Analytical study of the developmental role of small and medium enterprises in Algeria (2000-2017)

عرفت الجزائر جهودا كثيرة لتطوير المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، وتوسع نطاق هذه الجهود ليشمل المستوى التشريعي والتنظيمي، فضلا عن اعتماد عدة سياسات لتعزيز مساهمة هذه المؤسسات في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، لذا تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على ثمار هذه الجهود من خلال رصد تطور هذه المؤسسات من جهة، وإبراز تأثير هذا التطور على دورها الاقتصادي والاجتماعي من جهة أخرىAlgeria has known many efforts to develop small and medium enterprises, and extends these efforts to include the legislative and regulatory level, as well as the adoption of several policies to enhance the contribution of these institutions to economic and social development. This study aims to identify the fruits of these efforts by monitoring the development of these institutions on the one hand, And to highlight the impact of this development on its economic and social role on the other hand

Brzina dugotrajnoga higroskopskog debljinskog bubrenja kompozita od polipropilena i hidrotermički tretirane bukovine

Long-term hygroscopic thickness swelling rate of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with thermally treated wood flour was investigated. The beech wood chips were heat treated at 120 °C, 150 °C or 180 °C for 30 or 120 min using saturated steam in a digester. The composites based on PP, beech wood flour (BF), and coupling agents (PP-g-MA) were made by melt compounding and injection molding. The weight ratio of BF to PP was controlled at 50/47 for all blends. The amount of coupling agent was fixed at 3 wt.% for all formulations. Further study was conducted to model thickness swelling of the composites, a swelling rate parameter (KSR). The thickness swelling of thermally-treated samples at 120 ºC for 30 min and at 150 ºC for 30 min were lower than that of control samples, followed by thermally-treated samples at 180 ºC for 120 min, at 180 ºC for 30 min, at 120 ºC for 120 min, and at 150 ºC for 120 min, respectively. Furthermore, the thickness swelling of the BF/PP composites decreased with increasing time and temperature of the thermal-treatment. In addition, at 120 ºC for 30 min, the composites showed a lower swelling rate than control samples. The KSR of the composites was influenced both by the time and temperature of thermal treatment.U radu je istražen dugotrajni stupanj higroskopskoga debljinskog bubrenja polipropilenskih (PP) kompozita punjenih toplinski obrađenim drvnim brašnom. Iverje od bukovine bilo je toplinski tretirano na 120, 150 ili 180 °C tijekom 30 ili 120 minuta uz pomoć zasićene pare u digestoru. Kompoziti na bazi PP-a, brašna od bukovine (BF)-a i veziva (PP-g-MA) izrađeni su taljenjem i injekcijskim prešanjem. Maseni je omjer BF/PP za sve smjese bio 50/47. Količina veziva za sve formulacije bila je na 3 wt.%. Nadalje, provedeno je modeliranje debljinskog bubrenja kompozita i parametra brzine bubrenja (KSR). Debljinsko bubrenje uzoraka toplinski tretiranih 30 min na 120 ºC i 30 min na 150 ºC bilo je niže nego na kontrolnim uzorcima, zatim slijede uzorci toplinski tretirani 120 min na 180 ºC, 30 min na 180 ºC, 120 min na 120 ºC, odnosno 120 min na 150 ºC. Nadalje, debljinsko bubrenje BF/PP kompozita smanjivalo se s povećanjem vremena i temperature toplinskog postupka. Osim toga, kompoziti su pri 30 min na 120 ºC pokazali niži parametar brzine bubrenja od kontrolnih uzoraka. Na parametar brzine bubrenja kompozita utjecali su vrijeme toplinskog tretmana i temperatura

Prevalence of Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chickens in Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract.-A base line study was conducted to determine the prevalence of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens in and around Quetta district during the period June 2009 to May 2010. The study was based on the examination of sick and dead birds (n=1105 broiler chickens). Congested and oedematous carcass, hemorrhages, yellowish brown or pale liver; swollen kidneys; atrophy of bursa and thymus were the common necropsy findings. Thin layer Chromatographic analysis of liver samples of suspected birds was carried out for the confirmation of aflatoxin. Aflatoxin contents of analyzed samples ranged between 3.0 -11.7 µg/kg. It was recorded that 8.78% (n=97) birds were aflatoxicosis positive. The highest season wise prevalence was recorded in autumn (13.29%) and the lowest in winter (5.1%). It is concluded that existing situation of aflatoxicosis need strict surveillance to monitor the problem. There should be a campaign among public to create awareness about toxicological effects of aflatoxins and development of good laboratory facilities for confirmation of disease. Further use of aflatoxin ameliorators should be promoted to limit the problem

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Le rôle de l'empowerment administratif dans l’obtention de la fidélité client par une compagnie de services, du point de vue de ses employés - étude de cas des agences commerciales d'Algérie telecom à Bouira

Cette étude a pour objectif d’identifier le rôle de l’empowerment administratif dans la fidélisation de la clientèle par une compagnie de services du point de vue de ses employés. Avec l’étude du cas des agences commerciales d’Algérie Telecom dans la wilaya de Bouira. Ces agences représentant un lien entre Algérie Télécom et ses clients, Nous avons conçu et mis au point un questionnaire aux fins de la collecte de données. De nombreuses méthodes statistiques comme l’analyse de régression, moyennes arithmétiques, écarts type, etc…ont été utilisées pour analyser les données du questionnaire. L’étude a révélé que l’empowerment administratif joue un rôle positif dans la fidélisation de la clientèle au niveau des agences d’Algérie télécom. L’étude suggère que ces agences doivent accorder une plus grande attention aux employés et ouvrir un champ plus large de discussion, et prendre en charge leurs suggestions. Title of the article in English: The role of managerial empowerment in obtaining customer loyalty in the service company, from the point of view of its employees- case study of the commercial agencies of Algeria telecom in Bouir

Mustache: multi-scale detection of chromatin loops from Hi-C and Micro-C maps using scale-space representation.

We present MUSTACHE, a new method for multi-scale detection of chromatin loops from Hi-C and Micro-C contact maps. MUSTACHE employs scale-space theory, a technical advance in computer vision, to detect blob-shaped objects in contact maps. MUSTACHE is scalable to kilobase-resolution maps and reports loops that are highly consistent between replicates and between Hi-C and Micro-C datasets. Compared to other loop callers, such as HiCCUPS and SIP, MUSTACHE recovers a higher number of published ChIA-PET and HiChIP loops as well as loops linking promoters to regulatory elements. Overall, MUSTACHE enables an efficient and comprehensive analysis of chromatin loops. Available at: https://github.com/ay-lab/mustache

Mustache: multi-scale detection of chromatin loops from Hi-C and Micro-C maps using scale-space representation

We present MUSTACHE, a new method for multi-scale detection of chromatin loops from Hi-C and Micro-C contact maps. MUSTACHE employs scale-space theory, a technical advance in computer vision, to detect blob-shaped objects in contact maps. MUSTACHE is scalable to kilobase-resolution maps and reports loops that are highly consistent between replicates and between Hi-C and Micro-C datasets. Compared to other loop callers, such as HiCCUPS and SIP, MUSTACHE recovers a higher number of published ChIA-PET and HiChIP loops as well as loops linking promoters to regulatory elements. Overall, MUSTACHE enables an efficient and comprehensive analysis of chromatin loops. Available at: https://github.com/ay-lab/mustache