Space-time causality analysis of regional impacts of ENSO on terrestrial and oceanic precipitation

Future changes are expected in precipitation under climate change, therefore, changes are projected in the oceanic and terrestrial components. However, it remains poorly elucidated how the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can influence these changes. Therefore, we aimed to perform a space-time causality analysis of regional ENSO impacts on terrestrial and oceanic precipitation by using the Granger causality method as a function of eight temporal lags (lags 1–8). The monthly values of total precipitation obtained using the Lagrangian approach and their respective terrestrial (PLT) and oceanic (PLO) components were used. The analysis was performed for the two regions of western North America (WNA) and eastern South America (ESA) with strong ENSO signals. For the WNA region in winter, the maximum Granger causality was observed in the component of oceanic origin for temporal lags 1 and 2 (3 and 6 months), with a predominance of both positive and negative ENSO conditions. For the ESA region, it was verified that the causality of the ENSO index was maximum for PLT. Temporal lags 2–5 (6–15 months) stood out in winter when there was a marked region of the Granger causality over the La Plata Basin. In autumn, for lags 1–4 (3–12 months), the Granger causality values were predominant in the southern and western areas of ESA and showed a tendency to move northward with an increased temporal lag. Finally, it was shown that high correlation values did not imply the causality of the relationship between the ENSO index and precipitation in the two regions.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/44Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481A-2020/193Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. PID2021-122314OB-I0

Historia a debate. Actas del Congreso Internacional «a historia a debate» (3 vol.) Santiago 1995

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Editorial of the special issue “Anaerobic co-digestion of lignocellulosic wastes”

Editorial from the special issue Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Lignocellulosic Wast

Multi-stimuli-responsive chitosan-functionalized magnetite/poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles as theranostic platforms for combined tumor magnetic resonance imaging and chemotherapy

Chitosan-functionalized magnetite/poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles were formulated by interfacial polymer disposition plus coacervation, and loaded with gemcitabine. That (core/shell)/shell nanostructure was confirmed by electron microscopy, elemental analysis, electrophoretic, and Fourier transform infrared characterizations. A short-term stability study proved the protection against particle aggregation provided by the chitosan shell. Superparamagnetic properties of the nanoparticles were characterized in vitro, while the definition of the longitudinal and transverse relaxivities was an initial indication of their capacity as T2 contrast agents. Safety of the particles was demonstrated in vitro on HFF-1 human fibroblasts, and ex vivo on SCID mice. The nanoparticles demonstrated in vitro pH- and heat-responsive gemcitabine release capabilities. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging studies and Prussian blue visualization of iron deposits in tissue samples defined the improvement in nanoparticle targeting into the tumor when using a magnetic field. This tri-stimuli (magnetite/poly(ε-caprolactone))/chitosan nanostructure could find theranostic applications (biomedical imaging & chemotherapy) against tumors.FEDER/Junta de Andalucía – Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Spain (Grant P20_00346)Universidad de Granada / Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Andalucía (CBUA), Spai

Effect of passively aerated biological pretreatment on different biomasses with diverse lignocellulosic fiber profiles

Passively aerated biological pretreatment was applied to four different lignocellulosic biomasses with varying fiber content profiles: sugar beet pulp (SBP), brewery bagasse (BB), rice husk (RH), and orange peel (OP). In order to analyze the organic matter solubilization yield at 24 and 48 h, different percentages of activated sewage sludge (2.5–10%) were utilized as inoculum. The OP achieved the best organic matter solubilization yield in terms of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at 2.5% inoculation and 24 h: 58.6% and 20%, respectively, since some total reducing sugars (TRS) consumption was identified after 24 h. On the contrary, the worst organic matter solubilization yield was obtained with RH, the substrate with the highest lignin content among the tested, with percentages of 3.6% and 0.7% in terms of sCOD and DOC respectively. In fact, it could be considered that this pretreatment was not successful with RH. The optimum inoculation proportion was 7.5% (v/v) except for the OP (2.5% (v/v)). Finally, due to the counterproductive organic matter consumption at longer pretreatment durations, the optimal time for BB, SBP, and OP was 24 h

