Australian poetry: reflections on nature, space and identity

In the relatively brief history of written Australian poetry, nature has emerged as a quintessential theme. As a space and a physical expression of the natural world, nature is expressed through many styles. Even in urban poetry, nature is often held in the frame of a window, in memory, or as scarred residues in developed spaces. Contemporary poets in Australia often express a consciousness of nature, even if direct reference to the natural world is absent in an individual poem. With little to distinguish Australia's urban environment from any other city in the world, symbology of the bush and beach helps fuel the construction of Australian identity and poetry. This article explores the role of nature in Australian poetry that has helped shaped views of natural landscapes and Australian identity

The language of ecotourism

This research examines the construction of language in the field of ecotourism through a number of disciplines and discourses. Following Graham Dann’s (1996) lead in investigating tourism texts through a socio-linguistic study of language, I focus on the niche of ecotourism to look specifically at the way nature is represented within its texts. An increasing body of interdisciplinary research is developing with a bias towards describing environmental discourses through political, managerial, sociological and business lenses (see Cohen, 1978;Haenn, 1994; Hall & Kinnaird, 1994; Hollinshead, 2000a; Jones, 1987). This bias creates a gap in the literature on ecocritical, discourse analysis and sociolinguistic reviews of ecotourism language (Dann, 2012). This research is important because it demonstrates how the methods used by discourse and its operations, such as marketing and promotion, are deployed to transform ecological space into a commodity. Political and cultural discourses position nature as a theme within them to perform a host of utilitarian functions. Creative writing, travel writing, copywriting and poetics all contribute to the methods through which ecotourism is promoted, constructed, understood, consumed and desired. Fundamental to understanding the importance of language in creating the experience and identity of ecotourism is the role of the Internet: its keywords, search engine techniques, consumer feedback capacities and websites. Websites allow destination managers to create a direct relationship with an international audience of potential guests. By reviewing literature from different disciplines and producing a new set of comprehensive data, I contribute to the literature on ecotourism by demonstrating how it produces and is produced by culture in ways that influence the design and promotion of marketing material by the tourism industry. Ecotourism emerges as a scene conflicted by its construction through multiple disciplines and discourses; creating an ambiguity with political and ideological consequences. I examine the key themes, discourses and ideologies present in ecotourism and how these interact with the conservation, industry, socio-political and policy agendas implicit in its texts. I investigate how tourists and destination managers engage with ecotourism as a business, literary, tourism and cultural activity to enrich knowledge about ecotourism’s story, business and rhetoric and how it is constructed to appeal to tourists; who are in turn assumed to hold certain sets of ideologies

They say drowning is like a dream

Certain aspects of Jayne Fenton-Keane’s poetic oeuvre are inspired by her access to sounds from the US Navy’s Marine Audio Archive, gained while on a residency at Cornell University in 2005. The archive, dating from 1939, has samples ranging from the joyful organic sounds of airborne baby whales through to cruel descriptions and the real sounds of experiments carried out by scientists on marine life. They Say Drowning is Like a Dream is a collaborative electro-acoustic work prepared for a live/improvised duet performance in which Fenton-Keane draws on marine-based aspects of her poetry, with computer musician Steven Campbell triggering in real-time samples primarily drawn from the Navy archive, along with related news reports and readings of Fenton-Keane’s poetry. This work is intended as a thought provoking portrayal of human relationships with water, the oceans, and human interactions with marine life

A Pilgrimage to the Heart of Nature

Poe

The PTEN and INK4A/ARF tumor suppressors maintain myelolymphoid homeostasis and cooperate to constrain histiocytic sarcoma development in humans.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant proliferation of histiocytes of uncertain molecular pathogenesis. Here, genetic analysis of coincident loss of Pten and Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressors in the mouse revealed a neoplastic phenotype dominated by a premalignant expansion of biphenotypic myelolymphoid cells followed by the development of HS. Pten protein loss occurred only in the histiocytic portion of tumors, suggesting a stepwise genetic inactivation in the generation of HS. Similarly, human HS showed genetic or epigenetic inactivation of PTEN, p16(INK4A), and p14(ARF), supporting the relevance of this genetically engineered mouse model of HS. These genetic and translational observations establish a cooperative role of Pten and Ink4a/Arf in the development of HS and provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of human HS

Letter to the Editor Comment on (Modulation of Metabolic Detoxification Pathways Using Foods and Food-Derived Components: A Scientific Review with Clinical Application) "Modulation of Metabolic Detoxification Path- ways Using Foods and Food-Derived Compon

title and the discussion does not fit this title. This narrative review article presents a comprehensive review of food and food components on specific metabolic detoxification pathways (phase I cytochrome enzymes, phase II conjugation enzymes, antioxidant support systems, and metallothionein) for naturopathic therapies in 11 extensive tables. This paper has many strengths; the strongest of these is the authors' discussion of the important limitations of this science. While their emphasis was about finding evidence to support clinical recommendations to use foods and foodbased constituents to reduce toxins, they recognized the following. "It is best to take precaution in firmly advocating foods or food-based nutrients that only have cell or animal data as support. It is best to rely on the clinical [human] studies"; "science has not fully demonstrated the individual impacts of these [smoking, physical activity, or stress] factors, along with all of them together to be able to understand the effects of altering the function of some detoxifying enzymes"; "in several instances, certain foods exhibited a particular activity on an enzyme, while, at higher doses, they had another, opposite effect"; "for patients who are taking multiple pharmaceuticals, it is important to know which detoxification systems will be influenced by nutrients and foods so that side effects are minimized or avoided"; "without a full understanding of a patient's SNPs [single nucleotide polymorphisms], it becomes difficult to make accurate assessments about nutrients and dosing"; "in some of the research presented here, effects on detoxification enzymes were seen after several days of food intake or supplementation, while, in other cases, induction of an enzyme might be fairly rapid, followed by efficient adaptability" Given all of the limitations to current knowledge and the large effects seen in a few sparse studies of food-based compounds altering detoxification enzymes and the metabolism of medications More research is needed before knowledge is sufficient to be able to provide advice to individuals on how to rais

Comment on “Modulation of Metabolic Detoxification Pathways Using Foods and Food-Derived Components: A Scientific Review with Clinical Application”

Peer Reviewe