DISEÑO Y VALIDACIÓN DE UN INSTRUMENTO SOBRE EVALUACIÓN DE LA GEOGRAFÍA Y LA HISTORIA EN EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA

El presente artículo es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación denominado «Criterios, procedimientos e instrumentos de evaluación de los contenidos de Geografía e Historia en el segundo ciclo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria». En el proyecto participan profesores universitarios junto con un grupo de docentes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de diferentes institutos. Uno de los objetivos de la investigación es conocer las concepciones que del proceso de evaluación tienen los profesores de Geografía e Historia de segundo ciclo de ESO en varios centros de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia. Para ello se puso en marcha un complejo proceso de elaboración de un cuestionario en el que se recogía las opiniones de los docentes sobre evaluación. El resultado final ha sido un instrumento que nos va a permitir obtener la información deseada y conocer aquello que verdaderamente queremos conocer. Saber qué, cómo y cuándo evalúa el profesorado para de esta manera acercarnos a la realidad de las aulas y proponer mejoras en el proceso de evaluación escolarThe present article is the result of a research project called «Criteria, procedures and instruments of evaluation of the contents of Geography and History in the second cycle of Compulsory Secondary Education». The project involves teachers of the University with a group of Secondary school teachers of different institutes. One of the objectives of the investigation is to know the conceptions that teachers of Geography and History of Second cycle of ESO in several high schools have about the evaluation process. For this aim, a complex process of development of a questionnaire was implemented in order to collect the opinions of teachers on evaluation. The final result has been an instrument that will allow us to gather the desired information and know what we really want to know: what is assessed and how and when the assessment is carried out, in order to approach the reality of the classrooms and propose improvements in the process of school evaluation

Cómo evalúa el profesorado de Geografía e Historia de Enseñanza Secundaria

The purpose of this article is to analyse the assessment procedures and instruments used by teachers of Geography and History of Compulsory Secondary School (ESO) in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The data have been extracted implementing a survey technique proceeded by a descriptive analysis. The results show that teachers generally have a traditional conception of assessment, reflected in the fact that they think that assessment should not change when teaching strategies are changed or when they innovate. On the other hand, although they consider that is necessary to employ a variety of instruments to assess well and to prevent school failure, they still use exams as the most objective and essential instrument in the assessment, while they don’t apply continuous assessment, only tests in a continuous way. The implementation of similar research in other areas or in other subjects shows the existence of contrasts in teacher assessment practices.La finalidad de este artículo es analizar los procedimientos e instrumentos de evaluación que emplea el profesorado de Geografía e Historia de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de la Región de Murcia. Los datos han sido extraídos mediante técnica de encuesta, tras un análisis descriptivo. Los resultados indican que en los docentes, en general, predomina una concepción tradicional de la evaluación, traducida en el hecho de que estos piensan que no deben cambiar su evaluación al cambiar su práctica docente o al innovar. Por otro lado, aunque consideran que es necesario emplear gran variedad de instrumentos para evaluar bien y para evitar el fracaso escolar, siguen empleando mayoritariamente el examen como el instrumento más objetivo e imprescindible en la evaluación, tanto que no llega a practicarse la evaluación continua, sino continuos exámenes. La puesta en marcha de investigaciones similares en otros territorios o en otras materias del currículo mostraría la existencia o no de contrastes en las prácticas de evaluación del profesorado

Quantification of Boron Compound Concentration for BNCT Using Positron Emission Tomography

