similar size. The aims were: 1) To check if there are differences in cognitive development (measured through the Batelle scale) among the GA groups. 2) To establish the predictive factors of cognitive development at 22 and 60 months of age, taking into account biomedical, environmental and individual factors. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA performed at 22 and 60 months of age indicated that the cognitive trajectories of the four GA groups were similar. Linear regression analyses showed that the effect of the different predictors changed in relation to the time of measurement of cognitive development. Biological factors and the quality of home environment had a moderate effect on the cognitive development at 22 months of age. Cognitive results obtained at 22 months of age, and, to a lesser extent, working memory had the greatest effect on cognitive development at 60 months. GA does not predict cognitive development. Preterm children do not show cognitive delay if they are healthyThis research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish Government, grants number PSI2008-03905, PSI2011-23210 and PSI2015-66697-R to the first authorS

Concursos públicos de adquisición de publicaciones periódicas en bibliotecas de Madrid

Sección: La red del CSICDurante 1997 se han realizado en Madrid dos concursos para la adjudicación del suministro de publicaciones periódicas a bibliotecas del CSIC. Han sido dos concursos de distintas características. El primero, individual para la biblioteca del Instituto de Filología, se refería a las revistas del año en curso, pues un concurso anticipado exige el depósito de una fianza que las agencias se arriesgan a perder dada la problemática adquisición de las revistas de humanidades. El segundo concurso fue conjunto, para las bibliotecas del Centro de Información y Documentación (Cindoc), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Centro de Física Miguel Catalán e Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, y era un concurso anticipado para el suministro en 1998. Sin embargo aunque la convocatoria era conjunta, la licitación era por lotes pudiendo adjudicarse cada biblioteca a una agencia diferente, como así ocurrió.N

SBAR Method for Improving Well-Being in the Internal Medicine Unit: Quasi-Experimental Research

SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) is a tool for standardizing and improving interprofessional communication. This study aims to explore the impact of SBAR in healthcare professionals’ wellbeing, through concepts such as job satisfaction, engagement, resilience, and job performance, in the internal medicine unit of a university hospital in the province of León (Spain). This is an observational, descriptive, longitudinal case study with a pre- and post-intervention approach. Questionnaires were distributed to a group of doctors, nurses, and healthcare assistants before and after the implementation of the SBAR tool in the ward. The use of SBAR was monitored to ensure staff compliance. Data statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. Resilience levels increased significantly post-intervention. Job satisfaction and engagement levels remained neutral, slightly decreasing post-intervention. Besides’ being a useful tool to improve communication, SBAR was effective in improving resilience among staff. Several aspects related to hospital management may have had an impact on job satisfaction and engagement results.S

Bacteriophages: The Enemies of Bad Bacteria Are Our Friends!

Some bacteria can enter the human body and make people ill. Usually, these diseases can be cured by antibiotics, but sometimes bacteria are resistant to them, meaning that the antibiotics do not kill the bacteria. In these cases, bacteria become very dangerous. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria but are harmless to humans. To reproduce, they get into a bacterium, where they multiply, and finally they break the bacterial cell open to release the new viruses. Therefore, bacteriophages kill bacteria. Here, we explain how bacteriophages can be used to treat infectious diseases or to remove bacteria from other places where they are unwanted.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Stress, Emotional Intelligence and the Intention to Use Cannabis in Spanish Adolescents: Influence of COVID-19 Confinement

The disease brought about by the SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 coronavirus has had an unprecedented global impact. Confinement to control the outbreak may have mental health consequences for the most vulnerable in the population, including adolescents. This study aims to describe and analyze the relationships between the stress variables, Emotional Intelligence and the intention to use cannabis in healthy adolescents, before and after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic containment stage. A comparative correlational study was carried out with validated self-completed questionnaires through an online platform. The sample is made up of adolescents (n = 300) aged 13-17 from two different schools in Ponferrada (León, Spain). The analysis of correlation and differences between the groups indicate that confinement has had effects on the mental health of the adolescents, specifically on the emotional manifestations of stress. Furthermore, significant gender differences were found for stress values and Emotional Intelligence. However, no differences have been found for cannabis use intention.S

Emotional Intelligence, Sense of Coherence, Engagement and Coping: A Cross-Sectional Study of University Students’ Health

11 páginasIt is important to consider university settings as sustainable environments that promote student well-being. Our aim in this study was to determine how the variables of engagement, emotional intelligence, sense of coherence, and coping influence the health of students at a Spanish university. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The instruments of measures administered were: The General Health Questionnaire, Trait Meta-Mood Scale, UterchWork Engagement Scale, sense of coherence and brief coping scale to 463 students. The results showed that better-perceived health was associated with higher scores for dedication, vigor, clarity, repair, sense of coherence, active coping, positive reframing, and humor. Conversely, poorer perceived health was associated with higher scores for attention, instrumental support, self-distraction, venting, religion, denial, self-blaming, emotional support, and behavioral disengagement. In addition, the variables analyzed presented di erences by sex. Our proposed predictive model of health and the associations between variables indicate the need to cultivate emotional skills, such as mood repair, a sense of coherence, and coping strategies, in order to promote student health. Facilitating students’ acquisition of knowledge and resources by analyzing these and other variables can contribute to individual well-being and help university students to cope with present and future academic challenges.S