In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Cholinesterase Inhibition by Alkaloids Obtained from Branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler

Alkaloids are natural products known as ethnobotanicals that have attracted increasing attention due to a wide range of their pharmacological properties. In this study, cholinesterase inhibitors were obtained from branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler (Menispermaceae), an endemic species from the Amazonian rainforest. Five alkaloids were isolated, and their structure was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS, and high-resolution MS: Lindoldhamine isomer m/z 569.2674 (1), stepharine m/z 298.1461 (2), palmatine m/z 352.1616 (3), 5-N-methylmaytenine m/z 420.2669 (4) and the N-trans-feruloyltyramine m/z 314.1404 (5). The compounds 1, 3, and 5 were isolated from A. panurensis for the first time. Interaction of the above-mentioned alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes was investigated in silico by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The molecules under investigation were able to bind effectively with the active sites of the AChE and BChE enzymes. The compounds 1-4 demonstrated in vitro an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values in the range of 19.55 mu M to 61.24 mu M. The data obtained in silico corroborate the results of AChE enzyme inhibition.Peer reviewe

Factors associated with prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits in two cohorts of Brazilian children

Abstract Background Non-nutritive sucking habits (NNSH) are very common during childhood. However, if these habits were maintained for 36 months of age or more, they are considered to be prolonged (PNNSH) and can cause occlusal, physiological and esthetic changes. There is controversy about their prevalence and whether perinatal, social, demographic and health characteristics influence their onset and duration. So, the objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of PNNSH and to evaluate perinatal, early life and school age factors associated with their occurrence in children. Methods A sample of 1,463 children aged 7–11 years born in Ribeirão Preto (RP-1994) and São Luís (SL-1997/98), Brazil, was reevaluated at school age in 2004/05. Birth weight, gestational age and perinatal variables were obtained at birth. Type of feeding, occurrence and duration of finger and pacifier sucking were recorded retrospectively at school age. PNNSH were defined when persisted for 36 months of age or more. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression (alpha = 5%). Results Prevalence of PNNSH was higher in RP (47.6%) than in SL (20.2%) – (p < 0.001). Perinatal variables were not associated to PNNSH, whilst female sex (PR = 1.27 in RP; PR = 1.47 in SL) and bottle feeding for 24 months or more (PR = 2.24 in RP; PR = 2.49 in SL) were risk factors in both locations. Breast feeding for 12 months or more (PR = 0.53 in RP; PR = 0.31 in SL) was associated with lower prevalence of PNNSH in both places. In SL, children whose mothers lived in consensual union (PR = 1.62) and worked outside the home (PR = 1.51) showed higher prevalence of PNNSH compared to their counterparts. Conclusions Prevalence of PNNSH was high especially in RP and was not associated with perinatal variables. In both cities there was an association between female sex, shorter breast-feeding duration, longer bottle feeding duration and higher prevalence of PNNSH.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109521/1/12889_2013_Article_6874.pd

Clamidiose em animais silvestres

Uma das principais afecções que acomete aves ornamentais, mais especificamente psitacídeos, é a clamidiose, doença causada por uma bactéria Gram-negativa intracelular obrigatória intitulada Chlamydophila psittaci. Tal doença é uma zoonose aviária, no animal pode permanecer inaparente ou causar de sintomas leves a fatais, em humanos os sintomas são similares aos da Influenza podendo progredir para quadros graves. Seu meio de transmissão é através da inalação de excretas e secreções contaminadas. Ademais, a forma inaparente da doença pode se manter no organismo da ave durante um longo período, favorecendo a contaminação de animais e humanos, entretanto, quando submetida a alguma condição de estresse, a ave poderá começar apresentar os sintomas da doença. Um fator problemático é o difícil diagnóstico, fazendo com que os reais números de infecção não sejam relatados, desprezando-se os riscos da doença

O perfil das mulheres que realizam o exame preventivo no consultório escola da Universidade Veiga de Almeida no período de outubro de 2018 a outubro de 2019

