Hookah Smoking among Brazilian University Students: An Exploratory Survey on the Prevalence and Perceptions of Addiction and its Harmfulness

Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions of hookah use in a population of undergraduate students at a large public university in Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 1348 undergraduate students aged over 18-year-old. They completed structured questionnaires on demographic information and close-ended questions on the past and current experiences of smoking hookah. The data underwent descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression.Findings: Finally, 1298 valid survey forms were obtained from printed and digital questionnaires. More than half (53.9%) of participants reported having tried hookah at least once, however, only 10.8% reported they had experienced it within the last 30 days. The majority of the studied population presented acceptable beliefs about the harmfulness and addictive capacity of hookah smoking. However, when comparing the perceptions of those who had smoked and those who had never smoked hookah, and also, the perceptions of users and non-users, significant differences were observed. Students who were users or had already tried hookah showed a tendency to underestimate the deleterious effects of this type of smoking.Conclusion: It could be concluded that hookah smoking was common among Brazilian university students. In addition, preoccupying misperceptions of hookah’s harmfulness and addictive capacity were found. The results showed that the epidemic of hookah smoking, especially among young people, has spread far beyond the Arab world and the Persians. Accordingly, preventive measures must be taken if this population is to be protected from addiction and other serious health problems

A atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Sudeste

Bibliografia: p. 94-95Ao apresentar uma síntese da atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES (AI-BNDES) no Sudeste, o texto mostra o peso que o apoio financeiro a projetos de investimento de vários ramos industriais representa para a economia da região. Além disso, diversas questões setoriais estratégicas são discutidas.Analyzing the performance of the BNDES’ Industrial Division in the Southeast, the text shows the importance that financial support for projects in several industries represents in the region’s economy. In addition, several strategic sectorial issues are discussed

Os desafios do atendimento de pacientes com sequelas cardiovasculares decorrentes de trauma do tórax / Challenges in the care of patients with cardiovascular sequels resulting from chest trauma

Introdução: O tórax apresenta estruturas de diversos sistemas de sustentação da vida, dentre eles o respiratório e o cardiovascular. Por conter, estruturas nobres para a manutenção da vida, os potenciais para ocorrer lesões graves em decorrência de traumas são muito grandes, como dados mostram, 25% das mortes são secundárias a trauma torácico. Dentro deste contexto, questiona-se quais os desafios no atendimento de pacientes com sequelas cardiovasculares decorrentes de traumas torácicos? Portanto, esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas na assistência de saúde de pacientes com repercussões cardiovasculares devido a trauma de tórax, através da elaboração de um formulário baseado em revisão bibliográfica de dados da literatura científica publicados sobre esse tema. Metodologia: O trabalho baseia-se numa revisão integrativa de literatura, na qual foram analisados artigos publicados em revistas científicas, utilizando-se das bases de dados da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde), como: Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Resultados: Após as análises e seleção, restaram-se sete artigos para integrar a discussão. Os artigos selecionados, estão descritos na tabela, com autores, título, metodologia, resultados e conclusão. Em seguida, foi realizada uma discussão acerca destes artigos. Conclusão: Cada um dos casos revisados neste estudo demonstra a necessidade e a importância de acompanhamento cuidadoso de todos os pacientes que sofreram trauma torácico fechado, mesmo que a avaliação cardíaca inicial possa ser negativa.

Manejo clínico de grande queimado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Atualmente trabalha-se com a estimativa de que ocorrem no mundo todo 265mil mortes por ano em decorrência de acidentes envolvendo eletricidade, calor e produtos químicos, resultando em queimaduras que podem ser graves. No que se refere ao Brasil, ocorrem em média 1 milhão de acidentes por queimadura todos os anos, sendo que deste total apenas 100mil buscam atendimento hospitalar e 2.500 vítimas vem a óbito. O grande queimado caracteriza a vítima que segundo a Regra dos nove ou de Wallace, possui mais de 55 anos e apresenta 10% de sua superfície corporal queimada ou então pessoas de 10 a 55 anos que apresentam 20% ou mais da superficie corporal lesionada. Um cenário desafiador no qual o profissional de enfermagem possui papel fundamental para o tratamento, sendo responsável por intervir e se manter atento a todas as possíveis complicações decorrentes das queimaduras. O tema do manejo de grande queimado em UTI será explorado a partir de uma revisão sistemática com meta análise com o emprego das palavras chave “unidade de terapia intensiva”, “grande queimado” e “assistência de enfermagem” nos bancos de dados PubMed, BVS, Lilacs, Medline e Scielo objetivando acessar artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2022. É de fundamental importância o atendimento primário a vítima de grande queimadura, ao contribuir para uma melhor evolução do quadro do paciente e sua sobrevida. O quadro precisa ser tratado como se fosse um trauma, sendo importante avaliar os agravos para as vias aéreas, sistema circulatório, promover uma avaliação neurológica e extensão da queimadura, levando em consideração que a abordagem ideal depende do agente causador e tempo de exposição

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Brazilian South-South Scientific Collaboration and The Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract We look at Brazilian collaboration in Scientific papers based on SciVal and Incites regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. Data were collected from InCites® and SciVal® (2012-2021). Groups of Global South countries were formed (ASEAN, Asia, Africa, BRICS, Caribbean, Central and Latin America). Analyses included Cluster (Author position, impact/citations, open access, journal quartil), principal component, path and analysis of variance to see the effect of region and SDGs in Brazilian publishing. Scopus data were analysed in Vosviewer® for creating country networks through publication, citation and bibliographic coupling, as well as keyword analysis. SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) dominates all Brazilian scientific collaborations with the various country groups. While gender equality shows greater importance in ASEAN and African countries, Life Below Water (SDG14), on Land (SDG15), and Climate Action (SDG13), are important in all regions. SDGs 1, 8, 10, 12, and 16 show less importance in this collaboration overall. Brazil is relatively more active in Zero Hunger (SDG2) and Life on Land (SDG15) than worldwide. Brazil South-South collaboration in published documents shows higher impact than North South in some areas. Collaboration priorities vary by region and triangulation with countries is high depending on language and region

Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Therapies for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, causing millions of deaths annually, and is also a major cause of disability-adjusted life years. Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for approximately 10 to 27% of all cases and has a fatality rate of about 50% in the first 30 days, with limited treatment possibilities. In the past two decades, the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived cells (particularly mesenchymal stem cells and mononuclear cells) has been intensively investigated in preclinical models of different neurological diseases, including models of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. More recently, clinical studies, most of them small, unblinded, and nonrandomized, have suggested that the therapy with bone marrow-derived cells is safe and feasible in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. This review discusses the available evidence on the use of bone marrow-derived cells to treat hemorrhagic strokes. Distinctive properties of animal studies are analyzed, including study design, cell dose, administration route, therapeutic time window, and possible mechanisms of action. Furthermore, clinical trials are also reviewed and discussed, with the objective of improving future studies in the field