Cabbage production in function of castor bean cake doses in top dressing

The researches with organic fertilization in top dressing in production of vegetables are rare, thereby, the objective of this study was to evaluate castor bean cake doses in top dressing in cabbage production. Seven treatments, six castor bean cake doses in top dressing (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 and 250 g m-2) and an inorganic control with ammonium sulphate (11.5 g m-2 of N) and potassium chloride (5.4 g m-2 of K2O) in top dressing were evaluated, in randomized blocks experimental design, with five replicates. Before planting it was made fertilization with organic compost (20 t ha-1) and inorganic NPK fertilizer (4-14-8) (1 t ha-1), only in inorganic control. The characteristics evaluated were: cabbage head diameter, height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of cabbage. The application of castor bean cake in top dressing increased the diameter, height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of cabbage, with maximum values of 164 mm, 109 mm, 30 leaves, 1470 g and 103 g, respectively. The average fresh and dry weight obtained in the two highest doses of castor bean cake did not differ from the inorganic control, proving the technical viability of its using. Therefore, it can be recommended application of at least 200 g m-2 of castor bean cake in top dressing for cabbage production.The researches with organic fertilization in top dressing in production of vegetables are rare, thereby, the objective of this study was to evaluate castor bean cake doses in top dressing in cabbage production. Seven treatments, six castor bean cake doses in top dressing (0; 50; 100; 150; 200 and 250 g m-2) and an inorganic control with ammonium sulphate (11.5 g m-2 of N) and potassium chloride (5.4 g m-2 of K2O) in top dressing were evaluated, in randomized blocks experimental design, with five replicates. Before planting it was made fertilization with organic compost (20 t ha-1) and inorganic NPK fertilizer (4-14-8) (1 t ha-1), only in inorganic control. The characteristics evaluated were: cabbage head diameter, height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of cabbage. The application of castor bean cake in top dressing increased the diameter, height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of cabbage, with maximum values of 164 mm, 109 mm, 30 leaves, 1470 g and 103 g, respectively. The average fresh and dry weight obtained in the two highest doses of castor bean cake did not differ from the inorganic control, proving the technical viability of its using. Therefore, it can be recommended application of at least 200 g m-2 of castor bean cake in top dressing for cabbage production

TESTE DE CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL FISIOLÓGICO DE SEMENTES DE BRÓCOLIS

A pesquisa foi realizada com objetivo de avaliar o efeito do volume de água e do período de embebição sobre os resultados do teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de brócolis. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com três lotes de sementes de brócolis e quatro repetições. As sementes foram classificadas em diferentes níveis de vigor, em função do teste padrão de germinação realizado anteriormente. Para o teste de condutividade elétrica foram utilizadas 50 sementes por repetição a 25ºC, sendo avaliados dois volumes de água destilada: 25 e 50 mL. As leituras foram realizadas após períodos de 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 e 24 horas, com valores expressos em µS cm-1 g-1. Os volumes de água não influenciaram a classificação dos lotes de sementes, embora o volume de 25 mL tenha apresentado maiores valores. Apenas nas leituras realizadas com 1 e 2 horas de embebição foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os lotes, seguindo a mesma tendência do teste de germinação, o que acabou não ocorrendo para as avaliações realizadas a partir de 3 horas. Menores períodos de embebição são mais eficientes para detectar diferenças no vigor de sementes de brócolis

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Potential of Philodendron Bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl

Many of the species used in popular medicine do not have their biological activities already proven by scientific studies. Among these species, the endemic South American Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl deserves special attention since it is already in use in popular medicine for inflammation cases, such as erysipelas, orchitis and ulcers. This study evaluated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities of extracts of the hastes de P. bipinnatifidum. The ethanolic extract showed a significant antioxidant potential. The ethyl acetate extract resulted in high antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes. The most significant biological activity of ethyl acetate extract relates to its chemical composition when compared with ethanolic extract, which showed the highest concentration of bioactive compounds. In vitro antidiabetic activity was only evaluated for ethyl acetate extract, resulting in inhibition of intestinal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrase) at concentration of 500 μg/mL

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Efeito do composto orgânico e adubação potássica em atributos do solo e da beterraba

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da beterraba à doses de composto orgânico e adubação potássica em cobertura, e o efeito destes em atributos do solo. Foi realizado um experimento na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel (FCA/UNESP), localizada em São Manuel-SP, com 10 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, e delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de composto orgânico (0; 20; 40; 60 e 80 t ha-1) na presença (60 kg ha-1 de K2O) e ausência da adubação potássica em cobertura. Para todos os tratamentos foi feita adubação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no plantio, de acordo com a análise de solo. As características avaliadas foram: propriedades químicas do solo ao longo do ciclo, características vegetativas (altura; número de folhas; massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, raiz e da planta e área foliar) ao longo do ciclo, acúmulo e exportação de macronutrientes (nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre) e produção (massa média, produtividade, diâmetro e comprimento das raízes). As doses de composto orgânico proporcionaram efeito positivo nas propriedades químicas do solo durante todas as épocas avaliadas. A ordem decrescente dos macronutrientes exportados pelas raízes de beterraba foi: potássio > nitrogênio > fósforo > magnésio > enxofre > cálcio. A ordem decrescente dos macronutrientes acumulados pela planta foi: potássio > nitrogênio > magnésio > cálcio > fósforo > enxofre. O período de maior demanda para a maioria dos macronutrientes foi dos 29 aos 43 dias após o transplante (DAT). Para produção, observou-se efeito quadrático para as doses de composto com máxima produtividade com 52 t ha-1. A adubação potássica em cobertura não proporcionou aumento na produção, indicando que a adubação potássica de plantio foi suficiente para suprir a demanda de potássioThe aim of this work was to evaluate the response of beet in function organic compost levels and potassium fertilization, and their effects on soil properties. The experiment was conducted at São Manuel Experimental Farm (FCA/UNESP), in São Manuel- SP, with 10 treatments in factorial scheme 5x2, and randomized complete blocks design, with four replications. Five compost levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha-1) were evaluated in the presence (60 kg ha-1 of K2O) and absence of potassium fertilization in coverage. For all treatments was done fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at planting, according to soil analysis. The characteristics evaluated were: soil chemical properties during the cycle, vegetative characteristics (height; number of leaves; fresh and dry weight of shoot, root and total plant; and leaf area) during the cycle, accumulation and exportation of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur) and production (fresh weight, yield, root length and diameter). The organic compost levels provide positive effects on the soil chemical properties during all periods evaluated. The order of nutrients exported by the beet roots was: potassium > nitrogen > phosphorous > magnesium > sulfur > calcium. The order of nutrients accumulated in the beet plant was: potassium> nitrogen> magnesium > calcium > phosphorus > sulfur. The period with the biggest demand for most of macronutrients was from 29 to 43 days after transplantation (DAT). For production, it was observed quadratic effect for compost levels with the highest yield with 52 t ha-1. Potassium fertilization in coverage did not provide increase in production, indicating that potassium fertilization at planting was sufficient to support the demand of potassium for beet

Doses de composto orgânico na produção e qualidade de sementes de brócolis

Devido à escassez de informações relacionadas ao efeito da adubação na produção e qualidade de sementes de hortaliças, principalmente nas espécies que possuem aumento no ciclo com o estádio reprodutivo, nota-se a necessidade de determinar a dose dos nutrientes para auxiliar na recomendação que proporcione elevada produção de sementes com alto potencial fisiológico. Embora existam estudos sobre nutrição e recomendações de adubação para o cultivo comercial de brócolis, raramente se encontram trabalhos que abordem os efeitos dos nutrientes, além do tipo e doses de adubação na produção e qualidade de sementes. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da adubação orgânica na produção e qualidade de sementes de brócolis. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda São Manuel e as avaliações foram feitas no Setor de Horticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP) em Botucatu-SP. Os tratamentos foram quatro doses de composto orgânico (30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1 em base seca), além da testemunha sem composto orgânico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características vegetativas das plantas, intensidade de cor verde, teor de nutrientes nas folhas, acúmulo de nutrientes pelas sementes, produção em massa (g) e número de sementes por planta; além das características relacionadas com a qualidade das sementes: massa de mil sementes, teste padrão de germinação, primeira contagem do teste padrão de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), condutividade elétrica, emergência em bandeja, índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE), e características relacionadas com as mudas obtidas através das sementes colhidas neste experimento. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas para as características vegetativas...Due to lack of information about the fertilization effect in vegetable seed quality and yield, mainly in the species that have an increase in cycle due to reproductive stage, it is necessary to evaluate the nutrient level to aid in recommending fertilization that provides best productivity from high physiological potential seeds. Although there are studies about nutrition and recommendation of fertilization to broccoli, rarely it finds out works that approach the nutrients effects in seed quality and yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the organic compost levels influence in broccoli seed quality and yield. The experiment was lead at São Manuel Experimental Farm and the evaluations at Horticulture Sector in Agronomic Science School (FCA/UNESP) in Botucatu-SP. The treatments were four organic compost levels (30, 60, 90 and 120 t ha-1), and control without organic compost. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The vegetative characteristics of plants, green color intensity, nutrient content in leaves, accumulation of nutrients by seed, mass production (g) and number of seeds per plant, in addition to the features related to seed quality: mass of a thousand seeds, germination test, first count of germination, speed of germination index (IVG), electrical conductivity, emergency in tray, emergency speed index (IVE), and features associated with seedlings obtained from the seeds harvested in this experiment were evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in the vegetative characteristics of plants, as well as the green color intensity and content of nutrients of the leaves depending on the level of organic compost. The descending order of the nutrients accumulated in seeds was: nitrogen > sulfur > phosphorus > potassium > calcium magnesium > iron > zinc > manganese > boron > copper. It was observed a linear increasing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES