Proceso para la producción en continuo de lovastatina

Número de publicación: ES2319029 A1 (01.05.2009) También publicado como: ES2319029 B1 (10.02.2010) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.)P200700519 (09.02.2007)La presente invención consiste en la producción de lovastatina, a partir de cultivos de Aspergillus terreus en forma de pellets, mediante un proceso de fermentación en continuo en un biorreactor de tipo columna de burbujeo operando de forma análoga a un biorreactor de lecho fluidizado (BLF) con un cultivo en tres fases, gas, líquido y sólido. La producción de lovastatina está regulada mediante un mecanismo de inhibición por producto, dando lugar al cese de la síntesis cuando la concentración alcanza un determinado valor. El proceso permite la obtención en continuo de un caldo de fermentación libre de biomasa conteniendo éste la lovastatina, lo cual facilita las posteriores etapas de extracción y purificación. La operación en continuo da lugar a que parte de la lovastatina generada abandone el biorreactor de lecho fluidizado, disminuyendo de esta forma los efectos de la inhibición por producto.Universidad de Almerí

El proceso constructivo del colegio de San Pablo en Granada. Análisis y divulgación mediante modelado 3D

[EN] The aim of this article is to facilitate the understanding of the historical phases of the complex construction process at the College of San Pablo, initiated in 1556 and in progress to this day, through three-dimensional virtual reconstructions, obtained from two-dimensional graphichypotheses as well as from the laser scanner survey of the part corresponding to the old Jesuit schools, in order to preserve its original architectural configuration almost intact.It is a building of great relevance for the city of Granada, being known as Jesuit College, University, and Law School, which throughout its history has undergone different transformations. The methodology used to obtain the main phases of the historical-construction process has been based on the collection and analysis of primary and secondary sources. The realization of virtual reconstructions, using 3D modelling and subsequent rendering has proven to be an efficient instrument of conceptual recreation of the spaces and shapes of the architectural complex, due to its great utility in future interventions in the building in addition to its ability to disseminate among the scientific community.[ES] El objetivo de este artículo es facilitar la comprensión de las fases históricas del complejo proceso constructivo del colegio de San Pablo, iniciado en 1556 hasta la actualidad, mediante reconstrucciones virtuales tridimensionales, obtenidas a partir de hipótesis gráficas bidimensionales y del levantamiento con escáner láser de la parte correspondiente a las antiguas escuelas jesuitas, por conservar casi intacta su configuración arquitectónica original.Se trata de un edificio de gran relevancia para la ciudad de Granada –colegio jesuita, universidad, facultad de Derecho–, que a lo largo de su historia ha sufrido diferentes transformaciones. La metodología utilizada para la obtención de las principales fases del proceso histórico-constructivo se ha basado en la recopilación y análisis de las fuentes primarias y secundarias, mientras que la realización de las reconstrucciones virtuales, mediante modelado 3D y su posterior renderización, ha resultado un eficaz instrumento de recreación conceptual de los espacios y formas del conjunto arquitectónico, por su gran utilidad en futuras intervenciones en el edificio y por su capacidad de divulgación a la comunidad científica. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica y en la Ingeniería. Universidad de GranadaVílchez Lara, MDC.; Gómez-Blanco Pontes, AJ.; Fernández Casas, JM. (2021). Construction process of the College of San Pablo in Granada. Analysis and dissemination through 3D modelling. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 26(42):102-113. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2021.12313OJS102113264

Rapid detection and identification of strains carrying carbapenemases directly from positive blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS

MALDI-TOF MS has been evaluated to detect carbapenemases activity and pathogen identification directly from positive blood cultures. 21 non-carbapenemase producers and 19 carbapenemase producers Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were included in the study. This technique is simple and detects carbapenemases in 4.5h with high sensitivity and specificity

Results of Exploratory Deep-sea Fishing Survey in the Galician Bank: Biological Aspects on Some of Seamount-associated Fish (ICES Division IXb)