Boron neutron capture therapy requires a 2 mM 10B concentration in the tumor. The well-known BNCT patient treatment method using boronophenylalanine (BPA) as a boron-carrying agent utilizes [18F]fluoroBPA ([18F]FBPA) as an agent to qualify for treatment. Precisely, [ 18F]FBPA must have at least a 3:1 tumor to background tissue ratio to qualify the patient for BNCT treatment. Normal, hyperplasia, and cancer thyroids capture iodine and several other large ions, including BF4 −, through a sodium-iodine symporter (NIS) expressed on the cell surface in normal conditions. In cancer, NIS is also expressed within the thyroid cell and is not functional. Methods: To visualize the thyroids and NIS, we have used a [18F]NaBF4 positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. It was injected into the tail veins of rats. The [18F]NaBF4 PET tracer was produced from NaBF4 by the isotopic exchange of natural 19F with radioactive 18F. Rats were subject to hyperplasia and tumor-inducing treatment. The NIS in thyroids was visualized by immunofluorescence staining. The boron concentration was calculated from Standard Uptake Values (SUV) in the PET/CT images and from the production data. Results: 41 MBq, 0.64 pmol of [18F]NaBF4 PET tracer that contained 0.351 mM, 53 nmol of NaBF4 was injected into the tail vein. After 17 min, the peak activity in the thyroid reached 2.3 MBq/mL (9 SUVmax). The natB concentration in the thyroid with hyperplasia reached 381 nM. Conclusions: Such an incorporation would require an additional 110 mg/kg dose of [ 10B]NaBF4 to reach the necessary 2 mM 10B concentration in the tumor. For future BNCT treatments of thyroid cancer, contrary to the 131I used now, there is no post-treatment radioactive decay, the patient can be immediately discharged from hospital, and there is no six-month moratorium for pregnancy. This method can be used for BNCT treatment compounds of the type R-BFn, where 1 <= n <= 3, labeled with 18F relatively easily, as in our example. A patient may undergo injection of a mixture of nonradioactive R-BFn to reach the necessary 10B concentration for BNCT treatment in the tumor together, with [18F]R-BFn for boron mapping.Spanish RTI2018-098117-B-C21 projec

Sesgos en el software de procesamiento del lenguaje natural de la aplicación Siri en distintas variedades del español de España

La presencia de los asistentes de voz virtuales en nuestro día a día es cada vez mayor. Es una realidad innegable que su uso se ha incrementado tanto en jóvenes como en adultos y personas mayores. Ahora es momento de plantearse cómo influyen las distintas variaciones (diatópica y diastrática) y cómo puede variar la efectividad en función de la variedad del español que transcriba. Los resultados demuestran que el grado de precisión es mayor en todas las variedades del castellano que en el andaluz y canario.The presence of virtual voice assistants in everyday life is becoming more and more common. It is undeniable that their use has increased among young people, adults and the elderly. It is now time to consider the influence of the different variations (diatopic and diastratic) and how effectiveness may vary depending on the variety of Spanish being transcribed. The results show that Siri is more accurate with all different varieties of Castilian than with Andalusian and Canarian Spanish.Universidad de Granada. Grado en Traducción e Interpretació

Towards the semantic enrichment of Computer Interpretable Guidelines: a method for the identification of relevant ontological terms

Ponència presentada a 2018 The American Medical Informatics Association Annual Symposium (AMIA 2018) celebrat a San Francisco, Estats Units de l'Amèrica del Nord, el 3 de novembre de 2018Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) contain recommendations intended to optimize patient care, produced based on a systematic review of evidence. In turn, Computer-Interpretable Guidelines (CIGs) are formalized versions of CPGs for use as decision-support systems. We consider the enrichment of the CIG by means of an OWL ontology that describes the clinical domain of the CIG, which could be exploited e.g. for the interoperability with the Electronic Health Record (EHR). As a first step, in this paper we describe a method to support the development of such an ontology starting from a CIG. The method uses an alignment algorithm for the automated identification of ontological terms relevant to the clinical domain of the CIG, as well as a web platform to manually review the alignments and select the appropriate ones. Finally, we present the results of the application of the method to a small corpus of CIGs

Fusion of 8He with 206Pb around Coulomb barrier energies

5th International Conference FUSION11The experimental study of the fusion of light neutron-rich nucleus 8He with 206Pb is reported in this work. A fusion stack of 206Pb targets has been used for this study. The most prominent evaporation residue (210Po), which has half-life of 138 days and decays by alpha emission, is populated in the reaction. Radiochemical analysis technique is used to extract the yield of this evaporation residueMinisterio Español de Ciencia e Innovación FPA2007-6307

Micromegas at low pressure for beam tracking

New facilities like FAIR at GSI or SPIRAL2 at GANIL, will provide radioactive ion beams at low energies (less than 10 MeV/n). Such beams have generally a large emittance, which requires the use of beam tracking detectors to reconstruct the exact trajectories of the nuclei. To avoid the angular and energy straggling that classical beam tracking detectors would generate in the beam due to their thickness, we propose the use of SED (Secondary Electron Detectors). It consists of a low pressure gaseous detector placed outside the beam coupled to an emissive foil in the beam. Since 2008, different low pressure gaseous detectors (wire chambers and micromegas) have been constructed and tested. The performances achievable at low pressure are similar to or even better than the ones at atmospheric pressure. The fast charge collection leads to excellent timing properties as well as high counting rate capabilities. Several micromegas at low pressure were tested in the laboratory demonstrating a good time resolution, 13030 ps, which is compatible with the results obtained with wire chambers.Gobierno de España FPA2009-0884

A nationwide study of chronic pain prevalence in the general Spanish population, identifying clinical subgroups through cluster analysis.

