Evaluación de la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica de queso fresco en las cuencas lecheras de la Región Amazonas, Perú

Con la finalidad de evaluar las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del queso fresco elaborado en las localidades de Leymebamba, Molinopampa y Pomacochas, se recolectaron 16 muestras de 200 g en diferentes centros de expendio. La acidez osciló entre 0,09 y 1,49% y pH entre 5,35 y 6,52. Según Norma Técnica peruana NTP.202.195 y NTP.202.193, el contenido de Grasa en Extracto Seco (GES) y proteína, cumple con los parámetros, mientras que solo el 69% cumplieron con los parámetros de humedad. En Leymebamba y Pomacochas solo el 20 y 86%, respectivamente, cumplieron con la humedad correspondiente a quesos blandos; y en Molinopampa todas las muestras cumplen con la humedad de quesos blandos. Se encontró presencia de enterobacterias y ausencia de Salmonella sp y Shiguella sp. El 81,25% presentaron un recuento de mesófilos aerobios mayor a 105 UFC/g, para coliformes totales entre 335 y 1100 NMP/g, coliformes fecales entre 11 y 1100 NMP/g, para Staphylococcus aureus, el 50% de las muestras presentaron un recuento superior a 105 UFC/g, lo que evidencia que la calidad higiénico sanitario de los quesos fresco es deficiente y no cumplen con los criterios establecido por NTP.202.195 (2010) y NTS N°071-MINSA/DIGESA-V.01

Evaluación de la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica de queso fresco en las cuencas lecheras de la Región Amazonas, Perú

With the purpose of evaluating the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the fresh cheese elaborated in the towns of Leymebamba, Molinopampa and Pomacochas, 16 samples of 200 g were collected in different dispensing centers. The acidity ranged between 0.09 and 1.49% and pH between 5.35 and 6.52. According to Peruvian Technical Standard NTP.202.195 and NTP.202.193, the content of Fat in Dry Extract (FDE) and protein complies with the parameters, while only 69% met the humidity parameters. In Leymebamba and Pomacochas only 20 and 86%, respectively, complied with the humidity corresponding to soft cheeses; and in Molinopampa all the samples comply with the humidity of soft cheeses. Enterobacteria were found and absence of Salmonella sp. and Shiguella sp. The 81.25% presented a count of aerobic mesophiles greater than 105 CFU/g, for total coliforms between 335 and 1100 NMP/g, Fecal coliforms between 11 and 1100 NMP/g, for Staphylococcus aureus, 50% of the samples presented a count higher than 105 CFU/g; this shows that the sanitary hygiene quality of fresh cheeses is deficient and does not meet the criteria established by NTP.202.195 and NTS N° 071-MINSA/DIGESA-V.01.Con la finalidad de evaluar las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del queso fresco elaborado en las localidades de Leymebamba, Molinopampa y Pomacochas, se recolectaron 16 muestras de 200 g en diferentes centros de expendio. La acidez osciló entre 0,09 y 1,49% y pH entre 5,35 y 6,52. Según Norma Técnica peruana NTP.202.195 y NTP.202.193, el contenido de Grasa en Extracto Seco (GES) y proteína, cumple con los parámetros, mientras que solo el 69% cumplieron con los parámetros de humedad. En Leymebamba y Pomacochas solo el 20 y 86%, respectivamente, cumplieron con la humedad correspondiente a quesos blandos; y en Molinopampa todas las muestras cumplen con la humedad de quesos blandos. Se encontró presencia de enterobacterias y ausencia de Salmonella sp y Shiguella sp. El 81,25% presentaron un recuento de mesófilos aerobios mayor a 105 UFC/g, para coliformes totales entre 335 y 1100 NMP/g, coliformes fecales entre 11 y 1100 NMP/g, para Staphylococcus aureus, el 50% de las muestras presentaron un recuento superior a 105 UFC/g, lo que evidencia que la calidad higiénico sanitario de los quesos fresco es deficiente y no cumplen con los criterios establecido por NTP.202.195 (2010) y NTS N°071-MINSA/DIGESA-V.01

Aceites esenciales de plantas nativas del Perú: Efecto del lugar de cultivo en las características fisicoquímicas y actividad antioxidante

Los aceites esenciales (AE) son usados como conservantes en la industria de alimentos, debido a sus características fisicoquímicas y actividad antioxidante. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar rendimiento (R), gravedad específica (GE), índice de refracción (IR), actividad antioxidante (AA) y composición química de AE de huacatay (Tagetes minuta), poleo (Minthostachys mollis), romero (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) y sachaculantro (Eryngium foetidum L.), plantas recolectadas de 52 distritos de la región Amazonas, Perú. Para cada AE se usó análisis de varianza de efectos fijos con tres repeticiones y análisis de clúster. La actividad antioxidante se determinó con el método del radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH) y sus componentes más abundantes fueron identificados con cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Las diferencias en R, GE e IR fueron significativas entre distritos. La AA no mostró diferencia significativa entre los distritos, pero entre las plantas sí. Entre los componentes volátiles más abundantes se identificó 1–adamantanol (44,42%) en huacatay, β–felandreno (20,85%) en poleo, β–mirceno (34,59%) en romero y α–pineno (23,41%) en sachaculantro. Se concluye que el lugar geográfico afecta significativamente las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los AE

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Timing of nasogastric tube insertion and the risk of postoperative pneumonia: an international, prospective cohort study

Aim: Aspiration is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with postoperative ileus. Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is often performed, but this can be distressing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of NGT insertion after surgery (before versus after vomiting) was associated with reduced rates of pneumonia in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Method: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between January 2018 and April 2018 were eligible. Those receiving a NGT were divided into three groups, based on the timing of the insertion: routine NGT (inserted at the time of surgery), prophylactic NGT (inserted after surgery but before vomiting) and reactive NGT (inserted after surgery and after vomiting). The primary outcome was the development of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery, which was compared between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups using multivariable regression analysis. Results: A total of 4715 patients were included in the analysis and 1536 (32.6%) received a NGT. These were classified as routine in 926 (60.3%), reactive in 461 (30.0%) and prophylactic in 149 (9.7%). Two hundred patients (4.2%) developed pneumonia (no NGT 2.7%; routine NGT 5.2%; reactive NGT 10.6%; prophylactic NGT 11.4%). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant difference in pneumonia rates was detected between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.56–1.87, P = 0.932). Conclusion: In patients who required the insertion of a NGT after surgery, prophylactic insertion was not associated with fewer cases of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery compared with reactive insertion