UNITED STATES V. O\u27HAGAN: THE SUPREME COURT ABANDONS TEXTUALISM TO ADOPT THE MISAPPROPRIATION THEORY

This article analyzes the Supreme Courts ruling in United States v. O\u27Hagen holding that Section 10(b) of the Securities and Exchange Act can be applied to insider trading by corporate outsiders. The article argues that the Supreme Court incorrectly expanded the reach of the statute beyond that which Congress had intended

A source of polarization-entangled photon pairs interfacing quantum memories with telecom photons

We present a source of polarization-entangled photon pairs suitable for the implementation of long-distance quantum communication protocols using quantum memories. Photon pairs with wavelengths 883 nm and 1338 nm are produced by coherently pumping two periodically poled nonlinear waveguides embedded in the arms of a polarization interferometer. Subsequent spectral filtering reduces the bandwidth of the photons to 240 MHz. The bandwidth is well-matched to a quantum memory based on an Nd:YSO crystal, to which, in addition, the center frequency of the 883 nm photons is actively stabilized. A theoretical model that includes the effect of the filtering is presented and accurately fits the measured correlation functions of the generated photons. The model can also be used as a way to properly assess the properties of the source. The quality of the entanglement is revealed by a visibility of V = 96.1(9)% in a Bell-type experiment and through the violation of a Bell inequality.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 table

La co-intervention : un nouveau milieu de travail au service de l'efficacité et de l'équité ?

International audienceLa contribution présentée s'appuie sur une intervention recherche, conduite par notre équipe dans un collège classé en réseau ambition réussite (R.A.R.). Elle a été initiée à la demande du chef d'établissement et de l'équipe pédagogique (composée essentiellement de professeurs titulaires ayant entre trois et dix ans d'ancienneté). La demande d'intervention qui nous est adressée est double ; une aide à la mise en place de nouveaux dispositifs visant l'amélioration des performances scolaires des élèves de l'établissement, et, une aide à la coordination du travail entre des professeurs, des professeurs référents (PR) et des assistants pédagogiques (AP), ces derniers étant recrutés pour renforcer les équipes pédagogiques en place et assurer des " missions " susceptibles de mieux réaliser les objectifs annoncés par les politiques éducatives. Une première partie rappellera le cadre prescriptif et présentera globalement les effets qu'engendre la mise en place de nouveaux dispositifs sur l'organisation de l'établissement. Une deuxième partie montrera les difficultés que rencontrent les protagonistes de la co-intervention (assistants pédagogiques et professeurs) dans le développement de leur activité, en quête d'efficacité et d'équité auprès de leurs élèves. Une troisième et dernière partie discutera des rapports entre " usage de soi " (Schwartz, 2002) et renormalisation (Canguilhem, 1966) remis en mouvement par un nouveau milieu de travail

Case Study #3-13 of the Program: ''Food Policy For Developing Countries: The Role Of Government In The Global Food System''

15 pp.©Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. All rights reserved. This case study may be reproduced for educational purposes without express permission but must include acknowledgment to Cornell University. No commercial use is permitted without permission.Alcohol abuse is a global public health problem. About 50 percent of all traumatic brain injuries in the intensive care unit at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Moshi, Tanzania, involve alcohol (Kaino 2011). Interviews with stakeholders in the area have suggested that alcohol abuse is a growing problem in Moshi. Alcohol abuse is defined as the unhealthy or excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages (Government of Kenya 2010). Alcohol abuse afflicts all social groups, and alcohol abusers often hurt family members and friends, as well as themselves. Factors that contribute to alcohol abuse in Moshi include the abundance of home brewers, lifestyles that are dominated by social pressures, and traditional expectations such as the excessive consumption of alcohol at weddings, funerals, and other distinct occasions. A number of factors hinder efforts to curb this rising problem: the power of the alcohol industry; inadequate capacity to monitor alcohol production, sales, and consumption; the lack of public awareness about the risks of alcohol abuse; and the widespread availability and accessibility of alcohol in Moshi. The situation is worsened by the abundance of bars in the area as well as the sustained popularity of producing and selling traditional brews, even though the practice is illegal. The main stakeholders in developing and implementing policies to address the problem are the Tanzanian government, the Parliament, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Others include the alcohol industry, the World Health Organization, social support agencies, local bar owners, community members, and the drinking public. Here we propose policy options that aim to reduce the availability and accessibility of alcohol through laws, fiscal policies, and public health education measures. Your assignment is to use the information provided about the current alcohol abuse situation in Moshi and the relative interest and influence of the stakeholders to further evaluate the policy options. Considering feasibility and effectiveness, choose which policies would be best implemented in this particular situation, or formulate your own, and support your decision.Cornell University Division of Nutritional Science

Drivers of internationalization success:a conjoint choice experiment on German SME managers

