Criptas descubiertas y fronteras borrosas en milkman de Anna burns

Drawing primarily on the work of Derrida, this paper provides an analysis of Belfast writer Anna Burns’ award-winning novel Milkman (2018) from the perspectives of secrecy, hauntology and the crypt, with the aim of offering new insights into the ungraspable haunting effects of trans-generational trauma. Two literary applications of the crypt are studied: a severed cat’s head found by the protagonist in the so called ‘ten-minute area’, and cryptic letters stuffed inside an old ragdoll and hidden in plain sight. I propose that the speculative conclusions reached as a result of this study not only allow for a sharper (re)reading of the novel itself, but also work towards the deconstruction of real and symbolic borders.Basándose principalmente en el trabajo de Derrida, este artículo ofrece un análisis de la premiada novela Milkman (2018), de la escritora de Belfast Anna Burns, desde la perspectiva del secreto, la hauntología y la cripta, con el objetivo de ofrecer nuevos conocimientos sobre los inasibles y persistentes efectos del trauma transgeneracional. Se estudian dos aplicaciones literarias de la cripta: una cabeza de gato cercenada encontrada por la protagonista en el lugar llamado el “área de los diez minutos”, y cartas crípticas metidas dentro de un viejo muñeco de trapo y escondidas a plena vista. Propongo que las conclusiones especulativas a las que se llega como resultado de este estudio no solo permiten una (re)lectura más aguda de la novela en sí, sino que también sugieren la deconstrucción de fronteras, tanto reales como simbólica

Feeding the Nineteenth-Century Baby: Implications for Museum Collections

This paper discusses the implications inherent in different methods of infant feeding in the Western world c. 1700-1900, within the context of the historiography of the last ten years. A n account of how infants were fed in the nineteenth century is interwoven with the evidence for what occurred in Ontario. This evidence is both archival and artifactual. The objects discussed and illustrated are in the collections of the Museum of the History of Medicine in Toronto. Artifactual evidence of infant feeding practices is particularly vulnerable. Objects made of glass break easily, and infancy itself lasts only a short time. At best, the objects once abandoned are hard to recognize and therefore ignored. An examination of the artifacts suggests their manner of use and possible difficulties, problems, or advantages associated wit h them. These observations can be used to test hypotheses about implications of infant feeding practices based solely on archival evidence. Résumé Dans le cadre de l'historiographie des dix dernières années, ce document tire des conclusions sur les différentes méthodes d'alimentation des nourrissons en Occident pour la période couvrant les années 1700 à 1900. Une histoire de ces méthodes d'alimentation doit nécessairement utiliser des sources de documentation ontariennes, à savoir des archives et des témoins matériels. Les objets étudiés et illustrés dans cette monographie proviennent du Museum of the History of Medicine à Toronto. Les témoins matériels de ces méthodes d'alimentation des nourrissons sont particulièrement fragiles: les objets de verre cassent facilement et la période de la petite enfance ne dure pas longtemps. Au mieux, on ne tient pas compte de ces objets qui, une fois laissés de côté, sont difficiles à identifier. Un examen de ces témoins matériels en révèle la méthode d'utilisation ainsi que les avantages, les problèmes et les difficultés probables qui leur sont liés. Ces observations peuvent servir à vérifier les hypothèses sur les conclusions à tirer des méthodes d'alimentation des nourrissons, hypothèses fondées exclusivement sur des documents d'archives

The Music of Rene Drouard de Bousset (1703-1760): a Source Study and Stylistic Survey, with Emphasis on His Sacred Output

Rene Drouard de Bousset (1703-1760) was an admired composer and an organist of renown. This thesis examines this musician's life and work, and attempts to bring Bousset's music, hitherto largely unknown, to the attention of musicologists and performers today. Primarily a source study, the thesis makes a survey of all known copies of Bousset's published works, addressing questions of dates, reprints and corrections. Historical context and musical style are also discussed. Particular emphasis is given to Bousset's sacred music in the French language two volumes of sacred cantatas and eight settings of Odes sacrees by Jean-Baptiste Rousseau - and its place within the French tradition of Psalm paraphrase settings. The figure of J.B. Rousseau is also examined, as the librettist of Bousset's Odes, and as an important literary contributor to French music at the turn of the eighteenth century. The source study is supplemented by a catalogue in the style of the PhilidorOeuvres database produced by the Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles, containing all Bousset's known works, extant and lost. This exposition of Bousset's compositional output is prefaced by a biographical overview assembled principally from eighteenth century publications and archival documents. Volume II of this thesis comprises a critical performing edition of Bousset's first volume of Cantates spirituelles (1739)

Optimising medicines use by South Asian and Middle Eastern groups in a primary care setting in the UK: validation of a tool to identify medicine-related problems

The ethnic minority groups (EMGs) are perceived to be more prone to medicine-related problems (MRPs) than the general population in United Kingdom. There is, therefore, a need for improved detection and prevention of MRPs in EMGs, such as South Asians (SA) and Middle Eastern (ME) populations, to avoid unnecessary GP visits and potential hospital admissions. In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected in 80 face-to-face semi-structured interviews using Gordon’s MRPs tool from seven pharmacies in London. The study involved patients aged over 18 from SA/ME origins who were prescribed three or more medicines. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using Gordon’s coding frame and Nvivo 10. All issues under each of the main themes were explored and compared in an attempt to systematically adapt the Gordon’s MRPs tool for SA/ME populations. Some modifications were made to the original Gordon’s MRPs questionnaire to capture patients’ views regarding the use of medicines and the access to services. This also helped in identifying MRPs specific to SA/ME populations and proposing recommendations to address them. This included targeted medication use reviews (MURs), and tailored interventions to patients’ needs in improving medication use and access to services

A Clean, Green New Zealand? An In-Depth Look at the Personal Experiences of Animal Rights Activists

This study explored personal experiences of animal rights and environmental activists in New Zealand. The stories of participants provided insight into the challenges activists face in a country where the economy is heavily dependent on animal agriculture. A qualitative methodology was utilised and several major themes emerged: (1) emotional and psychological experiences, (2) group membership, (3) characteristics of activism and liberation, (4) the law and its agents, and (5) challenge to society. Participants of the study represent a group of individuals engaged in acts of altruistic offending triggered by exposure to the suffering of non-human animals. Their moral philosophy and conscience overrode all considerations for legal repercussions, and through their activism they not only challenged the status quo, but also called upon non-activist members of society to make meaningful contributions to the world around them

