A autorregulação da aprendizagem nas primeiras idades

Este Relatório Final contempla toda a ação educativa desenvolvida no decurso da prática supervisionada ao longo do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (1.º CEB), nos diversos contextos, nomeadamente, creche, jardim de infância e 1.º CEB. O presente Relatório encontra-se organizado em três partes. Numa primeira parte apresenta-se, de forma resumida, todas as práticas supervisionadas, as suas caracterizações, bem como algumas atividades que foram realizadas. No final da primeira parte, consta ainda uma reflexão do desenvolvimento profissional. Na segunda parte deste Relatório, encontra-se o exercício investigativo que se debruça sobra a Autorregulação da Aprendizagem. Neste ponto é onde estará inserida a fundamentação teórica, o motivo da escolha da questão de investigação, as metodologias, a análise e apresentação dos resultados e, por fim, as considerações finais. É de referir que esta investigação comtempla dois estudos, no primeiro recorreu-se a um instrumento de apoio à prática pedagógica, a Lista de Desenvolvimento da Aprendizagem Independente (CHILD)1, que teve como participantes um total de 83 crianças da valência Creche, do Pré-escolar e do 1.º CEB, enquanto que, no segundo estudo procurou-se analisar e recolher informação, junto de 18 docentes, sobre o tema em questão através de inquéritos por questionário de resposta aberta. A presente investigação, apresenta desta forma, uma amostra de 101 participantes. Na terceira, e última parte, poderá consultar uma Reflexão Final. Com a presente investigação, verificou-se que é essencial que os docentes forneçam às crianças/alunos, desde cedo, estratégias para que consigam controlar as suas ações e a sua aprendizagem.This Final Report addresses all the educational action developed under the supervised practice throughout the Masters Degree Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e em Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, in various contexts, namely, nursery, kindergarten and primary school. The present Report is organised in three main parts. In the first part all the supervised practices, their characterisations, as well as some developed activities are briefly presented. The end of the first part also includes a reflection on the professional development. The second part of this Report consists of the investigative process which relies on Learning Auto-regulation. This is where all the theoretical ground can be found, as well as the reason of the choice of the investigation question, the methodologies used and the analysis of the results and, finally, the final considerations. It should be noted that the present investigation contemplates two studies. For the first study, one resorted to a pedagogical practice tool, Lista de Desenvolvimento da Aprendizagem Independente (CHILD). This study consisted in a total of 83 children from nursery, kindergarten and primary school. On the other hand, the second study consisted in collecting and analysing information on the subject from 18 teachers, through a survey by questionnaire with open questions. Thus, the present investigation has a total sample of 101 participants. In the third and final part, one can find the Final Reflection. It became apparent that it is essential that all teachers should provide children/students early on with strategies which can be used to control their actions and their learning process.N/

Students’ Involvement in School and Parental Support: Contributions to the Socio-Educational Intervention

Student involvement in the school and the perception of parental support are core variables in the context of studies on personal and school adjustment of children and adolescents and should be considered in the context of socio-educational intervention. In this study, we formulated the following objectives: i) to understand the differences in students’ involvement in school and the perception of parental support, according to several socio- demographic and school variables, ii) to analyse the relationship between involvement and the perception of parental support iii) to outline socio-educational intervention strategies in the contexts of children’s lives. This is a non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional study by means of a non-probabilistic convenience sample consisting of 150 children, aged between 10 and 16 years, attending the 2nd and 3rd cycles basic education [5th – 9th years of schooling] attending a school in the central region of Portugal. The data collection instruments were “Students’ Engagement in School: a Four-Dimensional Scale – SES-4DS” (Veiga 2013, 2016), the “Perceived Parental Support Scale” (Veiga, 2011) and a part with socio-demographic and school questions was added. We found significant differences in overall (and partial) amounts of student involvement and the perception of parental support, depending on the age, gender (in agency and behaviour subscales), school difficulties/retentions and methods of study (time, a place to study and a study schedule). We also found positive and significant relationships between student involvement and perception of parental support. The results are in line with the scientific literature in the field, which highlights the key role of the variables, student involvement and perception of parental support in the academic and psychosocial adjustment of young people. These should be considered in the context of socio-educational intervention. Given the above, we present areas and action strategies promoting parent and student involvement in the educational process

Sirtuins’ deregulation in bladder cancer: SIRT7 is implicated in tumor progression through epithelial to mesenchymal transition promotion