Internationalization is a common growth strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, SMEs face several challenges within the internationalization process. As SMEs are characterized by limited resources, managers are constantly involved in a decision-making process concerning the allocation of the SMEs' resources. Therefore, internationalization can be understood as a complex, multidimensional decision process. Based on a set of 2244 internationalization decisions made by German SME managers, the present study examines how eight strategic and structural factors drive the perceived international success of SMEs. When applying conjoint choice analysis, the results suggest that especially equity financing in the internationalization process, an appropriate market selection as well as proactive motives, and a long-term scope can drive SMEs' international success. Moreover, it becomes evident that strategic factors are more relevant for successful internationalization than structural factors

Calibration-free gaze interfaces based on linear smooth pursuit

Since smooth pursuit eye movements can be used without calibration in spontaneous gaze interaction, the intuitiveness of the gaze interface design has been a topic of great interest in the human-computer interaction field. However, since most related research focuses on curved smooth-pursuit trajectories, the design issues of linear trajectories are poorly understood. Hence, this study evaluated the user performance of gaze interfaces based on linear smooth pursuit eye movements. We conducted an experiment to investigate how the number of objects (6, 8, 10, 12, or 15) and object moving speed (7.73 ˚/s vs. 12.89 ˚/s) affect the user performance in a gaze-based interface. Results show that the number and speed of the displayed objects influence users’ performance with the interface. The number of objects significantly affected the correct and false detection rates when selecting objects in the display. Participants’ performance was highest on interfaces containing 6 and 8 objects and decreased for interfaces with 10, 12, and 15 objects. Detection rates and orientation error were significantly influenced by the moving speed of displayed objects. Faster moving speed (12.89 ˚/s) resulted in higher detection rates and smaller orientation error compared to slower moving speeds (7.73 ˚/s). Our findings can help to enable a calibration-free accessible interaction with gaze interfaces.DFG, 414044773, Open Access Publizieren 2019 - 2020 / Technische Universität Berli

Les débuts dans le métier enseignant

International audienceA travers l'analyse de l'activité d'un jeune professeur d'histoire/géographie, débutant dans un collège de ZEP, le but de cette contribution est de rendre compte des effets du dispositif mis en oeuvre lors de nos interventions sur la transformation de l'activité des professeurs entrants dans le métier. Plus particulièrement, il s'agit de souligner la complexité des choix et gestes professionnels des professeurs débutants et de montrer en quoi et comment cette complexité « révélée » par le dispositif méthodologique sert de ressort au développement de l'activité. MOTS-CLÉS : activité du professeur, enseignants débutants, autoconfrontation, milieu pour l'étude/milieu de travail, apprentissage des élèves. 2 Actualité de la Recherche en Education et en Formation, Strasbourg 200

A Microglial Signature Directing Human Aging and Neurodegeneration-Related Gene Networks

Aging is regarded as a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, a better understanding of the similarities between the aging process and neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level may reveal better understanding of this detrimental relationship. In the present study, we mined publicly available gene expression datasets from healthy individuals and patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease) across a broad age spectrum and compared those with mouse aging and mouse cell-type specific gene expression profiles. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and found a gene network strongly related with both aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This network was significantly enriched with a microglial signature as imputed from cell type-specific sequencing data. Since mouse models are extensively used for the study of human diseases, we further compared these human gene regulatory networks with age-specific mouse brain transcriptomes. We discovered significantly preserved networks with both human aging and human disease and identified 17 shared genes in the top-ranked immune/microglia module, among which we found five human hub genes TYROBP, FCER1G, ITGB2, MYO1F, PTPRC, and two mouse hub genes Trem2 and C1qa. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that microglia are key players involved in human aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and suggest that mouse models should be appropriate for studying these microglial changes in human

Quantum teleportation from a telecom-wavelength photon to a solid-state quantum memory

In quantum teleportation, the state of a single quantum system is disembodied into classical information and purely quantum correlations, to be later reconstructed onto a second system that has never directly interacted with the first one. This counterintuitive phenomenon is a cornerstone of quantum information science due to its essential role in several important tasks such as the long-distance transmission of quantum information using quantum repeaters. In this context, a challenge of paramount importance is the distribution of entanglement between remote nodes, and to use this entanglement as a resource for long-distance light-to-matter quantum teleportation. Here we demonstrate quantum teleportation of the polarization state of a telecom-wavelength photon onto the state of a solid-state quantum memory. Entanglement is established between a rare-earth-ion doped crystal storing a single photon that is polarization-entangled with a flying telecom-wavelength photon. The latter is jointly measured with another flying qubit carrying the polarization state to be teleported, which heralds the teleportation. The fidelity of the polarization state of the photon retrieved from the memory is shown to be greater than the maximum fidelity achievable without entanglement, even when the combined distances travelled by the two flying qubits is 25 km of standard optical fibre. This light-to-matter teleportation channel paves the way towards long-distance implementations of quantum networks with solid-state quantum memories.Comment: 5 pages (main text) + appendix (10 pages