Educación de personas adultas y mayores: envejecimiento, aprendizaje y bienestar psicológico

En 1970 Simone de Beauvoir escribió “La vejez”, un libro en el que describe el desarrollo humano como un proceso de continuos cambios y transformaciones, un sistema de pérdidas y ganancias en el que a medida que avanza nuestro tiempo cronológico pueden predominar las pérdidas, pero también puede haber ganancias. Esta idea coincide con los postulados de la teoría del ciclo vital, de la que hablaremos más adelante. Cuando Simone de Beauvoir escribió el libro tenía 72 años y aunque no sea su obra más relevante es innegable que su reflexión sobre la vejez, teniendo en cuenta el marco y el momento en el que lo escribió, continua siendo relevante y goza de plena vigencia. A lo largo de este trabajo analizamos distintos aspectos de este fenómeno, cuya relevancia y trascendencia aún se escapa para la gran mayoría de la población, pero no así sus efectos, puesto que, de una u otra manera, ya muchas personas, familias y sociedades se encuentran afectadas por el rápido avance del envejecimiento y sus consecuencias

The process of adaptation to higher education studies and its relation to academic dropout

The academic dropout of higher education students represents one of the most significant challenges that university institutions have to face today. This research analysed the university academic trajectory of students who dropped out of university for good. The aim of this paper is to examine in depth the factors that influence the idea of the construction of academic dropout and its relationship with the difficulties of adaptation to the university training system. A qualitative study was carried out in which the interview technique was applied to n = 34 dropout students belonging to three Spanish autonomous communities. The results made it possible to identify and examine students' difficulties in adapting to university studies in greater depth. The interviews revealed contextual and emotional details that contributed to dropout, such as personal and professional challenges and a lack of emotional support. The findings lead to the need to approach the issue from a holistic viewpoint in order to address the different reasons behind university dropouts. This broad view of the academic trajectories of university students who drop out is a benchmark for strategies to improve student retention and success in higher education.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Gobierno de EspañaDepartamento de Pedagogí

Recursos Educativos en Abierto (REA) en Educación Infantil: características tecnológicas, didácticas y socio-comunicativas

This article presents an analysis of digital teaching materials inserted in the platform of the National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teacher Training (INTEF) aimed especially at the infant stage. This qualitative typology study is part of the research project called “Digital teaching materials in Early Childhood Education. Analysis and proposals for its use at school and at home ”(RTI2018-093397-B-100) funded by the State Research Agency of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. The selected sample will comprise the Open Source Educational Resources (OER) available on this platform, choosing a representative sample based on the areas of knowledge in Early Childhood Education. These digital didactic materials are analyzed based on a categorical analysis of their underlying methodological trend, the typology and technical and design characteristics of the materials, as well as the socio-community characteristics inherent in the designed learning resources, among other dimensions and categories. Among the results, the diversity of digital didactic materials according to the area of ​​knowledge stands out, and the lack of depth in the evaluative development of the proposed didactic proposal or in the own evaluation of these materials.En este artículo se presenta un análisis de materiales didácticos digitales insertos en la plataforma del Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y de Formación del Profesorado (INTEF) dirigidos especialmente a la etapa infantil. Este estudio de tipología cualitativa se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación denominado “Los materiales didácticos digitales en la Educación Infantil. Análisis y propuestas para su uso en la escuela y el hogar” (RTI2018-093397-B-100) financiado por la Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. La muestra seleccionada comprenderá los Recursos Educativos en código abierto (REA) disponibles en esta plataforma, escogiendo una muestra representativa en función de las áreas de conocimiento en la Educación Infantil. Estos materiales didácticos digitales se analizan a partir de un análisis categórico de su tendencia metodológica subyacente, de la tipología y características técnicas y de diseño de los materiales, así como de las características sociocomunitativas inherentes en los recursos de aprendizaje diseñados, entre otras dimensiones y categorías. Entre los resultados se destaca la diversidad de materiales didácticos digitales en función del área de conocimiento, y la falta de profundización en el desarrollo evaluativo de la propuesta didáctica planteada o en la evaluación propia de estos materiales

An imported case of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2, Spain in the context of the ongoing polio Public Health Emergency of International Concern, September 2021

The monthly retrospective search for unreported acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases conducted as a complementary component of the Spanish AFP surveillance system identified a case of AFP in a child admitted in Spain from Senegal during August 2021. Vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 was identified in the stool in September 2021. We present public health implications and response undertaken within the framework of the National Action Plan for Polio Eradication and the Public Health Emergency of International Concern.S

Long-term anticoagulation in secondary ischemic stroke prevention: The prospective multicenter RESTAIC registry

