Anatomia descritiva comparativa da artéria femoral de cachorro-do-mato, raposa-do-campo e lobo-guará

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes.The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches – the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery – are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present

Epidemiological screening of pathogenicity factors associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated in uroculture of hospitalized neonates in the lakes region from Rio de Janeiro.

The discovery of antimicrobials revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, as they are drugs that contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality rates associated with infectious diseases (JANEBRO, et al., 2008). However, the irrational use of antimicrobial drugs represents one of the main concerns worldwide, since the misuse of these drugs accelerates the natural process of bacteria resistance to antibiotics (ZIMERMAN, 2010). In view of all these problems, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of resistance of bacteria identified in the urine culture of neonates who are hospitalized, based on the records of the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of a hospital in the lakes region from Rio de Janeiro. To do so, we used the following methodologies: (i) literature review for contextualization of the problem and basis for discussion; (ii) and monitoring of a descriptive observational study that had as instrument the reports of records containing results of urine culture and antibiogram of neonatal patients, referring to the period from January 2020 to September 2021. The results showed a higher incidence of Escherichia coli (44% - 2020; 56% - 2021) among the microorganisms isolated in the analyzed urine cultures, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14% - 2020; 28% - 2021). Antimicrobials from the β-lactam group caused high bacterial resistance, among the strains of different microorganisms analyzed, increasingly indicating the need for the replacement of these drugs in the clinic, in order to choose a better therapy for the patient. As in any infectious pathology, to establish appropriate prevention and treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections, effective and continuous research is needed, with the goal of defining in detail the etiology and profile of bacterial resistance in regional, national, and international standards. It is hoped that these new data profiling the level of resistance in which microorganisms isolated from neonatal patients admitted under hospital regimen are found will be of great value to the academic community and to health professionals, providing users with increasingly accurate and quality treatment.The discovery of antimicrobials revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, as they are drugs that contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality rates associated with infectious diseases (JANEBRO, et al., 2008). However, the irrational use of antimicrobial drugs represents one of the main concerns worldwide, since the misuse of these drugs accelerates the natural process of bacteria resistance to antibiotics (ZIMERMAN, 2010). In view of all these problems, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of resistance of bacteria identified in the urine culture of neonates who are hospitalized, based on the records of the Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of a hospital in the lakes region from Rio de Janeiro. To do so, we used the following methodologies: (i) literature review for contextualization of the problem and basis for discussion; (ii) and monitoring of a descriptive observational study that had as instrument the reports of records containing results of urine culture and antibiogram of neonatal patients, referring to the period from January 2020 to September 2021. The results showed a higher incidence of Escherichia coli (44% - 2020; 56% - 2021) among the microorganisms isolated in the analyzed urine cultures, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14% - 2020; 28% - 2021). Antimicrobials from the β-lactam group caused high bacterial resistance, among the strains of different microorganisms analyzed, increasingly indicating the need for the replacement of these drugs in the clinic, in order to choose a better therapy for the patient. As in any infectious pathology, to establish appropriate prevention and treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections, effective and continuous research is needed, with the goal of defining in detail the etiology and profile of bacterial resistance in regional, national, and international standards. It is hoped that these new data profiling the level of resistance in which microorganisms isolated from neonatal patients admitted under hospital regimen are found will be of great value to the academic community and to health professionals, providing users with increasingly accurate and quality treatment

Bioinformatics of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis EST Project

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, an endemic mycosis of Latin America. This fungus presents a dimorphic character; it grows as a mycelium at room temperature, but it is isolated as yeast from infected individuals. It is believed that the transition from mycelium to yeast is important for the infective process. The Functional and Differential Genome of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Project - PbGenome Project was developed to study the infection process by analyzing expressed sequence tags - ESTs, isolated from both mycelial and yeast forms. The PbGenome Project was executed by a consortium that included 70 researchers (professors and students) from two sequencing laboratories of the midwest region of Brazil; this project produced 25,741 ESTs, 19,718 of which with sufficient quality to be analyzed. We describe the computational procedures used to receive process, analyze these ESTs, and help with their functional annotations; we also detail the services that were used for sequence data exploration. Various programs were compared for filtering and grouping the sequences, and they were adapted to a user-friendly interface. This system made the analysis of the differential transcriptome of P. brasiliensis possible

