Huntingtin forms toxic NH2-terminal fragment complexes that are promoted by the age-dependent decrease in proteasome activity

Although NH2-terminal mutant huntingtin (htt) fragments cause neurological disorders in Huntington's disease (HD), it is unclear how toxic htt fragments are generated and contribute to the disease process. Here, we report that complex NH2-terminal mutant htt fragments smaller than the first 508 amino acids were generated in htt-transfected cells and HD knockin mouse brains. These fragments constituted neuronal nuclear inclusions and appeared before neurological symptoms. The accumulation and aggregation of these htt fragments were associated with an age-dependent decrease in proteasome activity and were promoted by inhibition of proteasome activity. These results suggest that decreased proteasome activity contributes to late onset htt toxicity and that restoring the ability to remove NH2-terminal fragments will provide a more effective therapy for HD than inhibiting their production

Comparison of Three Different Styles of Submarine Sails on Electromagnetic Scattering under the Detection of Airborne Radar

This paper studies radar cross section of submarine sails on the water. Under the detection of the enemy’s airborne radar, considering the motion of the submarine, the sail model of radar pitch angle incidence range analysis is established. By using CATIA software, the 3D models of AKULA sail, SUBOFF sail and VICTOR sail are built. On the basis of the physical optics method and the equivalent currents method, the scattering characteristics of sails RCS(radar cross section) are simulated under X radar band. Through the microwave anechoic chamber test, this paper verifies the accuracy of the combination of the physical optics method and the equivalent electromagnetic flow method. The influence of the distance from the airborne radar to the sail on the pitch angle of the electromagnetic wave is discussed, with the elevation angle of the radar antenna varies. Then, we illustrate the characteristics of circumferential direction RCS of the sail under different pitch angles. Finally, the mean RCS of the sail at a given pitch angle is simulated. The results show that the AKULA sail is considerably superior to SUBOFF sail and VICTOR sail on stealth performance with the pitch angle less than 4° . But when the pitch angle exceeds 10°, the SUBOFF sail can be given priority

Micro-motion Recognition of Spatial Cone Target Based on ISAR Image Sequences

The accurate micro-motions recognition of spatial cone target is the foundation of the characteristic parameter acquisition. For this reason, a micro-motion recognition method based on the distinguishing characteristics extracted from the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) sequences is proposed in this paper. The projection trajectory formula of cone node strong scattering source and cone bottom slip-type strong scattering sources, which are located on the spatial cone target, are deduced under three micro-motion types including nutation, precession, and spinning, and the correctness is verified by the electromagnetic simulation. By comparison, differences are found among the projection of the scattering sources with different micro-motions, the coordinate information of the scattering sources in the Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar sequences is extracted by the CLEAN algorithm, and the spinning is recognized by setting the threshold value of Doppler. The double observation points Interacting Multiple Model Kalman Filter is used to separate the scattering sources projection of the nutation target or precession target, and the cross point number of each scattering source’s projection track is used to classify the nutation or precession. Finally, the electromagnetic simulation data are used to verify the effectiveness of the micro-motion recognition method

Comparison of Three Different Styles of Submarine Sails on Electromagnetic Scattering under the Detection of Airborne Radar

This paper studies radar cross section of submarine sails on the water. Under the detection of the enemy’s airborne radar, considering the motion of the submarine, the sail model of radar pitch angle incidence range analysis is established. By using CATIA software, the 3D models of AKULA sail, SUBOFF sail and VICTOR sail are built. On the basis of the physical optics method and the equivalent currents method, the scattering characteristics of sails RCS(radar cross section) are simulated under X radar band. Through the microwave anechoic chamber test, this paper verifies the accuracy of the combination of the physical optics method and the equivalent electromagnetic flow method. The influence of the distance from the airborne radar to the sail on the pitch angle of the electromagnetic wave is discussed, with the elevation angle of the radar antenna varies. Then, we illustrate the characteristics of circumferential direction RCS of the sail under different pitch angles. Finally, the mean RCS of the sail at a given pitch angle is simulated. The results show that the AKULA sail is considerably superior to SUBOFF sail and VICTOR sail on stealth performance with the pitch angle less than 4° . But when the pitch angle exceeds 10°, the SUBOFF sail can be given priority

Hierarchical porous MXene/amino carbon nanotubes-based molecular imprinting sensor for highly sensitive and selective sensing of fisetin.