Sirtuins are emerging players in cancer biology and other age-related disorders, and their putative role in bladder cancer (BlCa) remains elusive. Further understanding of disease biology may allow for generation of more effective pathway-based biomarkers and targeted therapies. Herein, we aimed to illuminate the role of sirtuins’ family in BlCa and evaluate their potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. SIRT1-7 transcripts and protein levels were evaluated in a series of primary BlCa and normal bladder mucosa tissues. SIRT7 knockdown was performed through lentiviral transduction in MGHU3, 5637 and J82 cells and its functional role was assessed. SIRT1, 2, 4 and 5 expression levels were significantly lower in BlCa, whereas SIRT6 and 7 were overexpressed, and these results were corroborated by TCGA cohort analysis. SIRT7 transcript levels were significantly decreased in muscle-invasive vs. papillary BlCa. In vitro studies showed that SIRT7 downregulation promoted cells migration and invasion. Accordingly, increased EMT markers expression and decreased E-Cadherin (CDH1) was observed in those BlCa cells. Moreover, increased EZH2 expression and H3K27me3 deposition in E-Cadherin promoter was found in sh-SIRT7 cells. We demonstrated that sirtuins are globally deregulated in BlCa, and specifically SIRT7 downregulation is implicated in EMT, fostering BlCa invasiveness through EZH2-CDH1 axis.This research was supported by the Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP–FBGEBC-27 and PI 74-CI-IPOP-19-2016), by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (PhD fellowships SFRH/BD/112673/2015 to S.M.-R and SFRH/BD/92786/2013 to C.S.G.; IF/00601/2012 to B.M.C.), and by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) (post-doctoral fellowships IPO/ESTIMANORTE01-0145-FEDER-000027 to V.M.-G. and COMPETE/FEDER/FCT_CI-IPOP-BPD/UID/DTP/00776/2013 to I.G.)

As conceções dos alunos do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico sobre a Roda dos Alimentos

Este trabalho de investigação foi desenvolvido no âmbito da unidade curricular de Investigação em Estudo do Meio da Licenciatura em Educação Básica da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém. Os seus principais objetivos foram identificar as conceções dos alunos do 1.º CEB sobre a roda dos alimentos, nomeadamente a quantidade de fatias que conhecem e a sua constituição, dando especial atenção à fatia da fruta. A literatura revela a existência de consenso quanto às crianças portuguesas habitualmente não terem hábitos alimentares saudáveis, problema que recolhe evidência empírica no facto da taxa de obesidade infantil em Portugal ter vindo a aumentar paulatinamente. Para combater esse problema de saúde, entre outras iniciativas estrou em vigor um Regulamento do Regime de Fruta Escolar (Portaria n.º 1242/2009) que visa sensibilizar as crianças para o consumo de fruta, de modo a combater a má nutrição e consequentemente a obesidade infantil. O ensino da roda dos alimentos pode também contribuir para mitigar a problemática da obesidade infantil. Um dos seus objetivos é mostrar aos alunos uma das formas possíveis de representar os diferentes grupos de alimentos e a proporção em que devem ser incluídos na alimentação humana. A sua utilidade é demonstrar, de uma forma simples, o que é uma alimentação saudável, ou seja, uma alimentação completa, porque inclui todos os tipos de alimentos, equilibrada, porque apresenta os tipos de alimentos na proporção correta, e variada. Embora a roda dos alimentos seja uma ferramenta essencial para combater a má nutrição e a obesidade, alguns estudos mostram uma diminuta adequação da ingestão de alimentos às recomendações da roda. Torna-se, pois, necessário identificar os conhecimentos das crianças sobre a roda dos alimentos porque o domínio dessa temática desde as primeiras idades poderá trazer mais-valias nutricionais ao longo de toda a vida do indivíduo. Para a realização deste estudo de caso, o instrumento de recolha de dados utilizado foi o desenho da roda dos alimentos porque permite ter uma melhor perceção dos conhecimentos das crianças sobre o objeto de estudo. Os participantes nesta investigação foram 69 alunos do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, dos 2º e 4º anos de escolaridade, dos quais 34 são do género masculino e 35 do género feminino. O intervalo de idades dos participantes variou entre os 6 e os 10 anos. O estudo foi realizado em duas escolas, uma do concelho de Santarém e outra de Lisboa, respeitando-se a confidencialidade e o anonimato dos participantes. Os dados foram expressos através de gráficos e mostram que, na globalidade, os participantes do estudo sabem representar o número correto e o tipo de fatias da roda dos alimentos (gorduras e óleos; lacticínios; carne, pescado e ovos; leguminosas; cereais e derivados e tubérculos; hortícolas e fruta), assim como a água e os sais minerais. Contudo, possuem algumas dificuldades na representação da proporção relativa dessas fatias. Quanto à fatia das frutas, constatou-se que os alunos dos 2.º e 4.º anos de escolaridade desenharam em maior número a pêra, a maçã, a banana e a laranja. Em menor quantidade, a turma do 4º ano desenhou as seguintes frutas: abacaxi, figo, manga e nozes, e a turma do 2º ano o figo, a romã, o kiwi e o limão. Portanto, conclui-se que os alunos que participaram neste estudo apresentam conhecimentos significativos sobre o número de fatias da roda dos alimentos e a sua composição, representando com maior dificuldade a proporção relativa das fatias. Não tiveram, também, dificuldade em ilustrar uma grande variedade de frutas na fatia respetiva, o que se pode traduzir em boas perspetivas de transposição desses conhecimentos académicos para a sua alimentação quotidiana