Objective. This study aims to assess the prevalence of chronic pain, its characteristics, and its impact on the general Spanish population. Also, to establish chronic pain patient subgroups according to the characteristics of pain and to identify variables specifically associated with each subgroup. Design. Telephone-based, cross-sectional nationwide study. Subjects. A sample of 1,957 individuals representative of the Spanish population. Methods. Data were collected through telephone interviews. A subject was considered to have chronic pain if they had suffered pain (at least 4 days a week) during the last 3 months. The subjects were divided into two subgroups through a cluster analysis, and a regression model was established to determine the variables most specifically associated with these subgroups. Results. The prevalence of chronic pain was 16.6% (95% confidence interval: 14.9–18.3) and among these subjects, more than 50% referred to limitations in their daily activities, 30% felt sad and/or anxious, and 47.2% indicated that their pain was affecting their family life. Two subgroups of subjects with pain were identified: 1) characterized by generalized pain in more than one location and of a long evolution (150 months); and 2) characterized by pain localized to only one site with a shorter duration (100 months). Individuals who felt anxious because of their pain and those who considered that their pain was affecting their family were more likely to belong to group 1. Conclusions. Pain affects an important proportion of the Spanish adult population and that it has a strong personal impact. Two pain groups were clearly distinguished by their clinical characteristics

Characterization and Validation of a‑Si Magnetron-Sputtered Thin Films as Solid He Targets with High Stability for Nuclear Reactions

In this work, we present our magnetron sputtering based methodology to produce amorphous silicon coatings with closed porosity, as a strategy to fabricate solid helium targets, in the form of supported or self-supported thin films, for nuclear reactions. We show how by changing the He working pressure it is possible to obtain highly porous homogeneous structures incorporating different He amounts. These porous coatings (a- Si:He) are very reproducible from run to run, and the high He amount incorporated makes them excellent candidates for solid He targets. The possibility of producing self-supported films is illustrated here, and its potential use in inverse kinematics experiments with radioactive beams is shown through the dispersion in forward geometry of a stable 6Li beam. Also the elastic scattering cross-sections for proton from helium were determined using an a-Si:He coating. The results agree well with the ones reported in the literature. These two examples validate our coatings as good candidates to be used as solid He targets in nuclear reactions. The stability of He inside the coatings, fundamental for its use as solid He targets, was investigated, both over time and after irradiation. The coatings proved to be very stable, and the amount of He inside the pores remains unaltered at least 2 years after deposition and after high irradiation fluence (5 × 1017 particles/cm2; with a dose rate of 5 × 1012 particles/(cm2 s)).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FPA2013-47327-C2-1-R, MAT2015-69035- REDCConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas 201460E018European Union CT-REGPOT-2011-28589

Effect of vertical profile of aerosols on the local shortwave radiative forcing estimation

In this work, the effect of the aerosol vertical distribution on the local shortwave aerosol radiative forcing is studied. We computed the radiative forcing at the top and bottom of the atmosphere between 0.2 and 4 microns using the libRadTran package and compared the results with those provided by AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork). Lidar measurements were employed to characterize the aerosol vertical profile, and collocated AERONET measurements provided aerosol optical parameters required to calculate its radiative forcing. A good correlation between the calculated radiative forcings and those provide by AERONET, with differences smaller than 1 W m-2 (15% of estimated radiative forcing), is obtained when a gaussian vertical aerosol profile is assumed. Notwithstanding, when a measured aerosol profile is inserted into the model, differences between radiative forcings can vary up to 6.54Wm-2 (15%), with a mean of differences =-0.74±3.06W m-2 at BOA and -3.69Wm-2 (13%), with a mean of differences = -0.27±1.32Wm-2 at TOA due to multiple aerosol layers and aerosol types. These results indicate that accurate information about aerosol vertical distribution must be incorporated in the radiative forcing calculation in order to reduce its uncertainties.This research was funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through project ACTRIS-2 (grant 654109), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (CRISOL, CGL2017-85344-R and ACTRIS-ESPAÑA, CGL2017-90884-REDT) and Madrid Regional Government (TIGAS-CM, Y2018/EMT-5177)