Evaluating the institutionalisation of diversity outreach in top universities worldwide

The participation of diverse demographics in higher education has risen over the last halfcentury; meanwhile, different political and social tiers have been assigning a more active role to institutions in terms of equality and social justice. This change in circumstances has led to the roll out of processes to institutionalise diversity outreach. This study was conducted for the clear purpose of assessing the current institutionalisation status of diversity outreach in 127 key universities from the Academic Ranking of World Universities based on the opinions of diversity outreach managers and the information published on institutional websites, in turn measuring compliance with various indicators. A qualitative analysis of the institutional statements, the goals sought through strategic plans and the definitions of diversity itself was also conducted. The evidence reveals the early stage of the institutionalisation process in universities on account of the low percentage obtained for the proposed indicators. Furthermore, the study failed to exhibit significant differences in this process in terms of the institutional ownership or position held in the ranking; however, more prominent progress was noted in the North-American region when geographical differences were taken into account, likely as a result of the historical background in the advocacy for equal opportunities. Lastly, a change of approach to the conceptualisation of diversity is suggested in favour of equality and social justice.This study was supported by the Spain’s Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, State Plan for R&D (Grant number EDU2017-82862-R)

Surface structure of cubic aluminum oxide

Molecular-dynamics simulations using a Pauling type pairwise potential have been carried out in order to study the structure of the surface of γ-Al2O3. Starting from an ideal (100) face, a reconstruction process occurs in which the unbalanced coordination of surface ions tends to fulfill their coordination capabilities. Oxygen ions come to the surface and pore formation with a concomitant increase of apparent volume takes place. The structure of the surface of the resulting material corresponds to a porous amorphouslike phase in which only short-range order is present. Analysis of the radial distribution function agrees with experimental x-ray-diffraction dataComisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología PB92-0665 y PB92-0662Junta de Andalucía AGCI-6006 y AGCI-103

Dr. D. Felipe Ruiz Martín, in Memoriam

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Tool wear and induced damage in CFRP drilling with step and double point angle drill bits

Drilling operations on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) have become crucial for the manufacturing process of multiple components on the aerospace industry. The main objective of this research is to develop a comparative analysis between a step geometry drill bit, currently used in the aerospace industry for drilling processes in CFRP with a hole diameter of 9.54 mm, and the double point angle geometry. The tool material is tungsten carbide with a diamond coating. The performance of each cutting geometry is assessed based on the type of tool wear, the evolution of the thrust force and cutting torque and the onset of machining induced damage on the test specimens. Although the main wear mechanism suffered by both tools was very similar, it was observed a remarkable influence of the cutting geometry on the tool wear evolution and the associated thrust force. This different performance also affected the onset of the machining induced damage.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Airbus Defense and Space through the project Drilling Processes Improvement for Multi Material CFRP-Al-Ti Stacks, and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through a grant with reference PTA2015-10741-I and project DPI2017-89197-C2-1-R

Association between Sexual Satisfaction and Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults

Abstract: The role of sexual satisfaction in adolescents and young adults’ mental health has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this work is to study di_erences in sexual satisfaction and mental health (anxiety and depression) based on romantic relationship status (having a partner vs. not having one) and gender. Likewise, the association between sexual satisfaction and mental health and the moderating e_ect of romantic relationship status and gender was addressed in this research. A total of 1682 Spanish adolescents (14–17) and young adults (1829) agreed to participate in this cross-sectional investigation. Two-factor ANOVA and MANOVA, and hierarchical regression models were utilized in this study. In general, results showed more mental health for those not in a current relationship and for women. Additionally, higher levels of sexual satisfaction was associated with lower levels of anxiety for adolescents and lower levels of depression for young adults. These associations were stronger for those in a current relationship. This study highlights the importance of sexual satisfaction as a modifying factor against mental health problems, especially in the context of a current romantic relationshipThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Business (grant number PSI2013-46830-P) and Regional Ministry of Education of Castile and Leon, in Spain (grant number SA081A11-1