Since October 1998 to October 1999 an experimental survey, comprising 12 monthly fishing trips were carried out in Galician Bank (ICES Divisions IXb) by two commercial trawlers of the Spanish fleet. The aims of this survey were to explore the fishing resources of studied area and to know the species community associated to this seamount. A total of 297 valid hauls were made during 309 hours of fishing and yielded a total catch of 45 145 kg in the depth strata studied (650-1200 m). The community of species in the area prospected presented high species richness. A total of 106 species were made up of 70 teleosts, 11 sharks, 3 rays, 2 chimaeras, 11 crustacea, 6 molluscs and 3 equinoderms The most important species captured were teleosts: H. mediterraneus, M.moro, L. eques, A. bairdii, E. telescopus, T. cristulata and L. piscatorius, followed for deep sharks: D. licha, D. calceus and crustacean: Ch affinis. The yields obtained for the whole series of fishing trips were low being the values obtained by order of importance: 30.3, 14.0, 13.1, 11.7, 4.8, 4.2, 2.5 kg/h and 1 kg/h for the teleosts; 2.0, 1.7, kg/h for sharks and 1.2 kg/h for crustacean. The results indicate, in general, there were no differences in depth distribution of the species characterised by the presence or absence of certain species and also, a seasonal variation in the abundance of the most important caught

Potential Use of Annona Genus Plants Leaf Extracts to Produce Bioactive Transdermal Patches by Supercritical Solvent Impregnation

The objective of the present work was to develop a bioactive transdermal patch functionalized with Annona leaf extracts (ALE) by means of supercritical impregnation technique. The potential of six different Annona leaf extracts (ALE) obtained with the enhanced solvent system formed by carbon dioxide + ethanol/acetone was evaluated taking into account the antioxidant activity, total phenol composition and global extraction yields. For the impregnation of ALE, two drug supporting systems were tested: hydrocolloid sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and polyester dressings (PD). The effect of the impregnation conditions, including pressure (P), temperature (T), percent of co-solvent (ethanol) and ALE/polymer mass ratio, was determined with regard to the loading and the functional activity of the impregnated samples. The optimal impregnation conditions of ALE were established at 55 degrees C and 300 bar which led to obtained transdermal patches with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. In order to understand the behavior of the process, the homogeneity of the samples in the vessels was also evaluated. The best results were obtained at higher proportions of co-solvent in the system.The authors would like to thank the research group in "The Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM)" (CSIC, Malaga, Spain) for providing the raw material and for their support. This research was funded by Junta de Andalucia-FEDER funds 2014-2020, project P18-RT-3272, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, project CTQ2017-86661-R and the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)

Supercritical Impregnation of Olive Leaf Extract to Obtain Bioactive Films Effective in Cherry Tomato Preservation

The promising prospective in the use of natural extracts has encouraged researchers to study techniques for its incorporation into polymers. This study has focused on supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) of polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene (PET/PP) films with olive leaf extract (OLE). The % co-solvent and the ratio OLE/polymer (w/w) were evaluated for producing antioxidant (AO) films. Besides, the antimicrobial (AM) capacity of both OLE and impregnated films were studied against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enteritidis. The highest AO capacity and phenolic loading were found in films impregnated at 7% co-solvent and a ratio OLE/polymer of 1, where c.a. 5 mg AO/g and 60 μg total polyphenols/g films were obtained. The antimicrobial capacity of the impregnated films varied respecting that found in the extract, especially in the case of S. enteritidis and P. aeruginosa, The bioactivity of films was also demonstrated by extending cherry tomatoes’ shelf-life by 20 days

Characterization of Olive Leaf Extract Polyphenols Loaded by Supercritical Solvent Impregnation into PET/PP Food Packaging Films

An olive leaf extract (OLE) obtained by enhanced solvent extraction (ESE) with high antioxidant was used as the active substance in supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) of PET/PP films. The extract was characterised by UPLC-QTOF-MS and it was then compared with the profile of the impregnated polyphenols for different operational conditions, namely pressure (100, 200, 300 and 400 bar) and time (5 min and 1, 2, and 22 h), in order to evaluate the possible selective impregnation. Oleuropein and luteolin-7-glucoside were the main phenolic antioxidants in both the extracts and the impregnated matrices. 400 bar and 1 h were stablished as the best impregnation conditions due to the higher concentration and wider variety of OLE compounds observed in the matrix. After study the migration of compounds into food simulants, the effectiveness of the impregnated film against lipid oxidation was evaluated during the storage of sunflower seeds

Generation of quercetin/cellulose acetate phthalate systems for delivery by supercritical antisolvent process