Role of fibrinogen and fibrin D-dimer in peripheral arterial disease

This thesis is composed of two studies. The principal aim of the first study, the Sites of Atheroma Study, was to determine whether plasma fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and other haemostatic factors (von Willebrand Factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor - type I) were related to the angiographic site and severity of atherosclerosis in the arteries of the lower limb. The principal aim of the second study, the Prognostic Study of Intermittent Claudication, was to determine whether plasma fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and other haemostatic factors (von Willebrand Factor and tissue plasminogen activator), were related to the future incidence of atherothrombotic events, and deterioration of peripheral arterial disease in subjects with intermittent claudication. The study samples in both studies consisted of men and women with ischaemic symptoms in the lower limb referred to the Peripheral Vascular Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. In the Sites of Atheroma Study, 192 patients referred for angiography were categorised by site and severity of peripheral atherosclerosis using the Bollinger angiographic scoring system. A clinical examination was conducted on each patient including the administration of a questionnaire and taking of a blood sample for the measurement of haemostatic factors. In the Prognostic Study, 607 patients with intermittent claudication who had had a comprehensive examination at baseline, including measurement of haemostatic factors, were followed up over six years to determine the incidence of fatal and non-fatal ischaemic heart disease and stroke and deterioration of peripheral arterial disease. Follow-up data were obtained from hospital records, general practitioners, self-administered questionnaires, the Information and Statistics division of the Common Services Agency and the Scottish National Health Service Central Registry. Results from the Sites of Atheroma Study indicated that 34 (17.7%) patients had predominantly aorto-iliac disease, 85 (44.3%) had femoro-popliteal disease and 73 (38.0%) had dual-site disease. There were no significant differences in the mean levels of the haemostatic factors between patients with disease affecting different sites. An independent relationship was found between nephelometric fibrinogen and between fibrin D-dimer and disease severity only in the femoro-popliteal arteries. On multiple regression, fibrinogen remained independently associated with disease severity in the femoro-popliteal arteries, when life-time smoking or current smoking were taken into account. There was no influence of current smoking on the association between fibrin D-dimer and disease severity but, on inclusion of life-time smoking, the association became non-significant. In the Prognostic Study of Intermittent Claudication, a total of 210 (34.6%) patients died during the six year follow-up period. Of these 90 (42.9%) died from ischaemic heart disease, 29 (13.8%) from stroke and 27 (12.9%) from other vascular causes, including cardiac arrhythmias and ruptured aneurysm. Ninety three (15.3%) patients had a non-fatal myocardial infarction and 79 (13.0%) had a fatal or non-fatal stroke. Forty five (7.4%) patients underwent investigations for peripheral arterial disease and 64 (10.5%) patients progressed to severe chronic leg ischaemia. A total of 203 (33.4%) patients did not have a vascular event or show any deterioration of limb ischaemia. Baseline median levels of plasma fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and von Willebrand Factor were significantly higher in patients who died from ischaemic heart disease compared to those who had no vascular events. Tissue plasminogen activator antigen levels were significantly elevated in patients who suffered a stroke. All the relationships between the haemostatic factors and vascular events became weaker and statistically non-significant in analysis adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and baseline ischaemic heart disease. von Willebrand Factor levels were significantly raised in claudicants who developed severe chronic leg ischaemia (rest pain, ulceration and gangrene). In multivariate analyses adjusting for life-time smoking, fibrinogen became significantly associated with the risk of vascular intervention, and von Willebrand Factor was associated with the risk of severe chronic leg ischaemia. In conclusion, these results indicate that there may be a stronger relationship between chronic smoking and increased fibrin turnover than coagulation in symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Increased coagulation and fibrinolytic activity may also contribute to thrombosis or progression of atherosclerosis in the coronary and cerebral arteries in claudicants. The effect that fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and other haemostatic factors may have on the progression of peripheral arterial disease was mostly independent of cigarette smoking

Development of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Mixed-Methods Study in Nigerian Hospitals.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern facing global health today, with the greatest impact in developing countries where the burden of infectious diseases is much higher. The inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics are contributory factors to increasing antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (AMS) are implemented to optimise use and promote behavioural change in the use of antimicrobials. AMS programmes have been widely employed and proven to improve antibiotic use in many high-income settings. However, strategies to contain antimicrobial resistance have yet to be successfully implemented in low-resource settings. A recent toolkit for AMS in low- and middle-income countries by the World Health Organisation (WHO) recognizes the importance of local context in the development of AMS programmes. This study employed a bottom-up approach to identify important local determinants of antimicrobial prescribing practices in a low-middle income setting, to inform the development of a local AMS programme. Analysis of prescribing practices and interviews with prescribers highlighted priorities for AMS, which include increasing awareness of antibiotic resistance, development and maintenance of guidelines for antibiotic use, monitoring and surveillance of antibiotic use, ensuring the quality of low-cost generic medicines, and improved laboratory services. The application of an established theoretical model for behaviour change guided the development of specific proposals for AMS. Finally, in a consultation with stakeholders, the feasibility of the plan was explored along with strategies for its implementation. This project provides an example of the design, and proposal for implementation of an AMS plan to improve antibiotic use in hospitals in low-middle income settings