In this work, a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on hierarchical porous MXene/amino carbon nanotubes (MXene/NH2-CNTs) composite and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed for fisetin detection. The porous MXene/NH2-CNTs films were fabricated by self-assembly of negatively charged Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes and positively charged NH2-CNTs. The utilization of conductive NH2-CNTs as interlayer spacers efficiently inhibited the aggregation of MXene flakes and formed a well-defined porous structure, as a result of increasing the effective surface area, an enhancement of the electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity was observed. This sensor takes advantages of molecularly imprinted technique and MXene/NH2-CNTs nanomaterials to achieve high selectivity and high sensitivity for the determination of fisetin. The factors that affect sensor response were studied and optimized. The as-prepared molecular imprinting sensor, under the optimized conditions, presented a good linear relationship with the fisetin concentration ranging from 0.003 μmol L-1 to 20.0 μmol L-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 nmol L-1. Besides, with favorable stability and selectivity, this newly developed sensor was utilized for the detection of fisetin in actual samples with satisfactory results

Fig. 6 in Armochaetoglasins A-I: Cytochalasan alkaloids from fermentation broth of Chaetomium globosum TW1-1 by feeding L-tyrosine

Fig. 6. Experimental ECD spectra (in MeOH) of compounds 1–5 and 7–9.Published as part of <i>Gao, Weixi, Sun, Weiguang, Li, Fengli, Chai, Chenwei, He, Yan, Wang, Jianping, Xue, Yongbo, Chen, Chunmei, Zhu, Hucheng, Hu, Zhengxi & Zhang, Yonghui, 2018, Armochaetoglasins A-I: Cytochalasan alkaloids from fermentation broth of Chaetomium globosum TW1-1 by feeding L-tyrosine, pp. 106-115 in Phytochemistry 156</i> on page 112, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.004, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10484462">http://zenodo.org/record/10484462</a&gt

Origin of the Jurassic-cretaceous intraplate granitoids in Eastern China as a consequence of paleo-Pacific plate subduction

Jurassic-Cretaceous granitoids are widespread in eastern continental China and have been considered by many as resulting from paleo-Pacific subduction. However, the actual mechanism of their petrogenesis remains speculative. In order to address this important problem and on the basis of our regional study, we hypothesized that the coastal granitoids may result directly from the paleo-Pacific plate subduction, whereas the widespread granitoids in the continental interiors ultimately result from dehydration of the paleo-Pacific slab stagnated in the mantle transition zone (Niu et al., 2015). Here, we present the very first study testing this hypothesis. We sampled 18 Jurassic-Cretaceous granitoid plutons along a ~ 1300 km long traverse parallel to the inferred paleo-Pacific subduction from the southeast coastline to the Xiaoqinling in the continental interiors and carried out a detailed study on these plutonic samples, including zircon UPb geochronology, bulk-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic characteristics. These plutons give varying zircon crystallization ages of ~146 to 100 Ma. They are mostly granitic and minor granodioritic, quartz monzonitic and syenitic in composition, enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depleted in high field-strength elements (HFSEs) and have varying negative Sr and Eu anomalies. The plutons in the continental interiors show significant positive correlations of Nd (εNd (t) = −25.5 to −10.9) and Hf (εHf (t) = −31.5 to −11.3) isotopes with Pb isotopes (206Pb/204Pb (t) = 15.827 to 17.622), with the enriched endmember characterized by low εNd (t), εHf (t) and 206Pb/204Pb (t). The plutons towards the coastal region have relatively high εNd (t) (−9.0 to −5.2), εHf (t) (−11.2 to −4.1) and 206Pb/204Pb (t) (18.051 to 18.349). The coastal granitoids are best explained as resulting directly from subduction slab dehydration induced mantle wedge melting and resultant crustal anatexis, whereas the interior granitoids are best interpreted as resulting from mature crustal anataxis caused by basaltic magmatism associated with mantle lithosphere thinning, ultimately triggered by dehydration of paleo-Pacific slab stagnant in the mantle transition zone

Nonlinear association between atherogenic index of plasma and type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight and obesity patients: evidence from Chinese medical examination data

Abstract Background The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is closely associated with the onset of diabetes, with obesity being a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between the AIP and T2DM in overweight and obese populations has been infrequently studied. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this association in overweight and obese individuals with T2DM. Methods This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from 40,633 participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2 who were screened from January 2018 to December 2023 at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. Participants were categorized into groups of overweight and obese individuals with and without diabetes according to the T2DM criteria. The AIP, our dependent variable, was calculated using the formula log10 [(TG mol/L)/HDL-C (mol/L)]. We investigated the association between the AIP and T2DM in overweight and obese individuals using multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, generalized additive models, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis. Additionally, mediation analysis evaluated the role of inflammatory cells in AIP-related T2DM. Results Overweight and obese patients with T2DM exhibited higher AIP levels than those without diabetes. After adjusting for confounders, our results indicated a significant association between the AIP and the risk of T2DM in overweight and obese individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 5.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.69–5.69). Notably, participants with a high baseline AIP (Q4 group) had a significantly greater risk of T2DM than those in the Q1 group, with an OR of 3.18 (95% CI 2.94–3.45). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between the AIP and T2DM decreased with increasing age (interaction P  – 0.07 indicating a significant increase in T2DM risk. Various inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, leukocytes, and monocytes, mediated 4.66%, 4.16%, and 1.93% of the associations, respectively. Conclusion In overweight and obese individuals, the AIP was independently associated with T2DM, exhibiting a nonlinear association. Additionally, the association between the AIP and T2DM decreased with advancing age. Multiple types of inflammatory cells mediate this association