El proceso supercrítico antisolvente (SAS) se ha utilizado para precipitar micropartículas de quercetina, un pigmento vegetal que se encuentra en muchos alimentos y se utiliza para tratamientos médicos, industrias farmacéuticas y cosméticas, junto con nanopartículas de ftalato de acetato de celulosa (CAP), un polímero utilizado con bastante frecuencia en la administración de medicamentos. Anteriormente, la precipitación de nanopartículas de CAP por el mismo proceso se estudió en diferentes condiciones de presión, temperatura, CO2 y flujos de solución, diámetro de la boquilla y concentración inicial de la solución. Las morfologías de los precipitados se analizaron mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM). Un rango entre 84 y 145 nm de diámetro en partículas esféricas fueron logros en la precipitación de CAP. En los experimentos de coprecipitación se obtuvo una misma gama de partículas semiesféricas de CAP alrededor de 145 nm de quercetina. La difracción de rayos X (XRD) y la espectroscopia infrarroja de transformada de Fourier (FTIR) se llevaron a cabo para averiguar la posible pérdida de cristalinidad de los coprecipitados y las posibles interacciones entre el polímero y la quercetina, respectivamente. Se realizaron perfiles de liberación de quercetina en fluidos gástricos e intestinales simulados. Se recomienda una mayor proporción de quercetina:polímero en los coprecipitados para lograr una liberación más rápida y solubilidades más altas de quercetina en el tiempo de ensayo. Este hecho permitiría su uso en aplicaciones farmacéuticas, cosméticas o nutracéuticasSupercritical antisolvent process (SAS) has been used to precipitate microparticles of quercetin, a plant pigment found in many foods and used for medical treatments, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, together with nanoparticles of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), a polymer quite frequently used in drug delivery. Previously, precipitation of nanoparticles of CAP by the same processwas studied at different conditions of pressure, temperature, CO2 and solution flow rates, nozzle diameter and initial concentration of the solution.Morphologies of the precipitates were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A range between 84 and 145 nm of diameter in spherical particle were achievement in CAP precipitation. A same range of semi-spherical particles of CAP around 145 nmand needle-like particle of quercetinwas obtained in the coprecipitation experiments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were carried out to find out the possible loss of crystallinity of the coprecipitates and the possible interactions between the polymer and quercetin, respectively. Release profiles of quercetin were carried out in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Higher quercetin:polymer ratios in the coprecipitates are recommended to achieve faster release and higher solubilities of quercetin in the assayed time. This fact would allow its use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic or nutraceutical applications

Supercritical Impregnation of PLA Filaments with Mango Leaf Extract to Manufacture Functionalized Biomedical Devices by 3D Printing

Polylactic Acid (PLA) filaments impregnated with ethanolic mango leaves extract (MLE) with pharmacological properties were obtained by supercritical impregnation. The effects of pressure, temperature and amount of extract on the response variables, i.e., swelling, extract loading and bioactivity of the PLA filaments, were determined. The analysis of the filaments biocapacities revealed that impregnated PLA filaments showed 11.07% antidenaturant capacity and 88.13% antioxidant activity, which after a 9-day incubation shifted to 30.10% and 9.90%, respectively. Subsequently, the same tests were conducted on printed samples. Before their incubation, the printed samples showed 79.09% antioxidant activity and no antidenaturant capacity was detected. However, after their incubation, the antioxidant activity went down to only 2.50%, while the antidenaturant capacity raised up to 23.50%. The persistence of the bioactive properties after printing opens the possibility of using the functionalized PLA filaments as the feed for a three-dimensional (3D) printer.This work is part of a project granted by the Junta de Andalucia (P18-RT-3272) through its financing by the FEDER funds 2014-2020

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of gold(I) sulfanylcarboxylates

Reaction of NaAuCl4·H2O and thiodiglycol (1:3 molar ratio) with 3-(aryl)-2-sulfanylpropenoic acids, H2 xspa = [x:p = 3-phenyl-, f = 3-(2-furyl)-, t = 3-(2-thienyl)-, o-py = 3-(2-pyridyl)-, Clp = 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-, -o-mp = 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, -p-mp = 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, -o-hp = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, -p-hp = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, diBr-o-hp = 3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)] and 2-cyclopentylidene-2-sulfanylacetic acid (H2cpa) in a 1:1 metal/ligand molar ratio gave compounds of the type [Au(Hxspa)] or [Au(Hcpa)]. These compounds were reacted with diisopropylamine to afford [HQ][Au(xspa)] or [HQ][Au(cpa)] (HQ = diisopropylammonium) and with NaOH to afford Na[Au(xspa)]·H2O and Na[Au(cpa)]·H2O. All of the new compounds were isolated and characterised by IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the complexes against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa were evaluated and compared to those of the equivalent silver(I) complexes. The comparison shows that the gold compounds generally show better activity than the silver analogues against S. aureus and B. subtilis, but low sensitivity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans, suggesting a different mode of antimicrobial action for equivalent silver and gold compoundsWe thank the Dirección Xeral de I+D, Xunta de Galicia, Spain, for the financial support (IN845B-2010/121)S