Background and Objective: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) for secondary stroke prevention is recommended in atrial fibrillation (AF) and other sources of cardioembolic stroke. Our objectives were to explore the differences in ischemic and hemorrhagic events when using OAC for secondary stroke prevention according to the type of anticoagulant treatment and to analyze the number and reasons for OAC switches during long-term follow-up. Methods: Ischemic stroke (IS) patients who were discharged on OAC for secondary stroke prevention from January 2014 to October 2017 were recruited in a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based registry. Follow-up at 3 months was scheduled at the outpatient clinic with subsequent annual phone interviews for 3 years. Patients were classified into three study groups according to OAC at discharge: Vitamin K antagonist (VKA), Factor Xa inhibitor (FXa), or direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI). We compared stroke recurrences, intracranial hemorrhage, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality during the follow-up. We recorded any switches in OAC and the main reasons for the change. Results: A total of 241 patients were included. An anticoagulant was indicated in the presence of a source of cardioembolic stroke in 240 patients (99.6%) and lupus plus antiphospholipid syndrome in one patient. Up to 86 patients (35.6%) were on OAC before the index stroke; in 71 (82.5%) of them, this was VKA. At hospital discharge, 105 were treated with FXa (43.8%), 96 with VKA (39.6%), and 40 with DTI (16.6%). The cumulative incidences at 3 years were 17% for stroke recurrence, 1.6% for intracranial hemorrhage, 4.9% for major hemorrhage, and 22.8% for all-cause mortality, with no differences among the OAC groups in any outcomes. During the follow-up, 40 OAC switches were recorded (63% of them to FXa), mostly due to stroke recurrence. Conclusion: Long-term OAC in secondary stroke prevention is associated with a lower frequency of bleeding complications than stroke recurrences. No differences between anticoagulant drugs were found in any of the analyzed outcomes. The main cause for OAC switch during follow-up was stroke recurrence.This study was supported by grants from the Foundation for Biomedical Research of La Paz University Hospital (PI 1131

Pobreza en la ocupación e instrumentos de reacción

Unión Europea,Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional DER2015-63701-C3-1-

Population-based colorectal cancer screening programmes using a faecal immunochemical test:Should faecal haemoglobin cut-offs differ by age and sex?

Abstract Background The Basque Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme has both high participation rate and high compliance rate of colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test (FIT). Although, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with biannual (FIT) has shown to reduce CRC mortality, the ultimate effectiveness of the screening programmes depends on the accuracy of FIT and post-FIT colonoscopy, and thus, harms related to false results might not be underestimated. Current CRC screening programmes use a single faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) cut-off for colonoscopy referral for both sexes and all ages. We aimed to determine optimum f-Hb cut-offs by sex and age without compromising neoplasia detection and interval cancer proportion. Methods Prospective cohort study using a single-sample faecal immunochemical test (FIT) on 444,582 invited average-risk subjects aged 50–69 years. A result was considered positive at ≥20 μg Hb/g faeces. Outcome measures were analysed by sex and age for a wide range of f-Hb cut-offs. Results We analysed 17,387 positive participants in the programme who underwent colonoscopy. Participation rate was 66.5%. Men had a positivity rate for f-Hb of 8.3% and women 4.8% (p < 0.0001). The detection rate for advanced neoplasia (cancer plus advanced adenoma) was 44.0‰ for men and 15.9‰ for women (p < 0.0001). The number of colonoscopies required decreased in both sexes and all age groups through increasing the f-Hb cut-off. However, the loss in CRC detection increased by up to 28.1% in men and 22.9% in women. CRC missed were generally at early stages (Stage I-II: from 70.2% in men to 66.3% in women). Conclusions This study provides detailed outcomes in men and women of different ages at a range of f-Hb cut-offs. We found differences in positivity rates, neoplasia detection rate, number needed to screen, and interval cancers in men and women and in younger and older groups. However, there are factors other than sex and age to consider when consideration is given to setting the f-Hb cut-off

Búsqueda de empleo activo y mejora de la empleabilidad en el Grado en Educación Social

El desarrollo de este trabajo tiene como objetivo mejorar la tasa de empleabilidad de los egresados en el Grado en Educación Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, así como la búsqueda de empleo activo, al proporcionar diferentes recursos y estrategias y crear redes y espacios de diálogo con las asociaciones profesionales del sector. Parte de la necesidad del fomento de la inserción laboral y el emprendimiento entre los estudiantes, el desarrollo de la orientación laboral como una herramienta básica para el estudio y el análisis del fortalecimiento del empleo para educadores sociales y la búsqueda activa del mismo. Igualmente, se apoya en postulados y paradigmas como el de educación para el bien común y sostenible, en un marco de educación permanente, humanista y con vocación para la transformación social

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-care and health condition of the older adults. CUIDAMOS+75. A mixed methods study protocol

AimsTo assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health condition of people ≥75 years of age and on their family caregivers in Spain.DesignMulticentric, mixed method concurrent study.MethodsThis work, which will be conducted within the primary care setting in 11 administrative regions of Spain, will include three coordinated studies with different methodologies. The first is a population-based cohort study that will use real-life data to analyze the rates and evolution of health needs, care provision, and services utilization before, during, and after the pandemic. The second is a prospective cohort study with 18 months of follow-up that will evaluate the impact of COVID-19 disease on mortality, frailty, functional and cognitive capacity, and quality of life of the participants. Finally, the third will be a qualitative study with a critical social approach to understand and interpret the social, political, and economic dimensions associated with the use of health services during the pandemic. We have followed the SPIRIT Checklist to address trial protocol and related documents. This research is being funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III since 2021 and was approved by its ethics committee (June 2022).DiscussionThe study findings will reveal the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the older adults and their caregivers. This information will serve policymakers to adapt health policies to the needs of this population in situations of maximum stress, such as that produced by the COVID-19 pandemic.Trial RegistrationIdentifier: NCT05249868 [ClinicalTrials.gov]