Osmolaridade e taxa de diluição na ativação do sêmen criopreservado de prochilodus lineatus

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of activators with different osmolarities and dilution rate in the activation of cryopreserved semen of curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). We used four breeding males captured in the Fish- farming Station of CEMIG, Itutinga, MG. Semen samples were diluted in two solutions (DMSO + methanol and lactose + lactose) at 1:4 ratio and frozen. The rates (%) and duration (s) of sperm motility for treatments were assessed. Activators with respective osmolarities: 30, 99, 183 and 293 mOsm at dilution rates of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 (semen: activator) were used. The dilution rates of 1:2 and 1:8 influenced duration of motility in semen cryopreserved with DMSO. For the 1:2 dilution, the semen activated with the activator containing 30 mOsm, presented greater motility duration than semen activated with activators with 183 and 293 mOsm. However, for the activator with 30 mOsm, it was obtained longer motility duration at a dilution of 1:2 compared to 1:4 dilution. At 1:6 dilution rate, when the semen was activated with the activator 30 mOsm, the motility rate was higher than that provided by the semen that was activated with 293 mOsm. At the dilution rate of 1:8, the use of activator containing 99 mOsm showed longer motility duration in relation to use of the activator with 293 mOsm. Activators containing high osmolarities can provide lower rates and duration of motility in semen of curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) cryopreserved with cryoprotectants methanol or DMSO.Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de ativadores com diferentes osmolaridades e taxa de diluição na ativação de sêmen criopreservado de curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). Foram utilizados quatro reprodutores machos capturados na Estação de Piscicultura da CEMIG, Itutinga, MG. As amostras de sêmen foram diluídas em duas soluções (DMSO + lactose e metanol + lactose) na proporção de 1:4 e congeladas. Foram avaliadas as taxas (%) e duração (s) da motilidade espermática dos tratamentos. Na ativação foram utilizados ativadores contendo as respectivas osmolarida- des: 30, 99, 183 e 293 mOsm nas taxas de diluição de 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 sêmen: ativador. A taxa de diluição 1:2 e 1:8 foram estatisticamente significa- tivas para duração da motilidade para o sêmen criopreservado com DMSO. Para a diluição 1:2, o sêmen ativado com o ativador contendo 30 mOsm, apresentou duração de motilidade maior em relação ao sêmen ativado com ativadores com 183 e 293 mOsm. No entanto, para a utilização do ativador com 30 mOsm, se obteve maior duração da motilidade na diluição de 1:2 em relação a diluição de 1:4. Na taxa de diluição 1:6, quando o sêmen foi ativado com o ativador de 30 mOsm, a taxa de motilidade foi superior à apresentada pelo sêmen que foi ativado com 293 mOsm. Na taxa de diluição de 1:8, o uso de ativador contendo 99 mOsm apresentou maior duração de motilidade em relação ao uso do ativador com 293 mOsm. Ativadores contendo altas osmolaridades podem proporcio- nar menores taxas e duração da motilidade em sêmen de curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) crio- preservado com os crioprotetores metanol ou DMSO

Effect of photoperiod stress assessment and locomotor activity of female lambari (Astyanax bimaculatu)

