Maternal health in Jamaica : health needs, services, and utilization

The main health issues for Jamaican women are nutrition, fertility, infection, chronic diseases, and stress and social problems. The two leading causes of adult health for women are cerebro-vascular accidents and coronary heart disease - of which high blood pressure is a major component among black women. The main factors causing stress for Jamaican women include unemployment, economic inadequacy, separation of partners, male promiscuity, limited availability of schooling for children, and violence. The Jamaican health care system needs more family planning services for those who want them; good community-based prenatal education and screening and hospital delivery for high-risk pregnancies, better community education and better transportation so that women and midwifes can visit more often. There is also a great need for health education to overcome broad misperceptions, which may block demand for family planning services.Reproductive Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health,Early Child and Children's Health,Gender and Health

Will to Remember: Counter-Archives in the Work of Alvarez, Danticat, and Díaz

This dissertation argues the essays, fiction, non-fiction, and non-profit work of authors Julia Alvarez, Edwidge Danticat, and Junot Díaz produce counter-narratives that when assembled, create a counter-archive of the Rafael Leonidas Trujillo dictatorship and its lasting effects. To support this claim, I analyze the various genres and medias they employ throughout the late 20thand early 21st centuries as redressing not only the “official” state history of the dictatorship, but also the overarching construction of history with a capital “H”. Through a close reading of form and the thematic concerns present in their work, I demonstrate how they challenge fundamental understandings of historical recording, notions about where historical artifacts and ephemeral materials remain, and, finally, the strategic inclusion/occlusion of certain voices as representative of “official” history. In doing so, I highlight how their counter-narratives provide examples of alternate voices and accounts of history through familial silences, testimonio, the imagination, and fast media. Finally, I offer the concluding argument that their larger counter-archival project creates the space for readers to imagine the implications of historical moments and history in a broader context, across generations and national borders

Do Prostitution Advertisements Reduce Violence Against Women? A Methodological Examination of Cunningham, DeAngelo, and Tripp Findings

A recent study by Cunningham, DeAngelo, and Tripp (unpublished 2017, 2019) found that advertising prostitution online led to a lower rate of homicide of women in the United States. These findings have circulated widely in the mainstream media as proof that advertising prostitution online increases the safety of prostituted women. The study’s findings were used to argue against the 2018 passage of a federal anti-trafficking bill: Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA) and Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act (SESTA), known collectively as FOSTA-SESTA. This new law holds websites that knowingly facilitate sex trafficking accountable for the harms they cause. Passage of the legislation led to the shutdown of sites that profited from prostitution advertising. Backpage.com, a major site for prostitution advertising, was shut down by the U.S. Department of Justice just days following Congress’ passage of the legislation, but prior to FOSTA-SESTA being signed into law. Within days of the passage of the legislation, operators of other prostitution advertising sites shuttered their sites. Our critique of the article is based on the assumptions and methodology employed by Cunningham et al. We find the study is methodologically flawed. First, the study fails to demonstrate a link between the decline in the female homicide rate and online prostitution advertising. Second, the study does not measure the murder rate within the population of women in prostitution to show that online prostitution advertising keeps prostituted women safe. Third, the authors attempt to explain the reasons for a decline in the murder rate of women via speculation. Fourth, the study defines “safety” as not being murdered, ignoring other forms of violence inherent in the sex trade. Fifth, Cunningham et al. wrongly extrapolate findings from 2002 to the present by speculating about the impact of FOSTA-SESTA on prostituted women’s safety, without accounting for shifts in Internet culture and usage. The findings and conclusions from this study could lead people to believe falsely that using and expanding online prostitution advertising sites will reduce violence against all women, as well as prostituted women. The safety of people in prostitution is a serious concern. Consequently, other measures should be examined to protect them

Covering California's Kids: Outcomes from Children's Health Initiatives in California

Examines the outcomes and policy implications of CHIs and the Healthy Kids insurance program in the state

Performance evaluation of implementation of regional special-purpose programs

© 2015, Asian Social Science. All rights reserved. The article analyses the algorithm of development and implementation of regional special-purpose programs on the example of the special-purpose program “Rural Youth of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2011-2015”; the assessment of the program using performance indicators that include the level of execution of the planned funding is conducted; the level of achievement of the performance indicator; the effectiveness of budget spending; the effective implementation of the long-term program in the reporting under report