Aqua­(benzamidato-κN)bis­[3,5-difluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl-κC 1]iridium(III) methanol monosolvate

In the title compound, [Ir(C11H6F2N)2(C7H6NO)(H2O)]·CH3OH, the IrIII ion adopts an octa­hedral geometry, and is coordinated by two 3,5-difluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl ligands, one mol­ecule of water and one benzamidate anion. The two 2-(4,6-difluoro­phen­yl)pyridyl ligands are arranged in a cis-C,C′ and trans-N,N′ fashion. Additionally, there is a bystanding methanol mol­ecule outside the coordination sphere of the IrIII ion. In the crystal, mol­ecules of the title compound are linked by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. One F atom of each ligand is equally disordered over two sites. The C atom of the solvent molecule is likewise disordered over two sites in a 0.589 (11):0.411 (11) ratio

Fine-grained fault recognition method for shaft orbit of rotary machine based on convolutional neural network

In the fault diagnosis of the shaft orbit of rotating machinery, there are few prejudgments about the severity of the faults, which is very important for fault repair. Therefore, a fine-grained recognition method is proposed to detect different severity faults by shaft orbit. Since different shaft orbits represent different type and different severity of faults, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is applied for identifying the shaft orbits to recognize the type and severity of the fault. The recognition rate of proposed fine-grained fault identification method is 97.96 % on the simulated shaft orbit database, and it takes only 0.31 milliseconds for the recognition of single sample. Experimental result indicated that the classification performance of the proposed method are better than the traditional machine learning models. Moreover, the method is applied for the identification of the measured shaft orbits of rotor with different degree of imbalance faults, and the testing accuracy of the experiments in measured shaft orbits is 97.14 %, which has verified the effectiveness of the proposed fine-grained fault recognition method

Effect of various dopant elements on primary graphite growth

Five spheroidal graphite cast irons were investigated, a usual ferritic grade and four pearlitic alloys containing Cu and doped with Sb, Sn and Ti. These alloys were remelted in a graphite crucible, leading to volatilization of the magnesium added for spheroidization and to carbon saturation of the liquid. The alloys were then cooled down and maintained at a temperature above the eutectic temperature. During this step, primary graphite could develop showing various features depending on the doping elements added. The largest effects were that of Ti which greatly reduces graphite nucleation and growth, and that of Sb which leads to rounded agglomerates instead of lamellar graphite. The samples have been investigated with secondary ion mass spectrometry to enlighten distribution of elements in primary graphite. SIMS analysis showed almost even distribution of elements, including Mg and Al (from the inoculant) in the ferritic grade, while uneven distribution was evident in all doped alloys. Investigations are going on to clarify if the uneven distribution is associated with structural defects in the graphite precipitates

TAT-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Enhance the Antitumor Activity of PAD4 Inhibitors

Purpose: Histone citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminases 4 (PAD4) regulates the gene expression of tumor suppressor. In our previously study, YW3-56 (356) was developed as a potent PAD4 inhibitor for cancer therapy with novel function in the autophagy pathway. To enhance the antitumor activity, the PAD4 inhibitor 356 was modified by the well-established cationic penetrating peptide RKKRRQRRR (peptide TAT) and gold nanoparticles to obtain 356-TAT-AuNPs which could enhance the permeability of chemical drug in solid tumor. Methods: 356-TAT-AuNPs were prepared, and their morphology were characterized. The antitumor activity of 356-TAT-AuNPs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: 356-TAT-AuNPs exhibited higher anticancer activity against HCT-116, MCF-7 and A549 cells than 356 and 356-AuNPs. Compared with 356 and 356-AuNPs, 356-TAT-AuNPs entered the cytoplasm and nuclear, exhibited stronger anticancer activity by increasing apoptosis, inducing autophagy and inhibiting of histone H3 citrullination, and in HCT-116 xenograft mouse model, 356-TAT-AuNPs could improve the antitumor activity. Conclusion: The modified AuNPs with peptide TAT as drug delivery system are potent in delaying tumor growth and could be a powerful vehicle for profitable anticancer drug development. We believe that peptide TAT modification strategy may provide a simple and valuable method for improving antitumor activity of PAD4 inhibitors for clinical use.publishedVersio

An Explanation of Energy Return on Investment From an Entropy Perspective

Low-carbon energy transformation is a major trend in world energy development, and measures to mitigate carbon emissions can vary substantially in terms of the energy they require. A common method of evaluating energy use in energy resource exploitation is energy return on investment (EROI). One of the criticisms of EROI concerns uncertainty regarding the input and output factors for the calculation. To make the issue clear, we interpret EROI in terms of entropy, which is the most basic concept in physics. We consider an energy resource exploitation system to be a kind of dissipative structure and construct a basic entropy analysis framework for an energy resource exploitation system. We then derive the relationship between EROI and entropy change. The theory of EROI is consistent with the basic requirement for a dissipative structure, which is that the total entropy change must be negative. EROI is a method of using entropy theory to evaluate energy resource exploitation. It is inappropriate and unnecessary to quantify all factors as energy units as the input and output factors are multidimensional while energy is a one-dimensional standard. Future development of the EROI method should be guided by entropy theory. A series of EROI related indicators will increase its application and policy significance

Enhancing monolayer photoluminescence on optical micro/nanofibers for low-threshold lasing.

Although monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have direct bandgaps, the low room-temperature photoluminescence quantum yields (QYs), especially under high pump intensity, limit their practical applications. Here, we use a simple photoactivation method to enhance the room-temperature QYs of monolayer MoS2 grown on to silica micro/nanofibers by more than two orders of magnitude in a wide pump dynamic range. The high-density oxygen dangling bonds released from the tapered micro/nanofiber surface are the key to this strong enhancement of QYs. As the pump intensity increases from 10-1 to 104 W cm-2, our photoactivated monolayer MoS2 exhibits QYs from ~30 to 1% while maintaining high environmental stability, allowing direct lasing with greatly reduced thresholds down to 5 W cm-2. Our strategy can be extended to other TMDs and offers a solution to the most challenging problem toward the realization of efficient and stable light emitters at room temperature based on these atomically thin materials

Hierarchical Control Strategy for Active Hydropneumatic Suspension Vehicles Based on Genetic Algorithms

A new hierarchical control strategy for active hydropneumatic suspension systems is proposed. This strategy considers the dynamic characteristics of the actuator. The top hierarchy controller uses a combined control scheme: a genetic algorithm- (GA-) based self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative controller and a fuzzy logic controller. For practical implementations of the proposed control scheme, a GA-based self-learning process is initiated only when the defined performance index of vehicle dynamics exceeds a certain debounce time threshold. The designed control algorithm is implemented on a virtual prototype and cosimulations are performed with different road disturbance inputs. Cosimulation results show that the active hydropneumatic suspension system designed in this study significantly improves riding comfort characteristics of vehicles. The robustness and adaptability of the proposed controller are also examined when the control system is subjected to extremely rough road conditions