Análisis de la vivienda familiar y sus ocupantes en el distrito centro de Madrid

This paper analyses the characteristics of the family housing in the urban district of ‘Centro’ in Madrid. Two points of view are taken into account. One of them is a spatial perspective, considering the municipality and the province of Madrid as comparative and broader residential contexts. Another one is a demographic perspective, distinguishing profiles of population according to its socioeconomic features. From the 1991 Census of Population and Housing, selected variables related to the houses, such as age, size, tenure status and amenities, as well as several items concerning socio-demographic features of the population, have been used. Rates of overcrowding, amenities and global quality of housing have been also calculated. It has been concluded that the district «Centro» is spatially and demographically heterogeneous and its centrality is a determinant aspect over the housing characteristics and over the different profiles and living arrangements of the residents living there.En este artículo se analizan las características de las viviendas del distrito Centro de Madrid desde dos perspectivas, una espacial, tomando como referencia comparativa otros ámbitos residenciales como son el municipio y la Comunidad Autónoma, y otra demográfica, distinguiendo los perfiles de la población residente. Se utilizan los Censos de Población y Viviendas de 1991 de donde se seleccionaron variables relativas a tamaño, antigüedad, régimen de tenencia y equipamientos de las viviendas y se calculan índices de hacinamiento, dotaciones y de calidad global de acuerdo a las características sociodemográficas de sus ocupantes. Se concluye sobre la heterogeneidad del distrito cuando se analiza la realidad interna, espacial y demográfica, de las viviendas y la población que las ocupa. La centralidad se muestra como un aspecto determinante tanto en las características de los alojamientos como en la diversidad de perfiles y formas de vida de los residentes del distrito Centro de Madrid

Calidad de vida y salud: planteamientos conceptuales y métodos de investigación

Calidad de Vida (CdV) es un constructo multidimensional, en su génesis y evolución conceptual, definición académica, campos y disciplinas de investigación, perspectivas teóricas, enfoques de estudio y operacionalización. Estos factores se describen por sí solos, interrelacionados, y en su conexión con el dominio Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS), como fundamento teórico y práctico para la planificación a diferentes niveles sociales y espaciales. Métodos y medidas para su evaluación son también presentados y valorados. Los diversos dominios de CdV, particularmente CVRS, son la base para el análisis de situaciones concretas y de resultados de políticas específica

Calidad de vida y salud: planteamientos conceptuales y métodos de investigación

Calidad de Vida (CdV) es un constructo multidimensional, en su génesis y evolución conceptual, definición académica, campos y disciplinas de investigación, perspectivas teóricas, enfoques de estudio y operacionalización. Estos factores se describen por sí solos, interrelacionados, y en su conexión con el dominio Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS), como fundamento teórico y práctico para la planificación a diferentes niveles sociales y espaciales. Métodos y medidas para su evaluación son también presentados y valorados. Los diversos dominios de CdV, particularmente CVRS, son la base para el análisis de situaciones concretas y de resultados de políticas específica

El área de influencia de las residencias de ancianos en Madrid.

Sin resume

Los inmigrantes europeos jubilados en Andalucía: rasgos sociodemográficos, motivaciones para migrar y modo de vida

El objetivo concreto de esta investigación es estudiar el proceso que lleva a los europeos jubilados a residir en la Costa del Sol, sus motivaciones en la toma de decisión, las ventajas e inconvenientes señaladas conforme el tiempo de estancia en España y su edad van avanzando, y su interacción con la sociedad y economía españolas, a través de facetas diversas (vivienda, actividades, redes...), es decir, su modo de vida.Peer reviewe

La morbilidad hospitalaria de la población española

Hospital morbidity of the Spanish population. The objective of this paper is to determine the hospital morbidity in Spain. The data are derived from the C.M.B.D. (the Minimum Basic Data Set for Hospital Statistics) (1994). The results indicate that infants, women in fértil période and elderly people are the most consumers of hospital discharges. More than a half of the hospital discharges are related to the motherhood factor as well as to the digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and to the cancer. Elderly people are more likely to stay more days in hospital and this is the main demographic group in number of diagnosticated illness.La morbilidad hospitalaria de la población española. Se analiza la morbilidad de la población española, tomando como base de estudio los hospitales del país recogidos en el C.M.B.D. (Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos) para 1994. Se descubre que la presencia en hospital está marcada por los niños hasta los dos años, las mujeres en edad fértil y los ancianos. Más de la mitad de las altas hospitalarias se asocian con el factor maternidad, así como con las enfermedades digestivas, circulatorias, respiratorias y los tumores. Las estancias más prolongadas se producen entre la población mayor que se corresponde, además, con el grupo demográfico que presenta mayor número de patologías diagnosticadas. [fr] La morbidité hostipalière de la population espagnole. Cette étude s'intéresse par la morbidité hospitalière en Espagne. On utilise le C.M.B.D. (le minimum ensemble des donees basiquées) pour 1994. Le taux de présence en hospitalisation est plus élevé au sein des enfants de moins de 2 ans, des femimes en leur période fertile et des personnes âgées. Plus de la moitié des hospitalisés sortants est liée a la maternité, ainsi que aux malades de l'appareil digestif, circulatoire et respiratoire et aux tumeurs. Les durées de séjour sont supérieures chez les âgées qui présentent, en plus, des polypathologies

Residential Environment and Health Conditions among Older-Adults in Community-Dwelling in Spain: What Influences Quality of Life?

The residential environment is considered the geographical space to which the population, especially older people, is most closely attached and where their daily life unfolds. Together with this, other personal and health and functioning conditions show their effect on satisfaction with life, as an indicator of quality of life in old age. In this context, the aim of this chapter was to understand the interrelationships of these quality of life variables and which of them are predictors of satisfaction with life in the older adult population living in family homes in Spain. The survey “Quality of life in older adults-Spain” (CadeViMa-Spain), conducted in 2008 among a representative sample of the population aged 60 or over (N=1,106 individuals), was used as the data source. The results showed a high level of satisfaction with life (69 out of 100), with 30% of its variance explained by a linear regression model, according to which overall life satisfaction is higher the larger the status of the household and satisfaction with living arrangements, the better one's health and the individual's perception of this, the lower the level of morbidity and depression and the higher the rating of the residential environment (in its three elements of housing, neighbourhood and neighbours). These results are of interest for the design and implementation of public policies concerning the adaptation of the residential environment to the circumstances and perceptions of its elderly residents, who live and want to age at home, in the environment where they have always lived with autonomy and independence.Peer reviewe

Loneliness, ageism and mental wellbeing in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic

16th European Public Health Conference 2023 Our Food, Our Health, Our Earth: A Sustainable Future for Humanity Dublin, Ireland 8-11 November 2023.Background: The measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially social distancing, had important effects on feelings of loneliness. The objective of this work is to assess the perception of loneliness in older adults living in nursing homes during the pandemic, how it has changed during the pandemic and its explanatory factors. Methods: The data come from the cross-sectional project "Protective environments of the elderly in health crises", carried out in the Community of Madrid (Spain) in 2021. The variables used were the frequency of feelings of loneliness and its change during the pandemic, as well as socio-demographic, health, emotional and contextual characteristics. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were calculated. Results: The sample consisted of 447 people; mean age was 83.8; 63.1% were women; half of the sample were widowed; 40% had an educative level lower than primary. Almost 3 out of 10 residents stated that they often or always/almost always felt alone. In the regression model, loneliness was negatively associated with age, number of medications, emotional balance, coping ability, self-perception of aging, and engaging in rewarding activities; while having a low assessment of mobility in the residential environment was positively associated. In addition, 28% of the participants who declared loneliness, also felt lonelier than before the pandemic. The variables associated with change in feelings of loneliness were age, self-perception of aging and a low assessment of the residential environment. Conclusions: The restrictions on mobility and social relationships during the COVID-19 epidemic have affected older people who were living in residences, with an increase in the feeling of loneliness related to demographic, emotional and contextual variables. Interventions on the design of residential spaces can mitigate the effects of isolation and loneliness related to health crises such as COVID-19 pandemic.S

Active Ageing Index: Application to Spanish regions

The World Health Organization definition for active ageing and the approach and measurement made by the UNECE/EC to define an Active Ageing Index (AAI) are the starting points for this work. This paper reflects on the proposed methodology of the European AAI for measuring and adapting it to sub-national spaces, in this case Spain and its regions. Consistently, evaluation of specific data sources and indicators that can be built from them, trying to homogenise with the national-level AAI, according to its calculation methodology, are also essential objectives of this paper. In general, Spanish data sources are broadly similar to those which have been used for calculating the AAI in Europe, while some limitations, difficulties for homogenization and distortions are inevitable due to the AAI specificity. These factors have conditioned the calculation of some indicators, tentatively replaced by other alternatives and approximations. The AAI for Spain, calculated on the basis of Spanish data sources, is consistent with the European AAI, although slightly lower. However, it is closely connected with other general indicators in Spain (Gross Domestic Product, Synthetic Quality of Life Index, New Index of Human Development) to differentiate the level of economic and social development of the Spanish regions. The future development of the AAI in Spain requires delving into the use of more adequate indicators and weights, and more crucially advancing its usefulness to assess the public policies for the elderly in Spain. In addition, it aims to extend its use to certain Latin American countries.This research was carried under the ELES Project (Ageing in Spain Longitudinal Study) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Competitiveness (National R&D&I Plan, Ref. CSO2011-30210-C02-01, PI. V. Rodriguez-Rodriguez). It is connected with other ongoing projects: i) the thematic networks ENACTIBE (Active Ageing in Ibero-America) (MINECO, ref. CSO2015-71193-REDT, PI. V. Rodriguez-Rodriguez) and RIIIES (Ibero-American Research Network on Ageing and Society, PI. F. Villar); ii) ENVACES project (Building the Active Ageing in Spain: self-assessment, determinants and quality of life expectations) MINECO/FEDER/ UE, ref. CSO2015-64115-R; PI. F Rojo-Perez); iii) ENCAGE-CM programme (Active Ageing, Quality of Life and Gender) (Community of Madrid and European Social Fund; ref. S2015/HUM-3367; Coord. G. Fernandez-Mayoralas). The authors thank Asghar Zaidi and the Editorial Board of the International Seminar of the Active Ageing Index, the Editor of the Journal of Population Ageing, and the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments that have helped to improve this paper.Peer reviewe