Some studies and scientific investments have been done in aquaculture aiming to minimize the stress of the fish due to different factors, as management, nutritional status, water quality, temperature, photoperiod, and salinity. This study aimed to verify the effect of photoperiod on locomotor activity and plasma levels of cortisol and glucose in female Lambari. One hundred and twenty female Lambari adult were maintained in aquaria of 20 liters each in a completely randomized design with three treatments (T1 = 0Light: 24Dark, T2 = 12L: 12D, T3 = 24L: 0D) and four replications. The daily locomotor activity was registered during 15 days using an infrared photocell. After 40 days of experiment and previous fasting for 24 hours, fish were euthanized by a lethal dose of benzocaine. Female Lambari featured a diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity. Lambari subjected to 12:12 and LD photoperiod presented higher cortisol (12L:12E: 190.00 ± 37.73 ng/mL e 24L:0E: 148.850 ± 32.77 ng/mL) and locomotor activity levels and also lower survival rates (30.0 ± 7.07%) when compared to the LD photoperiod (cortisol: 85.570 ± 7.99 ng/mL, survival rates: 72.5 ± 4.330%). The glucose concentration (32.167 ± 22.73 mg/dL) and the growth (7.050 ±0.59cm) of fish subjected to LD photoperiod was significantly lower than in the other treatments. We conclude that light plays an important role in the growth, behavior and welfare of female Lambari. Besides, our data highlighted that fish submitted to a long light period present a more stressed and more aggressive status when compared to fish submitted to a continuous darkness

Resilience, perception of parental support and socio-educational intervention strategies

Introduction: Resilience is a core variable in the context of studies on the psychosocial adjustment and school children and teenagers, and should be considered in the context of strategies to promote their well- being and quality of life. Objectives: To know the relationship between resilience, parental support and some sociodemographic variables; outline socio-educational intervention strategies in contexts of children’s lives. Methods: This is a non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional study, having used a non- probabilistic convenience sample consisting of 150 children, aged between 10 and 16 years old, attending the 2nd and 3rd cycles of Basic Education. The gathering instruments were the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Inventory Measuring State and Child Resilience (Martins, 2005) and Perception Parental Support Scale (Veiga, 2011). Results: Results show that there are signiicant differences in the values of the current, past and overall resilience, between the age groups children, revealing that children aged between 10 and 11 years have higher results in resilience than young people aged between 14 and 16 years. We also observed signiicant differences in the current resilience, depending on the parents’ marital status (higher when parents are married). We also observed positive and signiicant correlations between resilience and perception of parental support. Conclusions: Results are in line with the scientiic literature in the ield that highlights the key role of resilience in school and psychosocial adjustment of children, and should be considered within the design of socio-educational intervention strategies. Keywords: Resilience. Parental support. Attachmen

Cryopreservation of semen of Thailand tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) fed diet with different oil sources

This study evaluated the quality of sperm cryopreserved with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or methanol, of Thailand tilapia (Oreochromis spp) fed diet with different oilsources. Methods: For this, 80 Thailand breeding tilapia fed diets with four sources of oil (T1: linseed oil, T2: soybean oil, T3: fish oil, T4: corn oil). No significant difference was found for the final weight, total length, rate and duration of motility of fresh sperm in the different treatments. Significant differences were observed in fish, corn and linseed oil treatment on the rate of motility relative to other different oil sources with the cryoprotectant DMSO prior to freezing.  After thawing, fish subjected to a diet supplemented with fish oil presented a significantly higher rate and duration of sperm motility. Nevertheless, for better reproductive parameters after freezing, it is recommended the use of fish oil associated with cryoprotectant methanol.This study evaluated the quality of sperm cryopreserved with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or methanol, of Thailandtilapia (Oreochromis spp.) fed diet with different oilsources. eightyThailand tilapia fed different oil sources (T1: linseed oil, T2: soybean oil, T3: fish oil, T4: corn oil) and were analyzed as for motility rate, and duration of motility in ‘fresh sperm’ and after cryopreservation. No significant difference was found for the final weight, total length, rate and duration of motility of fresh sperm in the different treatments. Significant differences were observed between fish, corn and linseed oil treatments on the rate of motility relative to other different oil sources with the cryoprotectant DMSO prior to freezing. After thawing, fish fed diet supplemented with fish oil presented a significantly higher rate and duration of sperm motility. Nevertheless, for better reproductive parameters after freezing, it is recommended the use of fish oil associated with cryoprotectant methanol.