PAPEL DAS CITOCINAS CUTÂNEAS DA PSORÍASE E GRAVIDEZ: UMA PERSPECTIVA IMUNOLÓGICA

Introduction: The relationship between pregnancy and psoriasis is observed, as several studies and research indicate a direct relationship, in which immunological variations generated by pregnancy end up affecting and influencing the aforementioned disease. Those responsible for the skin's immunological reactions are Cytokines. Objective: Understand how Cytokine proteins act in relation to psoriasis in pregnant women. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out covering the years from January 2003 to December 2023. The study was based and guided by the question mentioned throughout the article. Results: Starting from the point that pregnant women present several immunological changes so that they can generate sustainability for the growth of the fetus, an increase in the number of so-called anti-inflammatory cytokines is noted, for example beta (TGF), which can reduce the psoriasis inflammation process. On the other hand, there are other types of Cytokine proteins that end up triggering and aggravating peeling and inflammatory lesions. Conclusion: Pregnant women end up having limitations to psoriasis treatments, since in most cases a personalized care strategy plan is needed according to the individual's clinical status and insurance so that it is possible that no type of complication occurs.Introdução: Observa-se a relação da gravidez com psoríase, já que diversos estudos e pesquisas apontam uma relação direta, na qual as variações imunológicas geradas pela gestação acaba afetando e influenciando na doença citada. As responsáveis pelas reações imunológicas da pele são as Citocinas. Objetivo: Compreender como as proteínas de Citocinas atuam em relação a psoríase em gestantes. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura abrangendo os anos de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2023. O estudo teve como base e norteamento a pergunta citada no decorrer do artigo. Resultados: Partindo do ponto que a mulher grávida apresenta diversas mudanças imunológicas para que consiga gerar sustentabilidade ao crescimento do feto, nota-se uma elevação do número das chamadas citocinas anti-inflamatórias, por exemplo da beta (TGF), a qual pode reduzir o processo de inflamação da psoríase. Por outro lado, existem outros tipos de proteínas de Citocinas que acabam desencadeando e agravando lesões descamadas e inflamatórias. Conclusão: As mulheres gestantes acabam possuindo limitações aos tratamentos da psoríase, uma vez que na maioria dos casos é preciso um plano de estratégia de cuidado personalizado de acordo com estado clínico do indivíduo e seguro para que seja possível que não ocorra nenhum tipo de intercorrência

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Inclusão de LGBT’s nas políticas de ações afirmativas das universidades e o caminho (não) percorrido pela UFAM

The configuration of the contemporary Human Rights depicts, above all, the recognition of the differences, regardless of the nature. The discussion of the policies of the student in the context of a university involves the perspective of effective struggle or rights in this universe that should be plural and inclusive. In the meantime, subscribe to the present article, which aims to conduct a survey of public policies and affirmative actions targeted to the LGBT population of some public universities in Brazil and compare them with the Federal Universityof Amazonas -UFAM. For the discussion, it is relevant to debate the need for affirmative actions and institutional policies geared to the LGBT population; identify programs and policies that already have applicability in other universities and, finally, compare the policies and affirmative actions, as well as their absences, with what is being done and accomplished in the Federal University of Amazonas. The path methodology involves a survey of the nature of the documentary and on the portals of the E-MEC (Ministério da Educação), in addition to request information via the Sistema Eletrônico Do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (E-SIC), belonging to the Brazilian Government. As results, it isclear that few universities have specific policies for people LGBT's, but also do not have incentives to do research on the subject. In relation to the UFAM, the performance wassimilarperformance than theothersuniversities surveyed in the promotion when the subject is theaffirmative actions. The reflections of the research are intended to enhance possibilities of programs and projects, which can be discussed within the framework of the UFAM, in relation to the construction of Political, Student, and meet also the demands of the LGBT segmentA configuração dos Direitos Humanos na contemporaneidade retrata, sobretudo, o reconhecimento das diferenças, independente da natureza. A discussão das políticas estudantis no âmbito das universidades já envolve a perspectiva efetiva de luta por direitos nesse universo que deveria ser plural e inclusivo. Nesse ínterim, subscreve-se o presente artigo, que objetivarealizar um levantamento das políticas públicas e ações afirmativas direcionadas à população LGBT de algumas universidades públicas brasileiras e compará-las com a Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Para a discussão, faz-se relevante aindadiscutir a necessidade de ações afirmativas e políticas institucionais voltadas para a população LGBT; conhecer programas e políticas que já tem aplicabilidade em outras universidades e, por fim, comparar as políticas e ações afirmativas, bem como suas ausências, com o que está sendo realizado e efetivado na Universidade Federal do Amazonas. O caminho metodológico envolve uma pesquisa de cunho documental e nos portais do E-MEC (Ministério da Educação),além de solicitação de informação através do Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao cidadão (E-SIC), pertencente ao Governo Brasileiro.Como resultados, percebe-se que poucas universidades possuem políticas específicas para pessoas LGBT’s,como também não possuem incentivos àpesquisa sobre a temática. Em relação àUFAM observa-se um desempenho semelhante ao da maioria das universidades pesquisadas na promoção de ações afirmativas. As reflexões da pesquisa pretendem fomentar possibilidades de programas e projetos, que podem ser discutidos no âmbito da UFAM, no quese refere àconstrução de Políticas Estudantis eatendam também as demandas do segmento LGB

In Vivo Safety and Efficacy of Chalcone-Loaded Microparticles with Modified Polymeric Matrix against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Current chemotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on repeated systemic or intralesional administration of drugs that often cause severe toxicity. Previously, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) loaded with 8% of the nitrochalcone CH8 (CH8/PLGA) prepared by a conventional bench method. Aiming at an industrially scalable process and increased drug loading, new MPs were prepared by spray drying: CH8/PDE with PLGA matrix and CH8/PVDE with PLGA + polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix, both with narrower size distribution and higher drug loading (18%) than CH8/PLGA. Animal studies were conducted to evaluate their clinical feasibility. Both MP types induced transient local swelling and inflammation, peaking at 1–2 days, following a single intralesional injection. Different from CH8/PDE that released 90% of the drug in the ear tissue in 60 days, CH8/PVDE achieved that in 30 days. The therapeutic efficacy of a single intralesional injection was evaluated in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and golden hamsters infected with L. (Viannia) braziliensis. CH8/PVDE promoted greater reduction in parasite burden than CH8/PDE or CH8/PLGA, measured at one month and two months after the treatment. Thus, addition of PVP to PLGA MP matrix accelerates drug release in vivo and increases its therapeutic effect against CL

Thiocarbonyl-bound metallonitrosyl complexes with visible-light induced DNA cleavage and promising vasodilation activity

CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICONitric oxide has been involved in many key biological processes such as vasodilation, platelet aggregation, apoptosis, memory function, and this has drawn attention to the development of exogenous NO donors. Metallonitrosyl complexes are an important clas1828391CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informação303732/2014-8312030/2015-0The authors thank CENAUREM-UFC and CENAPAD-UFC for NMR and DFT facilities, respectively. Additionally we are thankful to CAPES, CNPq (L. G. F. Lopes 303732/2014-8, E. H. S. Sousa 312030/2015-0, Edital Universal 01/2016 403866/2016-2), FUNCAP (PPSUS 12535

Comparative descriptive anatomy of the femoral artery in crab-eating fox, hoary fox and maned wolf

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes.The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches – the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery – are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present