General Objectives: To describe the profile of women who undergo the preventive examination in the office of the Veiga de Almeida University campus Cabo Cold, based on data on occupation, age, marital status and year of the last preventive examination. Specific Objectives: To identify the characteristics of women attended at the university office at the Veiga de Almeida University, Cabo Frio campus; determine the profile of women who undergo preventive examination; to compare the mean age of the women attended and the frequency with what the Ministry of Health recommends for carrying out preventive measures.Objetivos Gerais: Descrever o perfil das mulheres que realizam o exame preventivo no consultório escola da Universidade Veiga de Almeida campus Cabo frio a partir dos dados de ocupação, idade, estado civil e ano do último preventivo. Objetivos Específicos: Identificar as características das mulheres atendidas no consultório escola da Universidade Veiga de Almeida campus Cabo Frio; determinar o perfil das mulheres que realizam o exame preventivo; comparar as médias de idade das mulheres atendidas e a periodicidade com o que o Ministério da Saúde preconiza para a realização do preventivo

O perfil das mulheres que realizam o exame preventivo no consultório escola da Universidade Veiga de Almeida no período de outubro de 2018 a outubro de 2019

General Objectives: To describe the profile of women who undergo the preventive examination in the office of the Veiga de Almeida University campus Cabo Cold, based on data on occupation, age, marital status and year of the last preventive examination. Specific Objectives: To identify the characteristics of women attended at the university office at the Veiga de Almeida University, Cabo Frio campus; determine the profile of women who undergo preventive examination; to compare the mean age of the women attended and the frequency with what the Ministry of Health recommends for carrying out preventive measures.Objetivos Gerais: Descrever o perfil das mulheres que realizam o exame preventivo no consultório escola da Universidade Veiga de Almeida campus Cabo frio a partir dos dados de ocupação, idade, estado civil e ano do último preventivo. Objetivos Específicos: Identificar as características das mulheres atendidas no consultório escola da Universidade Veiga de Almeida campus Cabo Frio; determinar o perfil das mulheres que realizam o exame preventivo; comparar as médias de idade das mulheres atendidas e a periodicidade com o que o Ministério da Saúde preconiza para a realização do preventivo

Cinerascetins, new peptides from Hypsiboas cinerascens : MALDI LIFT-TOF-MS/MS de novo sequence and imaging analysis

The continuous search for antimicrobial candidates pushes the pursuit of compounds in the most diverse organisms. Amphibians are known as a prolific source of antibacterial peptides. Based on the rich biodiversity of the Amazon region the unexplored green-tree frog (Hypsiboas cinerascens) was studied for its skin secretion peptide content. Chromatographic separations and established tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods were used for sequencing the primary structures of the purified compounds. De novo sequencing lead to the identification of five new peptides related to hylaseptin P1, displaying an aminated C-terminal. Sequencing of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) analysis allowed the disambiguation of isobaric amino-acids for C-01. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) was carried out, demonstrating the in situ co-occurrence of the identified peptides in the dorsal skin. The major peptide C-01 was synthesized and assayed against a selection of microorganisms displaying minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 4 to 16 µM

Avanços na Profilaxia Pós-Exposição ao HIV: Uma Revisão Abrangente de Regimes Terapêuticos e Desenvolvimentos Recentes

This research project aims to conduct a critical analysis of the literature on therapeutic regimens for post-exposure prophylaxis to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The literature review will span the last decade and be carried out on renowned databases such as SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, and Cochrane Library. Using relevant descriptors such as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, diagnosis, and treatment, the research will seek observational studies, case-control studies, prospective studies, and government documents. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical evolution over time, efficacy, safety, tolerability, and major divergences in post-exposure prophylaxis regimens for HIV. The study is relevant to update healthcare professionals and individuals at risk about the latest practices in this field, contributing to the effective prevention of HIV infection.Este projeto de pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica da literatura sobre os regimes terapêuticos para a profilaxia pós-exposição ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). A revisão bibliográfica abrangerá o período dos últimos dez anos e será conduzida nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, LILACS e Cochrane Library. Utilizando descritores relevantes como Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), prophylaxis, antiretroviral therapy, diagnóstico e tratamento, a pesquisa buscará estudos observacionais, estudos caso-controle, estudos prospectivos e documentos governamentais. A revisão visa fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre a evolução técnica ao longo do tempo, eficácia, segurança, tolerabilidade e principais divergências nos regimes de profilaxia pós-exposição ao HIV. O estudo tem relevância para atualizar profissionais de saúde e indivíduos em risco sobre as práticas mais recentes nesse campo, contribuindo assim para a prevenção efetiva da infecção pelo HIV

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio